diff --git a/.buildkite/worker-blacklist b/.buildkite/worker-blacklist
index 094b6c94da2b..fd98cbbaf656 100644
--- a/.buildkite/worker-blacklist
+++ b/.buildkite/worker-blacklist
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ Message history can be paginated
 
 Can re-join room if re-invited
 
-/upgrade creates a new room
-
 The only membership state included in an initial sync is for all the senders in the timeline
 
 Local device key changes get to remote servers
diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index bee4d6baba1b..adb2b3e163d8 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,10 +1,39 @@
 Next version
 ============
 
-* A new template (`sso_auth_confirm.html`) was added to Synapse. If your Synapse
-  is configured to use SSO and a custom `sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir`
-  configuration then this template will need to be duplicated into that
-  directory.
+* New templates (`sso_auth_confirm.html`, `sso_auth_success.html`, and
+ `sso_account_deactivated.html`) were added to Synapse. If your Synapse is
+ configured to use SSO and a custom  `sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir`
+ configuration then these templates will need to be duplicated into that
+ directory.
+
+* Plugins using the `complete_sso_login` method of `synapse.module_api.ModuleApi`
+  should update to using the async/await version `complete_sso_login_async` which
+  includes additional checks. The non-async version is considered deprecated.
+
+
+Synapse 1.12.4 (2020-04-23)
+===========================
+
+No significant changes.
+
+
+Synapse 1.12.4rc1 (2020-04-22)
+==============================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Always send users their own device updates. ([\#7160](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7160))
+- Add support for handling GET requests for `account_data` on a worker. ([\#7311](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7311))
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix a bug that prevented cross-signing with users on worker-mode synapses. ([\#7255](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7255))
+- Do not treat display names as globs in push rules. ([\#7271](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7271))
+- Fix a bug with cross-signing devices belonging to remote users who did not share a room with any user on the local homeserver. ([\#7289](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7289))
 
 Synapse 1.12.3 (2020-04-03)
 ===========================
@@ -15,14 +44,10 @@ correctly fix the issue with building the Debian packages. ([\#7212](https://git
 Synapse 1.12.2 (2020-04-02)
 ===========================
 
-This release works around [an
-issue](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7208) with building the
-debian packages.
+This release works around [an issue](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7208) with building the debian packages.
 
 No other significant changes since 1.12.1.
 
->>>>>>> master
-
 Synapse 1.12.1 (2020-04-02)
 ===========================
 
@@ -42,12 +67,19 @@ Bugfixes
 Synapse 1.12.0 (2020-03-23)
 ===========================
 
-No significant changes since 1.12.0rc1.
-
 Debian packages and Docker images are rebuilt using the latest versions of
 dependency libraries, including Twisted 20.3.0. **Please see security advisory
 below**.
 
+Potential slow database update during upgrade
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Synapse 1.12.0 includes a database update which is run as part of the upgrade,
+and which may take some time (several hours in the case of a large
+server). Synapse will not respond to HTTP requests while this update is taking
+place. For imformation on seeing if you are affected, and workaround if you
+are, see the [upgrade notes](UPGRADE.rst#upgrading-to-v1120).
+
 Security advisory
 -----------------
 
diff --git a/UPGRADE.rst b/UPGRADE.rst
index 3cad8c283765..768d94a393a4 100644
--- a/UPGRADE.rst
+++ b/UPGRADE.rst
@@ -75,6 +75,71 @@ for example:
      wget https://packages.matrix.org/debian/pool/main/m/matrix-synapse-py3/matrix-synapse-py3_1.3.0+stretch1_amd64.deb
      dpkg -i matrix-synapse-py3_1.3.0+stretch1_amd64.deb
 
+Upgrading to v1.12.0
+====================
+
+This version includes a database update which is run as part of the upgrade,
+and which may take some time (several hours in the case of a large
+server). Synapse will not respond to HTTP requests while this update is taking
+place.
+
+This is only likely to be a problem in the case of a server which is
+participating in many rooms.
+
+0. As with all upgrades, it is recommended that you have a recent backup of
+   your database which can be used for recovery in the event of any problems.
+
+1. As an initial check to see if you will be affected, you can try running the
+   following query from the `psql` or `sqlite3` console. It is safe to run it
+   while Synapse is still running.
+
+   .. code:: sql
+
+      SELECT MAX(q.v) FROM (
+        SELECT (
+          SELECT ej.json AS v
+          FROM state_events se INNER JOIN event_json ej USING (event_id)
+          WHERE se.room_id=rooms.room_id AND se.type='m.room.create' AND se.state_key=''
+          LIMIT 1
+        ) FROM rooms WHERE rooms.room_version IS NULL
+      ) q;
+
+   This query will take about the same amount of time as the upgrade process: ie,
+   if it takes 5 minutes, then it is likely that Synapse will be unresponsive for
+   5 minutes during the upgrade.
+
+   If you consider an outage of this duration to be acceptable, no further
+   action is necessary and you can simply start Synapse 1.12.0.
+
+   If you would prefer to reduce the downtime, continue with the steps below.
+
+2. The easiest workaround for this issue is to manually
+   create a new index before upgrading. On PostgreSQL, his can be done as follows:
+
+   .. code:: sql
+
+      CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY tmp_upgrade_1_12_0_index
+      ON state_events(room_id) WHERE type = 'm.room.create';
+
+   The above query may take some time, but is also safe to run while Synapse is
+   running.
+
+   We assume that no SQLite users have databases large enough to be
+   affected. If you *are* affected, you can run a similar query, omitting the
+   ``CONCURRENTLY`` keyword. Note however that this operation may in itself cause
+   Synapse to stop running for some time. Synapse admins are reminded that
+   `SQLite is not recommended for use outside a test
+   environment <https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/README.rst#using-postgresql>`_.
+
+3. Once the index has been created, the ``SELECT`` query in step 1 above should
+   complete quickly. It is therefore safe to upgrade to Synapse 1.12.0.
+
+4. Once Synapse 1.12.0 has successfully started and is responding to HTTP
+   requests, the temporary index can be removed:
+
+   .. code:: sql
+
+      DROP INDEX tmp_upgrade_1_12_0_index;
 
 Upgrading to v1.10.0
 ====================
diff --git a/changelog.d/6899.bugfix b/changelog.d/6899.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..efa8a40b1f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6899.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve error responses when accessing remote public room lists.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7040.feature b/changelog.d/7040.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce6140fdd111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7040.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add support for running replication over Redis when using workers.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7160.feature b/changelog.d/7160.feature
deleted file mode 100644
index c1205969a18f..000000000000
--- a/changelog.d/7160.feature
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Always send users their own device updates.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7185.misc b/changelog.d/7185.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..deb9ca702122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7185.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move client command handling out of TCP protocol.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7186.feature b/changelog.d/7186.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..01057aa396ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7186.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Support SSO in the user interactive authentication workflow.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7187.misc b/changelog.d/7187.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60d68ae87704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7187.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move server command handling out of TCP protocol.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7192.misc b/changelog.d/7192.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e401e363997e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7192.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove sent outbound device list pokes from the database.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7193.misc b/changelog.d/7193.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..383a738e6497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7193.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a background database update job to clear out duplicate `device_lists_outbound_pokes`.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7199.bugfix b/changelog.d/7199.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b234163ea823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7199.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a bug that could cause a user to be invited to a server notices (aka System Alerts) room without any notice being sent.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7207.misc b/changelog.d/7207.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4f9b6a1089a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7207.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove some extraneous debugging log lines.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7213.misc b/changelog.d/7213.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..03cbfb5f6269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7213.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add explicit Python build tooling as dependencies for the snapcraft build.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7219.misc b/changelog.d/7219.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4af5da86463e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7219.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add typing information to federation server code.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7225.misc b/changelog.d/7225.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..375e2a475fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7225.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Extend room admin api (`GET /_synapse/admin/v1/rooms`) with additional attributes.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7226.misc b/changelog.d/7226.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676f285377f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7226.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7228.misc b/changelog.d/7228.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..50e206377fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7228.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Unblacklist '/upgrade creates a new room' sytest for workers.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7230.feature b/changelog.d/7230.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aab777648f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7230.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Require admin privileges to enable room encryption by default. This does not affect existing rooms.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7233.misc b/changelog.d/7233.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9ad582726ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7233.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove redundant checks on `daemonize` from synctl.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7234.doc b/changelog.d/7234.doc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d284f1422b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7234.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Update the contributed documentation on managing synapse workers with systemd, and bring it into the core distribution.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7235.feature b/changelog.d/7235.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fafa79c7e7f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7235.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve the support for SSO authentication on the login fallback page.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7236.misc b/changelog.d/7236.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e4a2702b5483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7236.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Upgrade jQuery to v3.4.1 on fallback login/registration pages.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7237.misc b/changelog.d/7237.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..92e67ea31fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7237.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Change log line that told user to implement onLogin/onRegister fallback js functions to a warning, instead of an info, so it's more visible.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7238.doc b/changelog.d/7238.doc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e3b4be428f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7238.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add documentation to the `password_providers` config option. Add known password provider implementations to docs.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7239.misc b/changelog.d/7239.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676f285377f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7239.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7240.bugfix b/changelog.d/7240.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..83b18d3e1143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7240.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Do not allow a deactivated user to login via SSO.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7241.misc b/changelog.d/7241.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fac5bc04032c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7241.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert some of synapse.rest.media to async/await.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7243.misc b/changelog.d/7243.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a39c257a5431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7243.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Correct the parameters of a test fixture. Contributed by Isaiah Singletary.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7248.doc b/changelog.d/7248.doc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e3b4be428f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7248.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add documentation to the `password_providers` config option. Add known password provider implementations to docs.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7249.bugfix b/changelog.d/7249.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6ae700d36518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7249.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix --help command-line argument.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7251.doc b/changelog.d/7251.doc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..596a28e65dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7251.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Modify suggested nginx reverse proxy configuration to match Synapse's default file upload size. Contributed by @ProCycleDev.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7259.bugfix b/changelog.d/7259.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55bb06be8c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7259.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Do not allow a deactivated user to login via SSO.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7260.bugfix b/changelog.d/7260.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9e50b56f2336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7260.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix room publish permissions not being checked on room creation.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7261.misc b/changelog.d/7261.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..88165f0105d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7261.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert auth handler to async/await.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7265.feature b/changelog.d/7265.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..345b63e0b78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7265.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a config option for specifying the value of the Accept-Language HTTP header when generating URL previews.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7268.bugfix b/changelog.d/7268.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ab280da18edd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7268.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reject unknown session IDs during user interactive authentication instead of silently creating a new session.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7272.doc b/changelog.d/7272.doc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..13a1ee340d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7272.doc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Documentation of media_storage_providers options updated to avoid misunderstandings. Contributed by Tristan Lins.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7274.bugfix b/changelog.d/7274.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..211a38befc01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7274.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a sql query introduced in Synapse 1.12.0 which could cause large amounts of logging to the postgres slow-query log.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7279.feature b/changelog.d/7279.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9aed0754744b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7279.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Support SSO in the user interactive authentication workflow.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7286.misc b/changelog.d/7286.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676f285377f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7286.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7290.misc b/changelog.d/7290.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676f285377f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7290.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7291.misc b/changelog.d/7291.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..02e7ae3fa2a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7291.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve typing annotations in `synapse.replication.tcp.streams.Stream`.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7295.misc b/changelog.d/7295.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..239195e75c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7295.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reduce log verbosity of url cache cleanup tasks.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7300.misc b/changelog.d/7300.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7b3bc362b822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7300.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix sample SAML Service Provider configuration. Contributed by @frcl.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7303.misc b/changelog.d/7303.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aa89c2b25444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7303.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix StreamChangeCache to work with multiple entities changing on the same stream id.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7315.feature b/changelog.d/7315.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ebcb4741b76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7315.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Allow `/requestToken` endpoints to hide the existence (or lack thereof) of 3PID associations on the homeserver.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7318.misc b/changelog.d/7318.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676f285377f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7318.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7319.misc b/changelog.d/7319.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..62ea6b6df966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7319.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix an incorrect import in IdentityHandler.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/changelog.d/7321.misc b/changelog.d/7321.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a4b3e67af9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7321.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reduce logging verbosity for successful federation requests.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7325.feature b/changelog.d/7325.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce6140fdd111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7325.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add support for running replication over Redis when using workers.
diff --git a/changelog.d/7326.misc b/changelog.d/7326.misc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676f285377f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/7326.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move catchup of replication streams logic to worker.
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md
index 74b261e9fbb9..8d21d532bd40 100644
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md
+++ b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/README.md
@@ -1,150 +1,2 @@
-# Setup Synapse with Workers and Systemd
-
-This is a setup for managing synapse with systemd including support for
-managing workers. It provides a `matrix-synapse`, as well as a
-`matrix-synapse-worker@` service for any workers you require. Additionally to
-group the required services it sets up a `matrix.target`. You can use this to
-automatically start any bot- or bridge-services. More on this in
-[Bots and Bridges](#bots-and-bridges).
-
-See the folder [system](system) for any service and target files.
-
-The folder [workers](workers) contains an example configuration for the
-`federation_reader` worker. Pay special attention to the name of the
-configuration file. In order to work with the `matrix-synapse-worker@.service`
-service, it needs to have the exact same name as the worker app.
-
-This setup expects neither the homeserver nor any workers to fork. Forking is
-handled by systemd.
-
-## Setup
-
-1. Adjust your matrix configs. Make sure that the worker config files have the
-exact same name as the worker app. Compare `matrix-synapse-worker@.service` for
-why. You can find an example worker config in the [workers](workers) folder. See
-below for relevant settings in the `homeserver.yaml`.
-2. Copy the `*.service` and `*.target` files in [system](system) to
-`/etc/systemd/system`.
-3. `systemctl enable matrix-synapse.service` this adds the homeserver
-app to the `matrix.target`
-4. *Optional.* `systemctl enable
-matrix-synapse-worker@federation_reader.service` this adds the federation_reader
-app to the `matrix-synapse.service`
-5. *Optional.* Repeat step 4 for any additional workers you require.
-6. *Optional.* Add any bots or bridges by enabling them.
-7. Start all matrix related services via `systemctl start matrix.target`
-8. *Optional.* Enable autostart of all matrix related services on system boot
-via `systemctl enable matrix.target`
-
-## Usage
-
-After you have setup you can use the following commands to manage your synapse
-installation:
-
-```
-# Start matrix-synapse, all workers and any enabled bots or bridges.
-systemctl start matrix.target
-
-# Restart matrix-synapse and all workers (not necessarily restarting bots
-# or bridges, see "Bots and Bridges")
-systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
-
-# Stop matrix-synapse and all workers (not necessarily restarting bots
-# or bridges, see "Bots and Bridges")
-systemctl stop matrix-synapse.service
-
-# Restart a specific worker (i. e. federation_reader), the homeserver is
-# unaffected by this.
-systemctl restart matrix-synapse-worker@federation_reader.service
-
-# Add a new worker (assuming all configs are setup already)
-systemctl enable matrix-synapse-worker@federation_writer.service
-systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
-```
-
-## The Configs
-
-Make sure the `worker_app` is set in the `homeserver.yaml` and it does not fork.
-
-```
-worker_app: synapse.app.homeserver 
-daemonize: false
-```
-
-None of the workers should fork, as forking is handled by systemd. Hence make
-sure this is present in all worker config files.
-
-```
-worker_daemonize: false
-```
-
-The config files of all workers are expected to be located in
-`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers`. If you want to use a different location you have
-to edit the provided `*.service` files accordingly.  
-
-## Bots and Bridges
-
-Most bots and bridges do not care if the homeserver goes down or is restarted.
-Depending on the implementation this may crash them though. So look up the docs
-or ask the community of the specific bridge or bot you want to run to make sure
-you choose the correct setup.
-
-Whichever configuration you choose, after the setup the following will enable
-automatically starting (and potentially restarting) your bot/bridge with the
-`matrix.target`.
-
-```
-systemctl enable <yourBotOrBridgeName>.service
-```
-
-**Note** that from an inactive synapse the bots/bridges will only be started with
-synapse if you start the `matrix.target`, not if you start the
-`matrix-synapse.service`. This is on purpose. Think of `matrix-synapse.service`
-as *just* synapse, but `matrix.target` being anything matrix related, including
-synapse and any and all enabled bots and bridges.
-
-### Start with synapse but ignore synapse going down
-
-If the bridge can handle shutdowns of the homeserver you'll want to install the
-service in the `matrix.target` and optionally add a
-`After=matrix-synapse.service` dependency to have the bot/bridge start after
-synapse on starting everything.
-
-In this case the service file should look like this.
-
-```
-[Unit]
-# ...
-# Optional, this will only ensure that if you start everything, synapse will
-# be started before the bot/bridge will be started.
-After=matrix-synapse.service
-
-[Service]
-# ...
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=matrix.target
-```
-
-### Stop/restart when synapse stops/restarts
-
-If the bridge can't handle shutdowns of the homeserver you'll still want to
-install the service in the `matrix.target` but also have to specify the
-`After=matrix-synapse.service` *and* `BindsTo=matrix-synapse.service`
-dependencies to have the bot/bridge stop/restart with synapse.
-
-In this case the service file should look like this.
-
-```
-[Unit]
-# ...
-# Mandatory
-After=matrix-synapse.service
-BindsTo=matrix-synapse.service
-
-[Service]
-# ...
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=matrix.target
-```
+The documentation for using systemd to manage synapse workers is now part of
+the main synapse distribution. See [docs/systemd-with-workers](../../docs/systemd-with-workers).
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
deleted file mode 100644
index 3507e2e9896b..000000000000
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[Unit]
-Description=Synapse Matrix Worker
-After=matrix-synapse.service
-BindsTo=matrix-synapse.service
-
-[Service]
-Type=notify
-NotifyAccess=main
-User=matrix-synapse
-WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/matrix-synapse
-EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/matrix-synapse
-ExecStart=/opt/venvs/matrix-synapse/bin/python -m synapse.app.%i --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/ --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/%i.yaml
-ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
-Restart=always
-RestartSec=3
-SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse-%i
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=matrix-synapse.service
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target b/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target
deleted file mode 100644
index aff97d03efb5..000000000000
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix.target
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-[Unit]
-Description=Contains matrix services like synapse, bridges and bots
-After=network.target
-AllowIsolate=no
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/debian/changelog b/debian/changelog
index 642115fc5af4..8641571986e9 100644
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+matrix-synapse-py3 (1.12.3ubuntu1) UNRELEASED; urgency=medium
+
+  * Add information about .well-known files to Debian installation scripts.
+
+ -- Patrick Cloke <patrickc@matrix.org>  Mon, 06 Apr 2020 10:10:38 -0400
+=======
+matrix-synapse-py3 (1.12.4) stable; urgency=medium
+
+  * New synapse release 1.12.4.
+
+ -- Synapse Packaging team <packages@matrix.org>  Thu, 23 Apr 2020 10:58:14 -0400
+>>>>>>> master
+
 matrix-synapse-py3 (1.12.3) stable; urgency=medium
 
   [ Richard van der Hoff ]
diff --git a/debian/po/templates.pot b/debian/po/templates.pot
index 84d960761a8e..f0af9e70fbce 100644
--- a/debian/po/templates.pot
+++ b/debian/po/templates.pot
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
 # Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the matrix-synapse package.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the matrix-synapse-py3 package.
 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
 #
 #, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: matrix-synapse\n"
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: matrix-synapse@packages.debian.org\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-02-21 07:51+0000\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: matrix-synapse-py3\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: matrix-synapse-py3@packages.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-04-06 16:39-0400\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ msgstr ""
 #: ../templates:1001
 msgid ""
 "The name that this homeserver will appear as, to clients and other servers "
-"via federation. This name should match the SRV record published in DNS."
+"via federation. This is normally the public hostname of the server running "
+"synapse, but can be different if you set up delegation. Please refer to the "
+"delegation documentation in this case: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/"
+"blob/master/docs/delegate.md."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Type: boolean
diff --git a/debian/templates b/debian/templates
index 647358731cd6..458fe8bbe966 100644
--- a/debian/templates
+++ b/debian/templates
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ Template: matrix-synapse/server-name
 Type: string
 _Description: Name of the server:
  The name that this homeserver will appear as, to clients and other
- servers via federation. This name should match the SRV record
- published in DNS.
+ servers via federation. This is normally the public hostname of the
+ server running synapse, but can be different if you set up delegation.
+ Please refer to the delegation documentation in this case:
+ https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/delegate.md.
 
 Template: matrix-synapse/report-stats
 Type: boolean
diff --git a/docs/admin_api/rooms.md b/docs/admin_api/rooms.md
index 2db457c1b6f0..26fe8b8679a0 100644
--- a/docs/admin_api/rooms.md
+++ b/docs/admin_api/rooms.md
@@ -11,8 +11,21 @@ The following query parameters are available:
 * `from` - Offset in the returned list. Defaults to `0`.
 * `limit` - Maximum amount of rooms to return. Defaults to `100`.
 * `order_by` - The method in which to sort the returned list of rooms. Valid values are:
-  - `alphabetical` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by room name. This is the default.
-  - `size` - Rooms are ordered by the number of members. Largest to smallest.
+  - `alphabetical` - Same as `name`. This is deprecated.
+  - `size` - Same as `joined_members`. This is deprecated.
+  - `name` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by room name. This is the default.
+  - `canonical_alias` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by main alias address of the room.
+  - `joined_members` - Rooms are ordered by the number of members. Largest to smallest.
+  - `joined_local_members` - Rooms are ordered by the number of local members. Largest to smallest.
+  - `version` - Rooms are ordered by room version. Largest to smallest.
+  - `creator` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by creator of the room.
+  - `encryption` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by the end-to-end encryption algorithm.
+  - `federatable` - Rooms are ordered by whether the room is federatable.
+  - `public` - Rooms are ordered by visibility in room list.
+  - `join_rules` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by join rules of the room.
+  - `guest_access` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by guest access option of the room.
+  - `history_visibility` - Rooms are ordered alphabetically by visibility of history of the room.
+  - `state_events` - Rooms are ordered by number of state events. Largest to smallest.
 * `dir` - Direction of room order. Either `f` for forwards or `b` for backwards. Setting
           this value to `b` will reverse the above sort order. Defaults to `f`.
 * `search_term` - Filter rooms by their room name. Search term can be contained in any
@@ -26,6 +39,16 @@ The following fields are possible in the JSON response body:
     - `name` - The name of the room.
     - `canonical_alias` - The canonical (main) alias address of the room.
     - `joined_members` - How many users are currently in the room.
+    - `joined_local_members` - How many local users are currently in the room.
+    - `version` - The version of the room as a string.
+    - `creator` - The `user_id` of the room creator.
+    - `encryption` - Algorithm of end-to-end encryption of messages. Is `null` if encryption is not active.
+    - `federatable` - Whether users on other servers can join this room.
+    - `public` - Whether the room is visible in room directory.
+    - `join_rules` - The type of rules used for users wishing to join this room. One of: ["public", "knock", "invite", "private"].
+    - `guest_access` - Whether guests can join the room. One of: ["can_join", "forbidden"].
+    - `history_visibility` - Who can see the room history. One of: ["invited", "joined", "shared", "world_readable"].
+    - `state_events` - Total number of state_events of a room. Complexity of the room.
 * `offset` - The current pagination offset in rooms. This parameter should be
              used instead of `next_token` for room offset as `next_token` is
              not intended to be parsed.
@@ -60,14 +83,34 @@ Response:
       "room_id": "!OGEhHVWSdvArJzumhm:matrix.org",
       "name": "Matrix HQ",
       "canonical_alias": "#matrix:matrix.org",
-      "joined_members": 8326
+      "joined_members": 8326,
+      "joined_local_members": 2,
+      "version": "1",
+      "creator": "@foo:matrix.org",
+      "encryption": null,
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": true,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 93534
     },
     ... (8 hidden items) ...
     {
       "room_id": "!xYvNcQPhnkrdUmYczI:matrix.org",
       "name": "This Week In Matrix (TWIM)",
       "canonical_alias": "#twim:matrix.org",
-      "joined_members": 314
+      "joined_members": 314,
+      "joined_local_members": 20,
+      "version": "4",
+      "creator": "@foo:matrix.org",
+      "encryption": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2",
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": false,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 8345
     }
   ],
   "offset": 0,
@@ -92,7 +135,17 @@ Response:
       "room_id": "!xYvNcQPhnkrdUmYczI:matrix.org",
       "name": "This Week In Matrix (TWIM)",
       "canonical_alias": "#twim:matrix.org",
-      "joined_members": 314
+      "joined_members": 314,
+      "joined_local_members": 20,
+      "version": "4",
+      "creator": "@foo:matrix.org",
+      "encryption": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2",
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": false,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 8
     }
   ],
   "offset": 0,
@@ -117,14 +170,34 @@ Response:
       "room_id": "!OGEhHVWSdvArJzumhm:matrix.org",
       "name": "Matrix HQ",
       "canonical_alias": "#matrix:matrix.org",
-      "joined_members": 8326
+      "joined_members": 8326,
+      "joined_local_members": 2,
+      "version": "1",
+      "creator": "@foo:matrix.org",
+      "encryption": null,
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": true,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 93534
     },
     ... (98 hidden items) ...
     {
       "room_id": "!xYvNcQPhnkrdUmYczI:matrix.org",
       "name": "This Week In Matrix (TWIM)",
       "canonical_alias": "#twim:matrix.org",
-      "joined_members": 314
+      "joined_members": 314,
+      "joined_local_members": 20,
+      "version": "4",
+      "creator": "@foo:matrix.org",
+      "encryption": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2",
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": false,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 8345
     }
   ],
   "offset": 0,
@@ -154,6 +227,16 @@ Response:
       "name": "Music Theory",
       "canonical_alias": "#musictheory:matrix.org",
       "joined_members": 127
+      "joined_local_members": 2,
+      "version": "1",
+      "creator": "@foo:matrix.org",
+      "encryption": null,
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": true,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 93534
     },
     ... (48 hidden items) ...
     {
@@ -161,6 +244,16 @@ Response:
       "name": "weechat-matrix",
       "canonical_alias": "#weechat-matrix:termina.org.uk",
       "joined_members": 137
+      "joined_local_members": 20,
+      "version": "4",
+      "creator": "@foo:termina.org.uk",
+      "encryption": null,
+      "federatable": true,
+      "public": true,
+      "join_rules": "invite",
+      "guest_access": null,
+      "history_visibility": "shared",
+      "state_events": 8345
     }
   ],
   "offset": 100,
diff --git a/docs/password_auth_providers.md b/docs/password_auth_providers.md
index 0db1a3804a00..5d9ae670413d 100644
--- a/docs/password_auth_providers.md
+++ b/docs/password_auth_providers.md
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ into Synapse, and provides a number of methods by which it can integrate
 with the authentication system.
 
 This document serves as a reference for those looking to implement their
-own password auth providers.
+own password auth providers. Additionally, here is a list of known
+password auth provider module implementations:
+
+* [matrix-synapse-ldap3](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-synapse-ldap3/)
+* [matrix-synapse-shared-secret-auth](https://github.com/devture/matrix-synapse-shared-secret-auth)
 
 ## Required methods
 
diff --git a/docs/reverse_proxy.md b/docs/reverse_proxy.md
index af6d73927a4d..c7222f73b9fc 100644
--- a/docs/reverse_proxy.md
+++ b/docs/reverse_proxy.md
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ the reverse proxy and the homeserver.
             location /_matrix {
                 proxy_pass http://localhost:8008;
                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+                # Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
+                # Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
+                client_max_body_size 10M;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 7fbd9cfe2a48..7390377f3424 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -414,6 +414,16 @@ retention:
   #    longest_max_lifetime: 1y
   #    interval: 1d
 
+# Inhibits the /requestToken endpoints from returning an error that might leak
+# information about whether an e-mail address is in use or not on this
+# homeserver.
+# Note that for some endpoints the error situation is the e-mail already being
+# used, and for others the error is entering the e-mail being unused.
+# If this option is enabled, instead of returning an error, these endpoints will
+# act as if no error happened and return a fake session ID ('sid') to clients.
+#
+#request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors: true
+
 
 ## TLS ##
 
@@ -735,12 +745,11 @@ media_store_path: "DATADIR/media_store"
 #
 #media_storage_providers:
 #  - module: file_system
-#    # Whether to write new local files.
+#    # Whether to store newly uploaded local files
 #    store_local: false
-#    # Whether to write new remote media
+#    # Whether to store newly downloaded remote files
 #    store_remote: false
-#    # Whether to block upload requests waiting for write to this
-#    # provider to complete
+#    # Whether to wait for successful storage for local uploads
 #    store_synchronous: false
 #    config:
 #       directory: /mnt/some/other/directory
@@ -859,6 +868,31 @@ media_store_path: "DATADIR/media_store"
 #
 #max_spider_size: 10M
 
+# A list of values for the Accept-Language HTTP header used when
+# downloading webpages during URL preview generation. This allows
+# Synapse to specify the preferred languages that URL previews should
+# be in when communicating with remote servers.
+#
+# Each value is a IETF language tag; a 2-3 letter identifier for a
+# language, optionally followed by subtags separated by '-', specifying
+# a country or region variant.
+#
+# Multiple values can be provided, and a weight can be added to each by
+# using quality value syntax (;q=). '*' translates to any language.
+#
+# Defaults to "en".
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# url_preview_accept_language:
+#   - en-UK
+#   - en-US;q=0.9
+#   - fr;q=0.8
+#   - *;q=0.7
+#
+url_preview_accept_language:
+#   - en
+
 
 ## Captcha ##
 # See docs/CAPTCHA_SETUP for full details of configuring this.
@@ -1315,32 +1349,32 @@ saml2_config:
   #    remote:
   #      - url: https://our_idp/metadata.xml
   #
-  #    # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
-  #    # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
-  #    # 'service.sp' section:
-  #    #
-  #    #service:
-  #    #  sp:
-  #    #    allow_unsolicited: true
-  #
-  #    # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
-  #    # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
-  #    # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
-  #
-  #    description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
-  #    name: ["Test SP", "en"]
-  #
-  #    organization:
-  #      name: Example com
-  #      display_name:
-  #        - ["Example co", "en"]
-  #      url: "http://example.com"
-  #
-  #    contact_person:
-  #      - given_name: Bob
-  #        sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
-  #        email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
-  #        contact_type": technical
+  #  # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
+  #  # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
+  #  # 'service.sp' section:
+  #  #
+  #  #service:
+  #  #  sp:
+  #  #    allow_unsolicited: true
+  #
+  #  # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
+  #  # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
+  #  # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
+  #
+  #  description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
+  #  name: ["Test SP", "en"]
+  #
+  #  organization:
+  #    name: Example com
+  #    display_name:
+  #      - ["Example co", "en"]
+  #    url: "http://example.com"
+  #
+  #  contact_person:
+  #    - given_name: Bob
+  #      sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
+  #      email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
+  #      contact_type": technical
 
   # Instead of putting the config inline as above, you can specify a
   # separate pysaml2 configuration file:
@@ -1657,7 +1691,19 @@ email:
   #template_dir: "res/templates"
 
 
-#password_providers:
+# Password providers allow homeserver administrators to integrate
+# their Synapse installation with existing authentication methods
+# ex. LDAP, external tokens, etc.
+#
+# For more information and known implementations, please see
+# https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/password_auth_providers.md
+#
+# Note: instances wishing to use SAML or CAS authentication should
+# instead use the `saml2_config` or `cas_config` options,
+# respectively.
+#
+password_providers:
+#    # Example config for an LDAP auth provider
 #    - module: "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
 #      config:
 #        enabled: true
diff --git a/docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md b/docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..257c09446ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Setting up Synapse with Workers and Systemd
+
+This is a setup for managing synapse with systemd, including support for
+managing workers. It provides a `matrix-synapse` service for the master, as
+well as a `matrix-synapse-worker@` service template for any workers you
+require. Additionally, to group the required services, it sets up a
+`matrix-synapse.target`.
+
+See the folder [system](system) for the systemd unit files.
+
+The folder [workers](workers) contains an example configuration for the
+`federation_reader` worker.
+
+## Synapse configuration files
+
+See [workers.md](../workers.md) for information on how to set up the
+configuration files and reverse-proxy correctly. You can find an example worker
+config in the [workers](workers) folder.
+
+Systemd manages daemonization itself, so ensure that none of the configuration
+files set either `daemonize` or `worker_daemonize`.
+
+The config files of all workers are expected to be located in
+`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers`. If you want to use a different location, edit
+the provided `*.service` files accordingly.
+
+There is no need for a separate configuration file for the master process.
+
+## Set up
+
+1. Adjust synapse configuration files as above.
+1. Copy the `*.service` and `*.target` files in [system](system) to
+`/etc/systemd/system`.
+1. Run `systemctl deamon-reload` to tell systemd to load the new unit files.
+1. Run `systemctl enable matrix-synapse.service`. This will configure the
+synapse master process to be started as part of the `matrix-synapse.target`
+target.
+1. For each worker process to be enabled, run `systemctl enable
+matrix-synapse-worker@<worker_name>.service`. For each `<worker_name>`, there
+should be a corresponding configuration file
+`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/<worker_name>.yaml`.
+1. Start all the synapse processes with `systemctl start matrix-synapse.target`.
+1. Tell systemd to start synapse on boot with `systemctl enable matrix-synapse.target`/
+
+## Usage
+
+Once the services are correctly set up, you can use the following commands
+to manage your synapse installation:
+
+```sh
+# Restart Synapse master and all workers
+systemctl restart matrix-synapse.target
+
+# Stop Synapse and all workers
+systemctl stop matrix-synapse.target
+
+# Restart the master alone
+systemctl start matrix-synapse.service
+
+# Restart a specific worker (eg. federation_reader); the master is
+# unaffected by this.
+systemctl restart matrix-synapse-worker@federation_reader.service
+
+# Add a new worker (assuming all configs are set up already)
+systemctl enable matrix-synapse-worker@federation_writer.service
+systemctl restart matrix-synapse.target
+```
diff --git a/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70589a7a51c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse-worker@.service
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Synapse %i
+
+# This service should be restarted when the synapse target is restarted.
+PartOf=matrix-synapse.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=notify
+NotifyAccess=main
+User=matrix-synapse
+WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/matrix-synapse
+EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/matrix-synapse
+ExecStart=/opt/venvs/matrix-synapse/bin/python -m synapse.app.generic_worker --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/ --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/%i.yaml
+ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=3
+SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse-%i
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=matrix-synapse.target
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
similarity index 79%
rename from contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
rename to docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
index 68e8991f187d..c7b5ddfa4997 100644
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.service
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 [Unit]
-Description=Synapse Matrix Homeserver
+Description=Synapse master
+
+# This service should be restarted when the synapse target is restarted.
+PartOf=matrix-synapse.target
 
 [Service]
 Type=notify
@@ -15,4 +18,4 @@ RestartSec=3
 SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse
 
 [Install]
-WantedBy=matrix.target
+WantedBy=matrix-synapse.target
diff --git a/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e0eba1b34289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/system/matrix-synapse.target
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Synapse parent target
+After=network.target
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml b/docs/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
similarity index 92%
rename from contrib/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
rename to docs/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
index 47c54ec0d4cc..5b65c7040d54 100644
--- a/contrib/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
+++ b/docs/systemd-with-workers/workers/federation_reader.yaml
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ worker_listeners:
       resources:
           - names: [federation]
 
-worker_daemonize: false
 worker_log_config: /etc/matrix-synapse/federation-reader-log.yaml
diff --git a/docs/tcp_replication.md b/docs/tcp_replication.md
index 3be8e50c4c6f..b922d9cf7e66 100644
--- a/docs/tcp_replication.md
+++ b/docs/tcp_replication.md
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ Asks the server for the current position of all streams.
 
 #### USER_SYNC (C)
 
-   A user has started or stopped syncing
+   A user has started or stopped syncing on this process.
 
 #### CLEAR_USER_SYNC (C)
 
@@ -216,10 +216,6 @@ Asks the server for the current position of all streams.
 
    Inform the server a cache should be invalidated
 
-#### SYNC (S, C)
-
-   Used exclusively in tests
-
 ### REMOTE_SERVER_UP (S, C)
 
    Inform other processes that a remote server may have come back online.
diff --git a/docs/turn-howto.md b/docs/turn-howto.md
index b26e41f19e14..b8a2ba3e82b1 100644
--- a/docs/turn-howto.md
+++ b/docs/turn-howto.md
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Your home server configuration file needs the following extra keys:
 As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for matrix.org:
 
     turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org:3478?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org:3478?transport=tcp" ]
-    turn_shared_secret: n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons
+    turn_shared_secret: "n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons"
     turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
     turn_allow_guests: True
 
diff --git a/docs/workers.md b/docs/workers.md
index cf460283d507..cc0b23197ffd 100644
--- a/docs/workers.md
+++ b/docs/workers.md
@@ -52,24 +52,20 @@ synapse process.)
 
 You then create a set of configs for the various worker processes.  These
 should be worker configuration files, and should be stored in a dedicated
-subdirectory, to allow synctl to manipulate them. An additional configuration
-for the master synapse process will need to be created because the process will
-not be started automatically. That configuration should look like this:
-
-    worker_app: synapse.app.homeserver
-    daemonize: true
+subdirectory, to allow synctl to manipulate them.
 
 Each worker configuration file inherits the configuration of the main homeserver
 configuration file.  You can then override configuration specific to that worker,
 e.g. the HTTP listener that it provides (if any); logging configuration; etc.
 You should minimise the number of overrides though to maintain a usable config.
 
-You must specify the type of worker application (`worker_app`). The currently
-available worker applications are listed below. You must also specify the
-replication endpoints that it's talking to on the main synapse process.
-`worker_replication_host` should specify the host of the main synapse,
-`worker_replication_port` should point to the TCP replication listener port and
-`worker_replication_http_port` should point to the HTTP replication port.
+In the config file for each worker, you must specify the type of worker
+application (`worker_app`). The currently available worker applications are
+listed below. You must also specify the replication endpoints that it's talking
+to on the main synapse process.  `worker_replication_host` should specify the
+host of the main synapse, `worker_replication_port` should point to the TCP
+replication listener port and `worker_replication_http_port` should point to
+the HTTP replication port.
 
 Currently, the `event_creator` and `federation_reader` workers require specifying
 `worker_replication_http_port`.
@@ -90,8 +86,6 @@ For instance:
          - names:
            - client
 
-    worker_daemonize: True
-    worker_pid_file: /home/matrix/synapse/synchrotron.pid
     worker_log_config: /home/matrix/synapse/config/synchrotron_log_config.yaml
 
 ...is a full configuration for a synchrotron worker instance, which will expose a
@@ -101,7 +95,31 @@ by the main synapse.
 Obviously you should configure your reverse-proxy to route the relevant
 endpoints to the worker (`localhost:8083` in the above example).
 
-Finally, to actually run your worker-based synapse, you must pass synctl the -a
+Finally, you need to start your worker processes. This can be done with either
+`synctl` or your distribution's preferred service manager such as `systemd`. We
+recommend the use of `systemd` where available: for information on setting up
+`systemd` to start synapse workers, see
+[systemd-with-workers](systemd-with-workers). To use `synctl`, see below.
+
+### Using synctl
+
+If you want to use `synctl` to manage your synapse processes, you will need to
+create an an additional configuration file for the master synapse process. That
+configuration should look like this:
+
+```yaml
+worker_app: synapse.app.homeserver
+```
+
+Additionally, each worker app must be configured with the name of a "pid file",
+to which it will write its process ID when it starts. For example, for a
+synchrotron, you might write:
+
+```yaml
+worker_pid_file: /home/matrix/synapse/synchrotron.pid
+```
+
+Finally, to actually run your worker-based synapse, you must pass synctl the `-a`
 commandline option to tell it to operate on all the worker configurations found
 in the given directory, e.g.:
 
@@ -268,6 +286,8 @@ Additionally, the following REST endpoints can be handled for GET requests:
 
     ^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/pushrules/.*$
     ^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/groups/.*$
+    ^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/user/[^/]*/account_data/
+    ^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|unstable)/user/[^/]*/rooms/[^/]*/account_data/
 
 Additionally, the following REST endpoints can be handled, but all requests must
 be routed to the same instance:
diff --git a/snap/snapcraft.yaml b/snap/snapcraft.yaml
index 6b62b79114d7..9a01152c156b 100644
--- a/snap/snapcraft.yaml
+++ b/snap/snapcraft.yaml
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ parts:
     python-version: python3
     python-packages:
       - '.[all]'
+      - pip
+      - setuptools
+      - setuptools-scm
+      - wheel
     build-packages:
       - libffi-dev
       - libturbojpeg0-dev
diff --git a/stubs/sortedcontainers/__init__.pyi b/stubs/sortedcontainers/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..073b806d3c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/sortedcontainers/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from .sorteddict import (
+    SortedDict,
+    SortedKeysView,
+    SortedItemsView,
+    SortedValuesView,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SortedDict",
+    "SortedKeysView",
+    "SortedItemsView",
+    "SortedValuesView",
+]
diff --git a/stubs/sortedcontainers/sorteddict.pyi b/stubs/sortedcontainers/sorteddict.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..68779f968ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/sortedcontainers/sorteddict.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# stub for SortedDict. This is a lightly edited copy of
+# https://github.com/grantjenks/python-sortedcontainers/blob/eea42df1f7bad2792e8da77335ff888f04b9e5ae/sortedcontainers/sorteddict.pyi
+# (from https://github.com/grantjenks/python-sortedcontainers/pull/107)
+
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Hashable,
+    Iterator,
+    Iterable,
+    ItemsView,
+    KeysView,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    ValuesView,
+    overload,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_S = TypeVar("_S")
+_T_h = TypeVar("_T_h", bound=Hashable)
+_KT = TypeVar("_KT", bound=Hashable)  # Key type.
+_VT = TypeVar("_VT")  # Value type.
+_KT_co = TypeVar("_KT_co", covariant=True, bound=Hashable)
+_VT_co = TypeVar("_VT_co", covariant=True)
+_SD = TypeVar("_SD", bound=SortedDict)
+_Key = Callable[[_T], Any]
+
+class SortedDict(Dict[_KT, _VT]):
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, __map: Mapping[_KT, _VT], **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self, __iterable: Iterable[Tuple[_KT, _VT]], **kwargs: _VT
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, __key: _Key[_KT], **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self, __key: _Key[_KT], __map: Mapping[_KT, _VT], **kwargs: _VT
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self, __key: _Key[_KT], __iterable: Iterable[Tuple[_KT, _VT]], **kwargs: _VT
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def key(self) -> Optional[_Key[_KT]]: ...
+    @property
+    def iloc(self) -> SortedKeysView[_KT]: ...
+    def clear(self) -> None: ...
+    def __delitem__(self, key: _KT) -> None: ...
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[_KT]: ...
+    def __reversed__(self) -> Iterator[_KT]: ...
+    def __setitem__(self, key: _KT, value: _VT) -> None: ...
+    def _setitem(self, key: _KT, value: _VT) -> None: ...
+    def copy(self: _SD) -> _SD: ...
+    def __copy__(self: _SD) -> _SD: ...
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def fromkeys(cls, seq: Iterable[_T_h]) -> SortedDict[_T_h, None]: ...
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def fromkeys(cls, seq: Iterable[_T_h], value: _S) -> SortedDict[_T_h, _S]: ...
+    def keys(self) -> SortedKeysView[_KT]: ...
+    def items(self) -> SortedItemsView[_KT, _VT]: ...
+    def values(self) -> SortedValuesView[_VT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def pop(self, key: _KT) -> _VT: ...
+    @overload
+    def pop(self, key: _KT, default: _T = ...) -> Union[_VT, _T]: ...
+    def popitem(self, index: int = ...) -> Tuple[_KT, _VT]: ...
+    def peekitem(self, index: int = ...) -> Tuple[_KT, _VT]: ...
+    def setdefault(self, key: _KT, default: Optional[_VT] = ...) -> _VT: ...
+    @overload
+    def update(self, __map: Mapping[_KT, _VT], **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def update(self, __iterable: Iterable[Tuple[_KT, _VT]], **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def update(self, **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ...
+    def __reduce__(
+        self,
+    ) -> Tuple[
+        Type[SortedDict[_KT, _VT]], Tuple[Callable[[_KT], Any], List[Tuple[_KT, _VT]]],
+    ]: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+    def _check(self) -> None: ...
+    def islice(
+        self, start: Optional[int] = ..., stop: Optional[int] = ..., reverse=bool,
+    ) -> Iterator[_KT]: ...
+    def bisect_left(self, value: _KT) -> int: ...
+    def bisect_right(self, value: _KT) -> int: ...
+
+class SortedKeysView(KeysView[_KT_co], Sequence[_KT_co]):
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> _KT_co: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: slice) -> List[_KT_co]: ...
+    def __delitem__(self, index: Union[int, slice]) -> None: ...
+
+class SortedItemsView(  # type: ignore
+    ItemsView[_KT_co, _VT_co], Sequence[Tuple[_KT_co, _VT_co]]
+):
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[_KT_co, _VT_co]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> Tuple[_KT_co, _VT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: slice) -> List[Tuple[_KT_co, _VT_co]]: ...
+    def __delitem__(self, index: Union[int, slice]) -> None: ...
+
+class SortedValuesView(ValuesView[_VT_co], Sequence[_VT_co]):
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> _VT_co: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: slice) -> List[_VT_co]: ...
+    def __delitem__(self, index: Union[int, slice]) -> None: ...
diff --git a/stubs/txredisapi.pyi b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..763d3fb40467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/txredisapi.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Contains *incomplete* type hints for txredisapi.
+"""
+
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+class RedisProtocol:
+    def publish(self, channel: str, message: bytes): ...
+
+class SubscriberProtocol:
+    def subscribe(self, channels: Union[str, List[str]]): ...
+
+def lazyConnection(
+    host: str = ...,
+    port: int = ...,
+    dbid: Optional[int] = ...,
+    reconnect: bool = ...,
+    charset: str = ...,
+    password: Optional[str] = ...,
+    connectTimeout: Optional[int] = ...,
+    replyTimeout: Optional[int] = ...,
+    convertNumbers: bool = ...,
+) -> RedisProtocol: ...
+
+class SubscriberFactory:
+    def buildProtocol(self, addr): ...
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 3bf2d0245051..d8d340f4268a 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-__version__ = "1.12.3"
+__version__ = "1.12.4"
 
 if bool(os.environ.get("SYNAPSE_TEST_PATCH_LOG_CONTEXTS", False)):
     # We import here so that we don't have to install a bunch of deps when
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index fda2c2e5bbf8..bcaf2c3600e4 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ class EventTypes(object):
 
     Retention = "m.room.retention"
 
+    Presence = "m.presence"
+
 
 class RejectedReason(object):
     AUTH_ERROR = "auth_error"
diff --git a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
index 1c7c6ec0c876..a37818fe9ab2 100644
--- a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
+++ b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.receipts import SlavedReceiptsStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
@@ -79,17 +78,6 @@ def _listen_http(self, listener_config):
     def start_listening(self, listeners):
         pass
 
-    def build_tcp_replication(self):
-        return AdminCmdReplicationHandler(self)
-
-
-class AdminCmdReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
-        pass
-
-    def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
-        return {}
-
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
 def export_data_command(hs, args):
diff --git a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
index 174bef360f38..2a56fe0bd5de 100644
--- a/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/app/generic_worker.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 import contextlib
 import logging
 import sys
+from typing import Dict, Iterable
+
+from typing_extensions import ContextManager
 
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 from twisted.web.resource import NoResource
@@ -38,14 +41,14 @@
 from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
 from synapse.federation import send_queue
 from synapse.federation.transport.server import TransportLayerServer
-from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceHandler, get_interested_parties
+from synapse.handlers.presence import BasePresenceHandler, get_interested_parties
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_object_from_request
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
 from synapse.metrics import METRICS_PREFIX, MetricsResource, RegistryProxy
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore, __func__
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.account_data import SlavedAccountDataStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.appservice import SlavedApplicationServiceStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.client_ips import SlavedClientIpStore
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.room import RoomStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.transactions import SlavedTransactionStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationDataHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ClearUserSyncsCommand
 from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import (
     AccountDataStream,
@@ -110,6 +113,10 @@
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import groups, sync, user_directory
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha._base import client_patterns
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.account import ThreepidRestServlet
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.account_data import (
+    AccountDataServlet,
+    RoomAccountDataServlet,
+)
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.keys import KeyChangesServlet, KeyQueryServlet
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.register import RegisterRestServlet
 from synapse.rest.client.versions import VersionsRestServlet
@@ -221,23 +228,32 @@ async def on_POST(self, request, device_id):
             return 200, {"one_time_key_counts": result}
 
 
+class _NullContextManager(ContextManager[None]):
+    """A context manager which does nothing."""
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        pass
+
+
 UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS = 10 * 1000
 
 
-class GenericWorkerPresence(object):
+class GenericWorkerPresence(BasePresenceHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs):
+        super().__init__(hs)
         self.hs = hs
         self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
         self.http_client = hs.get_simple_http_client()
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.user_to_num_current_syncs = {}
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+
+        self._presence_enabled = hs.config.use_presence
+
+        # The number of ongoing syncs on this process, by user id.
+        # Empty if _presence_enabled is false.
+        self._user_to_num_current_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
+
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
         self.instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
 
-        active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
-        self.user_to_current_state = {state.user_id: state for state in active_presence}
-
         # user_id -> last_sync_ms. Lists the users that have stopped syncing
         # but we haven't notified the master of that yet
         self.users_going_offline = {}
@@ -255,13 +271,13 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         )
 
     def _on_shutdown(self):
-        if self.hs.config.use_presence:
+        if self._presence_enabled:
             self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_command(
                 ClearUserSyncsCommand(self.instance_id)
             )
 
     def send_user_sync(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
-        if self.hs.config.use_presence:
+        if self._presence_enabled:
             self.hs.get_tcp_replication().send_user_sync(
                 self.instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
             )
@@ -303,28 +319,33 @@ def set_state(self, user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
         # TODO Hows this supposed to work?
         return defer.succeed(None)
 
-    get_states = __func__(PresenceHandler.get_states)
-    get_state = __func__(PresenceHandler.get_state)
-    current_state_for_users = __func__(PresenceHandler.current_state_for_users)
+    async def user_syncing(
+        self, user_id: str, affect_presence: bool
+    ) -> ContextManager[None]:
+        """Record that a user is syncing.
+
+        Called by the sync and events servlets to record that a user has connected to
+        this worker and is waiting for some events.
+        """
+        if not affect_presence or not self._presence_enabled:
+            return _NullContextManager()
 
-    def user_syncing(self, user_id, affect_presence):
-        if affect_presence:
-            curr_sync = self.user_to_num_current_syncs.get(user_id, 0)
-            self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] = curr_sync + 1
+        curr_sync = self._user_to_num_current_syncs.get(user_id, 0)
+        self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] = curr_sync + 1
 
-            # If we went from no in flight sync to some, notify replication
-            if self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 1:
-                self.mark_as_coming_online(user_id)
+        # If we went from no in flight sync to some, notify replication
+        if self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 1:
+            self.mark_as_coming_online(user_id)
 
         def _end():
             # We check that the user_id is in user_to_num_current_syncs because
             # user_to_num_current_syncs may have been cleared if we are
             # shutting down.
-            if affect_presence and user_id in self.user_to_num_current_syncs:
-                self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] -= 1
+            if user_id in self._user_to_num_current_syncs:
+                self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] -= 1
 
                 # If we went from one in flight sync to non, notify replication
-                if self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 0:
+                if self._user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] == 0:
                     self.mark_as_going_offline(user_id)
 
         @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -334,7 +355,7 @@ def _user_syncing():
             finally:
                 _end()
 
-        return defer.succeed(_user_syncing())
+        return _user_syncing()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def notify_from_replication(self, states, stream_id):
@@ -369,15 +390,12 @@ def process_replication_rows(self, token, rows):
         stream_id = token
         yield self.notify_from_replication(states, stream_id)
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        if self.hs.config.use_presence:
-            return [
-                user_id
-                for user_id, count in self.user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
-                if count > 0
-            ]
-        else:
-            return set()
+    def get_currently_syncing_users_for_replication(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return [
+            user_id
+            for user_id, count in self._user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
+            if count > 0
+        ]
 
 
 class GenericWorkerTyping(object):
@@ -501,6 +519,8 @@ def _listen_http(self, listener_config):
                     ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     ProfileRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     KeyUploadServlet(self).register(resource)
+                    AccountDataServlet(self).register(resource)
+                    RoomAccountDataServlet(self).register(resource)
 
                     sync.register_servlets(self, resource)
                     events.register_servlets(self, resource)
@@ -603,7 +623,7 @@ def start_listening(self, listeners):
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
         self.get_tcp_replication().send_remove_pusher(app_id, push_key, user_id)
 
-    def build_tcp_replication(self):
+    def build_replication_data_handler(self):
         return GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(self)
 
     def build_presence_handler(self):
@@ -613,14 +633,13 @@ def build_typing_handler(self):
         return GenericWorkerTyping(self)
 
 
-class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
+class GenericWorkerReplicationHandler(ReplicationDataHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GenericWorkerReplicationHandler, self).__init__(hs.get_datastore())
 
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.typing_handler = hs.get_typing_handler()
-        # NB this is a SynchrotronPresence, not a normal PresenceHandler
-        self.presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+        self.presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()  # type: GenericWorkerPresence
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
 
         self.notify_pushers = hs.config.start_pushers
@@ -644,9 +663,6 @@ def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
             args.update(self.send_handler.stream_positions())
         return args
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        return self.presence_handler.get_currently_syncing_users()
-
     async def process_and_notify(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         try:
             if self.send_handler:
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index c39bc13304fd..e70a886cbb31 100644
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -272,6 +272,12 @@ def _configure_named_resource(self, name, compress=False):
     def start_listening(self, listeners):
         config = self.get_config()
 
+        if config.redis_enabled:
+            # If redis is enabled we connect via the replication command handler
+            # in the same way as the workers (since we're effectively a client
+            # rather than a server).
+            self.get_tcp_replication().start_replication(self)
+
         for listener in listeners:
             if listener["type"] == "http":
                 self._listening_services.extend(self._listener_http(config, listener))
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index efe2af5504b2..bfa9d28999ff 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -468,8 +468,8 @@ def load_or_generate_config(cls, description, argv):
 
         Returns: Config object, or None if --generate-config or --generate-keys was set
         """
-        config_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
-        config_parser.add_argument(
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
+        parser.add_argument(
             "-c",
             "--config-path",
             action="append",
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ def load_or_generate_config(cls, description, argv):
             " may specify directories containing *.yaml files.",
         )
 
-        generate_group = config_parser.add_argument_group("Config generation")
+        generate_group = parser.add_argument_group("Config generation")
         generate_group.add_argument(
             "--generate-config",
             action="store_true",
@@ -526,12 +526,13 @@ def load_or_generate_config(cls, description, argv):
             ),
         )
 
-        config_args, remaining_args = config_parser.parse_known_args(argv)
+        cls.invoke_all_static("add_arguments", parser)
+        config_args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
         config_files = find_config_files(search_paths=config_args.config_path)
 
         if not config_files:
-            config_parser.error(
+            parser.error(
                 "Must supply a config file.\nA config file can be automatically"
                 ' generated using "--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME'
                 ' -c CONFIG-FILE"'
@@ -550,7 +551,7 @@ def load_or_generate_config(cls, description, argv):
 
         if config_args.generate_config:
             if config_args.report_stats is None:
-                config_parser.error(
+                parser.error(
                     "Please specify either --report-stats=yes or --report-stats=no\n\n"
                     + MISSING_REPORT_STATS_SPIEL
                 )
@@ -609,15 +610,6 @@ def load_or_generate_config(cls, description, argv):
                 )
                 generate_missing_configs = True
 
-        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-            parents=[config_parser],
-            description=description,
-            formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-        )
-
-        obj.invoke_all_static("add_arguments", parser)
-        args = parser.parse_args(remaining_args)
-
         config_dict = read_config_files(config_files)
         if generate_missing_configs:
             obj.generate_missing_files(config_dict, config_dir_path)
@@ -626,7 +618,7 @@ def load_or_generate_config(cls, description, argv):
         obj.parse_config_dict(
             config_dict, config_dir_path=config_dir_path, data_dir_path=data_dir_path
         )
-        obj.invoke_all("read_arguments", args)
+        obj.invoke_all("read_arguments", config_args)
 
         return obj
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/cache.py b/synapse/config/cache.py
index 2eeaf146fd18..5b831def2b31 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cache.py
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
         cache_config = config.get("caches", {})
 
         self.global_factor = cache_config.get(
-            "global_factor", CACHE_PROPERTIES["default_cache_size_factor"]
+            "global_factor", CACHE_PROPERTIES["default_size_factor"]
         )
         if not isinstance(self.global_factor, (int, float)):
             raise ConfigError("caches.global_factor must be a number.")
 
         # Set the global one so that it's reflected in new caches
-        CACHE_PROPERTIES["default_cache_size_factor"] = self.global_factor
+        CACHE_PROPERTIES["default_size_factor"] = self.global_factor
 
         # Load cache factors from the environment, but override them with the
         # ones in the config file if they exist
diff --git a/synapse/config/homeserver.py b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
index a55cf81e68c7..23afad79e246 100644
--- a/synapse/config/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/config/homeserver.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 from .password_auth_providers import PasswordAuthProviderConfig
 from .push import PushConfig
 from .ratelimiting import RatelimitConfig
+from .redis import RedisConfig
 from .registration import RegistrationConfig
 from .repository import ContentRepositoryConfig
 from .room_directory import RoomDirectoryConfig
@@ -83,5 +84,6 @@ class HomeServerConfig(RootConfig):
         RoomDirectoryConfig,
         ThirdPartyRulesConfig,
         TracerConfig,
+        RedisConfig,
         CacheConfig,
     ]
diff --git a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
index 9746bbc6816b..4fda8ae987c8 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
         if ldap_config.get("enabled", False):
             providers.append({"module": LDAP_PROVIDER, "config": ldap_config})
 
-        providers.extend(config.get("password_providers", []))
+        providers.extend(config.get("password_providers") or [])
         for provider in providers:
             mod_name = provider["module"]
 
@@ -52,7 +52,19 @@ def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
 
     def generate_config_section(self, **kwargs):
         return """\
-        #password_providers:
+        # Password providers allow homeserver administrators to integrate
+        # their Synapse installation with existing authentication methods
+        # ex. LDAP, external tokens, etc.
+        #
+        # For more information and known implementations, please see
+        # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/password_auth_providers.md
+        #
+        # Note: instances wishing to use SAML or CAS authentication should
+        # instead use the `saml2_config` or `cas_config` options,
+        # respectively.
+        #
+        password_providers:
+        #    # Example config for an LDAP auth provider
         #    - module: "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
         #      config:
         #        enabled: true
diff --git a/synapse/config/redis.py b/synapse/config/redis.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81a27619ec7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/config/redis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.config._base import Config
+from synapse.python_dependencies import check_requirements
+
+
+class RedisConfig(Config):
+    section = "redis"
+
+    def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
+        redis_config = config.get("redis", {})
+        self.redis_enabled = redis_config.get("enabled", False)
+
+        if not self.redis_enabled:
+            return
+
+        check_requirements("redis")
+
+        self.redis_host = redis_config.get("host", "localhost")
+        self.redis_port = redis_config.get("port", 6379)
+        self.redis_dbid = redis_config.get("dbid")
+        self.redis_password = redis_config.get("password")
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 7d2dd27fd0a1..9d2ce20220a4 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
 
             self.url_preview_url_blacklist = config.get("url_preview_url_blacklist", ())
 
+            self.url_preview_accept_language = config.get(
+                "url_preview_accept_language"
+            ) or ["en"]
+
     def generate_config_section(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         media_store = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "media_store")
         uploads_path = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "uploads")
@@ -220,12 +224,11 @@ def generate_config_section(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         #
         #media_storage_providers:
         #  - module: file_system
-        #    # Whether to write new local files.
+        #    # Whether to store newly uploaded local files
         #    store_local: false
-        #    # Whether to write new remote media
+        #    # Whether to store newly downloaded remote files
         #    store_remote: false
-        #    # Whether to block upload requests waiting for write to this
-        #    # provider to complete
+        #    # Whether to wait for successful storage for local uploads
         #    store_synchronous: false
         #    config:
         #       directory: /mnt/some/other/directory
@@ -329,6 +332,31 @@ def generate_config_section(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         # The largest allowed URL preview spidering size in bytes
         #
         #max_spider_size: 10M
+
+        # A list of values for the Accept-Language HTTP header used when
+        # downloading webpages during URL preview generation. This allows
+        # Synapse to specify the preferred languages that URL previews should
+        # be in when communicating with remote servers.
+        #
+        # Each value is a IETF language tag; a 2-3 letter identifier for a
+        # language, optionally followed by subtags separated by '-', specifying
+        # a country or region variant.
+        #
+        # Multiple values can be provided, and a weight can be added to each by
+        # using quality value syntax (;q=). '*' translates to any language.
+        #
+        # Defaults to "en".
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        # url_preview_accept_language:
+        #   - en-UK
+        #   - en-US;q=0.9
+        #   - fr;q=0.8
+        #   - *;q=0.7
+        #
+        url_preview_accept_language:
+        #   - en
         """
             % locals()
         )
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
index 8fe64d90f857..726a27d7b20a 100644
--- a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
@@ -248,32 +248,32 @@ def generate_config_section(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
           #    remote:
           #      - url: https://our_idp/metadata.xml
           #
-          #    # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
-          #    # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
-          #    # 'service.sp' section:
-          #    #
-          #    #service:
-          #    #  sp:
-          #    #    allow_unsolicited: true
+          #  # By default, the user has to go to our login page first. If you'd like
+          #  # to allow IdP-initiated login, set 'allow_unsolicited: true' in a
+          #  # 'service.sp' section:
+          #  #
+          #  #service:
+          #  #  sp:
+          #  #    allow_unsolicited: true
           #
-          #    # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
-          #    # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
-          #    # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
+          #  # The examples below are just used to generate our metadata xml, and you
+          #  # may well not need them, depending on your setup. Alternatively you
+          #  # may need a whole lot more detail - see the pysaml2 docs!
           #
-          #    description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
-          #    name: ["Test SP", "en"]
+          #  description: ["My awesome SP", "en"]
+          #  name: ["Test SP", "en"]
           #
-          #    organization:
-          #      name: Example com
-          #      display_name:
-          #        - ["Example co", "en"]
-          #      url: "http://example.com"
+          #  organization:
+          #    name: Example com
+          #    display_name:
+          #      - ["Example co", "en"]
+          #    url: "http://example.com"
           #
-          #    contact_person:
-          #      - given_name: Bob
-          #        sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
-          #        email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
-          #        contact_type": technical
+          #  contact_person:
+          #    - given_name: Bob
+          #      sur_name: "the Sysadmin"
+          #      email_address": ["admin@example.com"]
+          #      contact_type": technical
 
           # Instead of putting the config inline as above, you can specify a
           # separate pysaml2 configuration file:
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 28e2a031fbf7..c6d58effd419 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -507,6 +507,17 @@ class LimitRemoteRoomsConfig(object):
 
         self.enable_ephemeral_messages = config.get("enable_ephemeral_messages", False)
 
+        # Inhibits the /requestToken endpoints from returning an error that might leak
+        # information about whether an e-mail address is in use or not on this
+        # homeserver, and instead return a 200 with a fake sid if this kind of error is
+        # met, without sending anything.
+        # This is a compromise between sending an email, which could be a spam vector,
+        # and letting the client know which email address is bound to an account and
+        # which one isn't.
+        self.request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors = config.get(
+            "request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors", False,
+        )
+
     def has_tls_listener(self) -> bool:
         return any(l["tls"] for l in self.listeners)
 
@@ -972,6 +983,16 @@ def generate_config_section(
           #  - shortest_max_lifetime: 3d
           #    longest_max_lifetime: 1y
           #    interval: 1d
+
+        # Inhibits the /requestToken endpoints from returning an error that might leak
+        # information about whether an e-mail address is in use or not on this
+        # homeserver.
+        # Note that for some endpoints the error situation is the e-mail already being
+        # used, and for others the error is entering the e-mail being unused.
+        # If this option is enabled, instead of returning an error, these endpoints will
+        # act as if no error happened and return a fake session ID ('sid') to clients.
+        #
+        #request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors: true
         """
             % locals()
         )
diff --git a/synapse/config/sso.py b/synapse/config/sso.py
index ec3dca9efce0..6cd37d432477 100644
--- a/synapse/config/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/config/sso.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import os
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import pkg_resources
@@ -36,6 +37,18 @@ def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
             template_dir = pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates",)
 
         self.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir = template_dir
+        self.sso_account_deactivated_template = self.read_file(
+            os.path.join(
+                self.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, "sso_account_deactivated.html"
+            ),
+            "sso_account_deactivated_template",
+        )
+        self.sso_auth_success_template = self.read_file(
+            os.path.join(
+                self.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, "sso_auth_success.html"
+            ),
+            "sso_auth_success_template",
+        )
 
         self.sso_client_whitelist = sso_config.get("client_whitelist") or []
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 89d521bc3199..32a8a2ee469d 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Match, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import six
 from six import iteritems
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     UnsupportedRoomVersionError,
 )
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.federation.persistence import TransactionActions
 from synapse.federation.units import Edu, Transaction
@@ -94,7 +95,9 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         # come in waves.
         self._state_resp_cache = ResponseCache(hs, "state_resp", timeout_ms=30000)
 
-    async def on_backfill_request(self, origin, room_id, versions, limit):
+    async def on_backfill_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, versions: List[str], limit: int
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -107,23 +110,25 @@ async def on_backfill_request(self, origin, room_id, versions, limit):
 
         return 200, res
 
-    async def on_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction_data):
+    async def on_incoming_transaction(
+        self, origin: str, transaction_data: JsonDict
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         # keep this as early as possible to make the calculated origin ts as
         # accurate as possible.
         request_time = self._clock.time_msec()
 
         transaction = Transaction(**transaction_data)
 
-        if not transaction.transaction_id:
+        if not transaction.transaction_id:  # type: ignore
             raise Exception("Transaction missing transaction_id")
 
-        logger.debug("[%s] Got transaction", transaction.transaction_id)
+        logger.debug("[%s] Got transaction", transaction.transaction_id)  # type: ignore
 
         # use a linearizer to ensure that we don't process the same transaction
         # multiple times in parallel.
         with (
             await self._transaction_linearizer.queue(
-                (origin, transaction.transaction_id)
+                (origin, transaction.transaction_id)  # type: ignore
             )
         ):
             result = await self._handle_incoming_transaction(
@@ -132,31 +137,33 @@ async def on_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction_data):
 
         return result
 
-    async def _handle_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction, request_time):
+    async def _handle_incoming_transaction(
+        self, origin: str, transaction: Transaction, request_time: int
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         """ Process an incoming transaction and return the HTTP response
 
         Args:
-            origin (unicode): the server making the request
-            transaction (Transaction): incoming transaction
-            request_time (int): timestamp that the HTTP request arrived at
+            origin: the server making the request
+            transaction: incoming transaction
+            request_time: timestamp that the HTTP request arrived at
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[(int, object)]: http response code and body
+            HTTP response code and body
         """
         response = await self.transaction_actions.have_responded(origin, transaction)
 
         if response:
             logger.debug(
                 "[%s] We've already responded to this request",
-                transaction.transaction_id,
+                transaction.transaction_id,  # type: ignore
             )
             return response
 
-        logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)
+        logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)  # type: ignore
 
         # Reject if PDU count > 50 or EDU count > 100
-        if len(transaction.pdus) > 50 or (
-            hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100
+        if len(transaction.pdus) > 50 or (  # type: ignore
+            hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100  # type: ignore
         ):
 
             logger.info("Transaction PDU or EDU count too large. Returning 400")
@@ -204,13 +211,13 @@ async def _handle_pdus_in_txn(
             report back to the sending server.
         """
 
-        received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))
+        received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))  # type: ignore
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
 
-        pdus_by_room = {}
+        pdus_by_room = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[EventBase]]
 
-        for p in transaction.pdus:
+        for p in transaction.pdus:  # type: ignore
             if "unsigned" in p:
                 unsigned = p["unsigned"]
                 if "age" in unsigned:
@@ -254,7 +261,7 @@ async def _handle_pdus_in_txn(
         # require callouts to other servers to fetch missing events), but
         # impose a limit to avoid going too crazy with ram/cpu.
 
-        async def process_pdus_for_room(room_id):
+        async def process_pdus_for_room(room_id: str):
             logger.debug("Processing PDUs for %s", room_id)
             try:
                 await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -310,7 +317,9 @@ async def _process_edu(edu_dict):
             TRANSACTION_CONCURRENCY_LIMIT,
         )
 
-    async def on_context_state_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_context_state_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
@@ -338,7 +347,9 @@ async def on_context_state_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
 
         return 200, resp
 
-    async def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_state_ids_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         if not event_id:
             raise NotImplementedError("Specify an event")
 
@@ -354,7 +365,9 @@ async def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
 
         return 200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids}
 
-    async def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
+    async def _on_context_state_request_compute(
+        self, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, list]:
         if event_id:
             pdus = await self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
         else:
@@ -367,7 +380,9 @@ async def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
             "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
         }
 
-    async def on_pdu_request(self, origin, event_id):
+    async def on_pdu_request(
+        self, origin: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Union[JsonDict, str]]:
         pdu = await self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
 
         if pdu:
@@ -375,12 +390,16 @@ async def on_pdu_request(self, origin, event_id):
         else:
             return 404, ""
 
-    async def on_query_request(self, query_type, args):
+    async def on_query_request(
+        self, query_type: str, args: Dict[str, str]
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         received_queries_counter.labels(query_type).inc()
         resp = await self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
         return 200, resp
 
-    async def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_versions):
+    async def on_make_join_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, user_id: str, supported_versions: List[str]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
@@ -397,7 +416,7 @@ async def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_version
 
     async def on_invite_request(
         self, origin: str, content: JsonDict, room_version_id: str
-    ):
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         room_version = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.get(room_version_id)
         if not room_version:
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -414,7 +433,9 @@ async def on_invite_request(
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)}
 
-    async def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
+    async def on_send_join_request(
+        self, origin: str, content: JsonDict, room_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
 
         room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
@@ -434,7 +455,9 @@ async def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
             "auth_chain": [p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["auth_chain"]],
         }
 
-    async def on_make_leave_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id):
+    async def on_make_leave_request(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, user_id: str
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
         pdu = await self.handler.on_make_leave_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
@@ -444,7 +467,9 @@ async def on_make_leave_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id):
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
 
-    async def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
+    async def on_send_leave_request(
+        self, origin: str, content: JsonDict, room_id: str
+    ) -> dict:
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: content: %s", content)
 
         room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
@@ -460,7 +485,9 @@ async def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         await self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
         return {}
 
-    async def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_event_auth(
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, event_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -471,15 +498,21 @@ async def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
         return 200, res
 
     @log_function
-    def on_query_client_keys(self, origin, content):
-        return self.on_query_request("client_keys", content)
-
-    async def on_query_user_devices(self, origin: str, user_id: str):
+    async def on_query_client_keys(
+        self, origin: str, content: Dict[str, str]
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
+        return await self.on_query_request("client_keys", content)
+
+    async def on_query_user_devices(
+        self, origin: str, user_id: str
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
         keys = await self.device_handler.on_federation_query_user_devices(user_id)
         return 200, keys
 
     @trace
-    async def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
+    async def on_claim_client_keys(
+        self, origin: str, content: JsonDict
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         query = []
         for user_id, device_keys in content.get("one_time_keys", {}).items():
             for device_id, algorithm in device_keys.items():
@@ -488,7 +521,7 @@ async def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
         log_kv({"message": "Claiming one time keys.", "user, device pairs": query})
         results = await self.store.claim_e2e_one_time_keys(query)
 
-        json_result = {}
+        json_result = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]
         for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
             for device_id, keys in device_keys.items():
                 for key_id, json_bytes in keys.items():
@@ -511,8 +544,13 @@ async def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
         return {"one_time_keys": json_result}
 
     async def on_get_missing_events(
-        self, origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
-    ):
+        self,
+        origin: str,
+        room_id: str,
+        earliest_events: List[str],
+        latest_events: List[str],
+        limit: int,
+    ) -> Dict[str, list]:
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -541,11 +579,11 @@ async def on_get_missing_events(
         return {"events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events]}
 
     @log_function
-    def on_openid_userinfo(self, token):
+    async def on_openid_userinfo(self, token: str) -> Optional[str]:
         ts_now_ms = self._clock.time_msec()
-        return self.store.get_user_id_for_open_id_token(token, ts_now_ms)
+        return await self.store.get_user_id_for_open_id_token(token, ts_now_ms)
 
-    def _transaction_from_pdus(self, pdu_list):
+    def _transaction_from_pdus(self, pdu_list: List[EventBase]) -> Transaction:
         """Returns a new Transaction containing the given PDUs suitable for
         transmission.
         """
@@ -558,7 +596,7 @@ def _transaction_from_pdus(self, pdu_list):
             destination=None,
         )
 
-    async def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin, pdu):
+    async def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin: str, pdu: EventBase) -> None:
         """ Process a PDU received in a federation /send/ transaction.
 
         If the event is invalid, then this method throws a FederationError.
@@ -579,10 +617,8 @@ async def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin, pdu):
         until we try to backfill across the discontinuity.
 
         Args:
-            origin (str): server which sent the pdu
-            pdu (FrozenEvent): received pdu
-
-        Returns (Deferred): completes with None
+            origin: server which sent the pdu
+            pdu: received pdu
 
         Raises: FederationError if the signatures / hash do not match, or
             if the event was unacceptable for any other reason (eg, too large,
@@ -625,25 +661,27 @@ def __str__(self):
         return "<ReplicationLayer(%s)>" % self.server_name
 
     async def exchange_third_party_invite(
-        self, sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
+        self, sender_user_id: str, target_user_id: str, room_id: str, signed: Dict
     ):
         ret = await self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
             sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
         )
         return ret
 
-    async def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(self, room_id, event_dict):
+    async def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
+        self, room_id: str, event_dict: Dict
+    ):
         ret = await self.handler.on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
             room_id, event_dict
         )
         return ret
 
-    async def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name, room_id):
+    async def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name: str, room_id: str):
         """Check if the given server is allowed by the server ACLs in the room
 
         Args:
-            server_name (str): name of server, *without any port part*
-            room_id (str): ID of the room to check
+            server_name: name of server, *without any port part*
+            room_id: ID of the room to check
 
         Raises:
             AuthError if the server does not match the ACL
@@ -661,15 +699,15 @@ async def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name, room_id):
         raise AuthError(code=403, msg="Server is banned from room")
 
 
-def server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
+def server_matches_acl_event(server_name: str, acl_event: EventBase) -> bool:
     """Check if the given server is allowed by the ACL event
 
     Args:
-        server_name (str): name of server, without any port part
-        acl_event (EventBase): m.room.server_acl event
+        server_name: name of server, without any port part
+        acl_event: m.room.server_acl event
 
     Returns:
-        bool: True if this server is allowed by the ACLs
+        True if this server is allowed by the ACLs
     """
     logger.debug("Checking %s against acl %s", server_name, acl_event.content)
 
@@ -713,7 +751,7 @@ def server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
     return False
 
 
-def _acl_entry_matches(server_name, acl_entry):
+def _acl_entry_matches(server_name: str, acl_entry: str) -> Match:
     if not isinstance(acl_entry, six.string_types):
         logger.warning(
             "Ignoring non-str ACL entry '%s' (is %s)", acl_entry, type(acl_entry)
@@ -732,13 +770,13 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.edu_handlers = {}
         self.query_handlers = {}
 
-    def register_edu_handler(self, edu_type, handler):
+    def register_edu_handler(self, edu_type: str, handler: Callable[[str, dict], None]):
         """Sets the handler callable that will be used to handle an incoming
         federation EDU of the given type.
 
         Args:
-            edu_type (str): The type of the incoming EDU to register handler for
-            handler (Callable[[str, dict]]): A callable invoked on incoming EDU
+            edu_type: The type of the incoming EDU to register handler for
+            handler: A callable invoked on incoming EDU
                 of the given type. The arguments are the origin server name and
                 the EDU contents.
         """
@@ -749,14 +787,16 @@ def register_edu_handler(self, edu_type, handler):
 
         self.edu_handlers[edu_type] = handler
 
-    def register_query_handler(self, query_type, handler):
+    def register_query_handler(
+        self, query_type: str, handler: Callable[[dict], defer.Deferred]
+    ):
         """Sets the handler callable that will be used to handle an incoming
         federation query of the given type.
 
         Args:
-            query_type (str): Category name of the query, which should match
+            query_type: Category name of the query, which should match
                 the string used by make_query.
-            handler (Callable[[dict], Deferred[dict]]): Invoked to handle
+            handler: Invoked to handle
                 incoming queries of this type. The return will be yielded
                 on and the result used as the response to the query request.
         """
@@ -767,10 +807,11 @@ def register_query_handler(self, query_type, handler):
 
         self.query_handlers[query_type] = handler
 
-    async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
+    async def on_edu(self, edu_type: str, origin: str, content: dict):
         handler = self.edu_handlers.get(edu_type)
         if not handler:
             logger.warning("No handler registered for EDU type %s", edu_type)
+            return
 
         with start_active_span_from_edu(content, "handle_edu"):
             try:
@@ -780,7 +821,7 @@ async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Failed to handle edu %r", edu_type)
 
-    def on_query(self, query_type, args):
+    def on_query(self, query_type: str, args: dict) -> defer.Deferred:
         handler = self.query_handlers.get(query_type)
         if not handler:
             logger.warning("No handler registered for query type %s", query_type)
@@ -807,7 +848,7 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
 
         super(ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry, self).__init__()
 
-    async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
+    async def on_edu(self, edu_type: str, origin: str, content: dict):
         """Overrides FederationHandlerRegistry
         """
         if not self.config.use_presence and edu_type == "m.presence":
@@ -821,7 +862,7 @@ async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
 
         return await self._send_edu(edu_type=edu_type, origin=origin, content=content)
 
-    async def on_query(self, query_type, args):
+    async def on_query(self, query_type: str, args: dict):
         """Overrides FederationHandlerRegistry
         """
         handler = self.query_handlers.get(query_type)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index dc563538deb6..383e3fdc8bef 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -399,20 +399,30 @@ def query_client_keys(self, destination, query_content, timeout):
             {
               "device_keys": {
                 "<user_id>": ["<device_id>"]
-            } }
+              }
+            }
 
         Response:
             {
               "device_keys": {
                 "<user_id>": {
                   "<device_id>": {...}
-            } } }
+                }
+              },
+              "master_key": {
+                "<user_id>": {...}
+                }
+              },
+              "self_signing_key": {
+                "<user_id>": {...}
+              }
+            }
 
         Args:
             destination(str): The server to query.
             query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
         Returns:
-            A dict containg the device keys.
+            A dict containing device and cross-signing keys.
         """
         path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/query")
 
@@ -429,14 +439,30 @@ def query_user_devices(self, destination, user_id, timeout):
         Response:
             {
               "stream_id": "...",
-              "devices": [ { ... } ]
+              "devices": [ { ... } ],
+              "master_key": {
+                "user_id": "<user_id>",
+                "usage": [...],
+                "keys": {...},
+                "signatures": {
+                  "<user_id>": {...}
+                }
+              },
+              "self_signing_key": {
+                "user_id": "<user_id>",
+                "usage": [...],
+                "keys": {...},
+                "signatures": {
+                  "<user_id>": {...}
+                }
+              }
             }
 
         Args:
             destination(str): The server to query.
             query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
         Returns:
-            A dict containg the device keys.
+            A dict containing device and cross-signing keys.
         """
         path = _create_v1_path("/user/devices/%s", user_id)
 
@@ -454,8 +480,10 @@ def claim_client_keys(self, destination, query_content, timeout):
             {
               "one_time_keys": {
                 "<user_id>": {
-                    "<device_id>": "<algorithm>"
-            } } }
+                  "<device_id>": "<algorithm>"
+                }
+              }
+            }
 
         Response:
             {
@@ -463,13 +491,16 @@ def claim_client_keys(self, destination, query_content, timeout):
                 "<user_id>": {
                   "<device_id>": {
                     "<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<key_base64>"
-            } } } }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
 
         Args:
             destination(str): The server to query.
             query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
         Returns:
-            A dict containg the one-time keys.
+            A dict containing the one-time keys.
         """
 
         path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/claim")
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 7c09d15a7245..dbe165ce1ed5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@
 import time
 import unicodedata
 import urllib.parse
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import attr
 import bcrypt  # type: ignore[import]
 import pymacaroons
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 import synapse.util.stringutils as stringutils
 from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import (
@@ -53,31 +51,6 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-SUCCESS_TEMPLATE = """
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>Success!</title>
-<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1,
-    user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="/_matrix/static/client/register/style.css">
-<script>
-if (window.onAuthDone) {
-    window.onAuthDone();
-} else if (window.opener && window.opener.postMessage) {
-     window.opener.postMessage("authDone", "*");
-}
-</script>
-</head>
-<body>
-    <div>
-        <p>Thank you</p>
-        <p>You may now close this window and return to the application</p>
-    </div>
-</body>
-</html>
-"""
-
-
 class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
     SESSION_EXPIRE_MS = 48 * 60 * 60 * 1000
 
@@ -116,7 +89,7 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs = hs  # FIXME better possibility to access registrationHandler later?
         self.macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
         self._password_enabled = hs.config.password_enabled
-        self._saml2_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled
+        self._sso_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled or hs.config.cas_enabled
 
         # we keep this as a list despite the O(N^2) implication so that we can
         # keep PASSWORD first and avoid confusing clients which pick the first
@@ -136,7 +109,7 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         # necessarily identical. Login types have SSO (and other login types)
         # added in the rest layer, see synapse.rest.client.v1.login.LoginRestServerlet.on_GET.
         ui_auth_types = login_types.copy()
-        if self._saml2_enabled:
+        if self._sso_enabled:
             ui_auth_types.append(LoginType.SSO)
         self._supported_ui_auth_types = ui_auth_types
 
@@ -161,21 +134,28 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self._sso_auth_confirm_template = load_jinja2_templates(
             hs.config.sso_redirect_confirm_template_dir, ["sso_auth_confirm.html"],
         )[0]
+        # The following template is shown after a successful user interactive
+        # authentication session. It tells the user they can close the window.
+        self._sso_auth_success_template = hs.config.sso_auth_success_template
+        # The following template is shown during the SSO authentication process if
+        # the account is deactivated.
+        self._sso_account_deactivated_template = (
+            hs.config.sso_account_deactivated_template
+        )
 
         self._server_name = hs.config.server_name
 
         # cast to tuple for use with str.startswith
         self._whitelisted_sso_clients = tuple(hs.config.sso_client_whitelist)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
+    async def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
         self,
         requester: Requester,
         request: SynapseRequest,
         request_body: Dict[str, Any],
         clientip: str,
         description: str,
-    ):
+    ) -> dict:
         """
         Checks that the user is who they claim to be, via a UI auth.
 
@@ -196,7 +176,7 @@ def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
                          describes the operation happening on their account.
 
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[dict]: the parameters for this request (which may
+            The parameters for this request (which may
                 have been given only in a previous call).
 
         Raises:
@@ -226,7 +206,7 @@ def validate_user_via_ui_auth(
         flows = [[login_type] for login_type in self._supported_ui_auth_types]
 
         try:
-            result, params, _ = yield self.check_auth(
+            result, params, _ = await self.check_auth(
                 flows, request, request_body, clientip, description
             )
         except LoginError:
@@ -265,23 +245,18 @@ def get_enabled_auth_types(self):
         """
         return self.checkers.keys()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_auth(
+    async def check_auth(
         self,
         flows: List[List[str]],
         request: SynapseRequest,
         clientdict: Dict[str, Any],
         clientip: str,
         description: str,
-    ):
+    ) -> Tuple[dict, dict, str]:
         """
         Takes a dictionary sent by the client in the login / registration
         protocol and handles the User-Interactive Auth flow.
 
-        As a side effect, this function fills in the 'creds' key on the user's
-        session with a map, which maps each auth-type (str) to the relevant
-        identity authenticated by that auth-type (mostly str, but for captcha, bool).
-
         If no auth flows have been completed successfully, raises an
         InteractiveAuthIncompleteError. To handle this, you can use
         synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha._base.interactive_auth_handler as a
@@ -303,8 +278,7 @@ def check_auth(
                          describes the operation happening on their account.
 
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[dict, dict, str]: a deferred tuple of
-                (creds, params, session_id).
+            A tuple of (creds, params, session_id).
 
                 'creds' contains the authenticated credentials of each stage.
 
@@ -326,50 +300,47 @@ def check_auth(
             del clientdict["auth"]
             if "session" in authdict:
                 sid = authdict["session"]
-        session = self._get_session_info(sid)
-
-        if len(clientdict) > 0:
-            # This was designed to allow the client to omit the parameters
-            # and just supply the session in subsequent calls so it split
-            # auth between devices by just sharing the session, (eg. so you
-            # could continue registration from your phone having clicked the
-            # email auth link on there). It's probably too open to abuse
-            # because it lets unauthenticated clients store arbitrary objects
-            # on a homeserver.
-            # Revisit: Assuming the REST APIs do sensible validation, the data
-            # isn't arbintrary.
-            session["clientdict"] = clientdict
-            self._save_session(session)
-        elif "clientdict" in session:
-            clientdict = session["clientdict"]
-
-        # Ensure that the queried operation does not vary between stages of
-        # the UI authentication session. This is done by generating a stable
-        # comparator based on the URI, method, and body (minus the auth dict)
-        # and storing it during the initial query. Subsequent queries ensure
-        # that this comparator has not changed.
-        comparator = (request.uri, request.method, clientdict)
-        if "ui_auth" not in session:
-            session["ui_auth"] = comparator
-            self._save_session(session)
-        elif session["ui_auth"] != comparator:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                403,
-                "Requested operation has changed during the UI authentication session.",
+
+        # If there's no session ID, create a new session.
+        if not sid:
+            session = self._create_session(
+                clientdict, (request.uri, request.method, clientdict), description
             )
+            session_id = session["id"]
 
-        # Add a human readable description to the session.
-        if "description" not in session:
-            session["description"] = description
-            self._save_session(session)
+        else:
+            session = self._get_session_info(sid)
+            session_id = sid
+
+            if not clientdict:
+                # This was designed to allow the client to omit the parameters
+                # and just supply the session in subsequent calls so it split
+                # auth between devices by just sharing the session, (eg. so you
+                # could continue registration from your phone having clicked the
+                # email auth link on there). It's probably too open to abuse
+                # because it lets unauthenticated clients store arbitrary objects
+                # on a homeserver.
+                # Revisit: Assuming the REST APIs do sensible validation, the data
+                # isn't arbitrary.
+                clientdict = session["clientdict"]
+
+            # Ensure that the queried operation does not vary between stages of
+            # the UI authentication session. This is done by generating a stable
+            # comparator based on the URI, method, and body (minus the auth dict)
+            # and storing it during the initial query. Subsequent queries ensure
+            # that this comparator has not changed.
+            comparator = (request.uri, request.method, clientdict)
+            if session["ui_auth"] != comparator:
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    403,
+                    "Requested operation has changed during the UI authentication session.",
+                )
 
         if not authdict:
             raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(
-                self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
+                self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session_id)
             )
 
-        if "creds" not in session:
-            session["creds"] = {}
         creds = session["creds"]
 
         # check auth type currently being presented
@@ -377,7 +348,7 @@ def check_auth(
         if "type" in authdict:
             login_type = authdict["type"]  # type: str
             try:
-                result = yield self._check_auth_dict(authdict, clientip)
+                result = await self._check_auth_dict(authdict, clientip)
                 if result:
                     creds[login_type] = result
                     self._save_session(session)
@@ -409,15 +380,16 @@ def check_auth(
                     list(clientdict),
                 )
 
-                return creds, clientdict, session["id"]
+                return creds, clientdict, session_id
 
-        ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
+        ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session_id)
         ret["completed"] = list(creds)
         ret.update(errordict)
         raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(ret)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_oob_auth(self, stagetype: str, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
+    async def add_oob_auth(
+        self, stagetype: str, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str
+    ) -> bool:
         """
         Adds the result of out-of-band authentication into an existing auth
         session. Currently used for adding the result of fallback auth.
@@ -428,11 +400,9 @@ def add_oob_auth(self, stagetype: str, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
             raise LoginError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
         sess = self._get_session_info(authdict["session"])
-        if "creds" not in sess:
-            sess["creds"] = {}
         creds = sess["creds"]
 
-        result = yield self.checkers[stagetype].check_auth(authdict, clientip)
+        result = await self.checkers[stagetype].check_auth(authdict, clientip)
         if result:
             creds[stagetype] = result
             self._save_session(sess)
@@ -469,7 +439,7 @@ def set_session_data(self, session_id: str, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
             value: The data to store
         """
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        sess.setdefault("serverdict", {})[key] = value
+        sess["serverdict"][key] = value
         self._save_session(sess)
 
     def get_session_data(
@@ -484,10 +454,11 @@ def get_session_data(
             default: Value to return if the key has not been set
         """
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        return sess.setdefault("serverdict", {}).get(key, default)
+        return sess["serverdict"].get(key, default)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_auth_dict(self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
+    async def _check_auth_dict(
+        self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str
+    ) -> Union[Dict[str, Any], str]:
         """Attempt to validate the auth dict provided by a client
 
         Args:
@@ -495,7 +466,7 @@ def _check_auth_dict(self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
             clientip: IP address of the client
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred: result of the stage verification.
+            Result of the stage verification.
 
         Raises:
             StoreError if there was a problem accessing the database
@@ -505,7 +476,7 @@ def _check_auth_dict(self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
         login_type = authdict["type"]
         checker = self.checkers.get(login_type)
         if checker is not None:
-            res = yield checker.check_auth(authdict, clientip=clientip)
+            res = await checker.check_auth(authdict, clientip=clientip)
             return res
 
         # build a v1-login-style dict out of the authdict and fall back to the
@@ -515,7 +486,7 @@ def _check_auth_dict(self, authdict: Dict[str, Any], clientip: str):
         if user_id is None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
-        (canonical_id, callback) = yield self.validate_login(user_id, authdict)
+        (canonical_id, callback) = await self.validate_login(user_id, authdict)
         return canonical_id
 
     def _get_params_recaptcha(self) -> dict:
@@ -539,7 +510,7 @@ def _get_params_terms(self) -> dict:
         }
 
     def _auth_dict_for_flows(
-        self, flows: List[List[str]], session: Dict[str, Any]
+        self, flows: List[List[str]], session_id: str,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         public_flows = []
         for f in flows:
@@ -558,31 +529,73 @@ def _auth_dict_for_flows(
                     params[stage] = get_params[stage]()
 
         return {
-            "session": session["id"],
+            "session": session_id,
             "flows": [{"stages": f} for f in public_flows],
             "params": params,
         }
 
-    def _get_session_info(self, session_id: Optional[str]) -> dict:
+    def _create_session(
+        self,
+        clientdict: Dict[str, Any],
+        ui_auth: Tuple[bytes, bytes, Dict[str, Any]],
+        description: str,
+    ) -> dict:
         """
-        Gets or creates a session given a session ID.
+        Creates a new user interactive authentication session.
 
         The session can be used to track data across multiple requests, e.g. for
         interactive authentication.
-        """
-        if session_id not in self.sessions:
-            session_id = None
 
-        if not session_id:
-            # create a new session
-            while session_id is None or session_id in self.sessions:
-                session_id = stringutils.random_string(24)
-            self.sessions[session_id] = {"id": session_id}
+        Each session has the following keys:
+
+            id:
+                A unique identifier for this session. Passed back to the client
+                and returned for each stage.
+            clientdict:
+                The dictionary from the client root level, not the 'auth' key.
+            ui_auth:
+                A tuple which is checked at each stage of the authentication to
+                ensure that the asked for operation has not changed.
+            creds:
+                A map, which maps each auth-type (str) to the relevant identity
+                authenticated by that auth-type (mostly str, but for captcha, bool).
+            serverdict:
+                A map of data that is stored server-side and cannot be modified
+                by the client.
+            description:
+                A string description of the operation that the current
+                authentication is authorising.
+    Returns:
+        The newly created session.
+        """
+        session_id = None
+        while session_id is None or session_id in self.sessions:
+            session_id = stringutils.random_string(24)
+
+        self.sessions[session_id] = {
+            "id": session_id,
+            "clientdict": clientdict,
+            "ui_auth": ui_auth,
+            "creds": {},
+            "serverdict": {},
+            "description": description,
+        }
 
         return self.sessions[session_id]
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_access_token_for_user_id(
+    def _get_session_info(self, session_id: str) -> dict:
+        """
+        Gets a session given a session ID.
+
+        The session can be used to track data across multiple requests, e.g. for
+        interactive authentication.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.sessions[session_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Unknown session ID: %s" % (session_id,))
+
+    async def get_access_token_for_user_id(
         self, user_id: str, device_id: Optional[str], valid_until_ms: Optional[int]
     ):
         """
@@ -612,10 +625,10 @@ def get_access_token_for_user_id(
             )
         logger.info("Logging in user %s on device %s%s", user_id, device_id, fmt_expiry)
 
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
+        await self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
 
         access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+        await self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
             user_id, access_token, device_id, valid_until_ms
         )
 
@@ -625,15 +638,14 @@ def get_access_token_for_user_id(
         # device, so we double-check it here.
         if device_id is not None:
             try:
-                yield self.store.get_device(user_id, device_id)
+                await self.store.get_device(user_id, device_id)
             except StoreError:
-                yield self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
+                await self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
                 raise StoreError(400, "Login raced against device deletion")
 
         return access_token
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_user_exists(self, user_id: str):
+    async def check_user_exists(self, user_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """
         Checks to see if a user with the given id exists. Will check case
         insensitively, but return None if there are multiple inexact matches.
@@ -642,28 +654,25 @@ def check_user_exists(self, user_id: str):
             user_id: complete @user:id
 
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: (unicode) canonical_user_id, or None if zero or
-            multiple matches
-
-        Raises:
-            UserDeactivatedError if a user is found but is deactivated.
+            The canonical_user_id, or None if zero or multiple matches
         """
-        res = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
+        res = await self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
         if res is not None:
             return res[0]
         return None
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(self, user_id: str):
+    async def _find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(
+        self, user_id: str
+    ) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
         """Checks to see if a user with the given id exists. Will check case
         insensitively, but will return None if there are multiple inexact
         matches.
 
         Returns:
-            tuple: A 2-tuple of `(canonical_user_id, password_hash)`
-            None: if there is not exactly one match
+            A 2-tuple of `(canonical_user_id, password_hash)` or `None`
+            if there is not exactly one match
         """
-        user_infos = yield self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
+        user_infos = await self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
 
         result = None
         if not user_infos:
@@ -696,8 +705,9 @@ def get_supported_login_types(self) -> Iterable[str]:
         """
         return self._supported_login_types
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
+    async def validate_login(
+        self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, str]], None]]]:
         """Authenticates the user for the /login API
 
         Also used by the user-interactive auth flow to validate
@@ -708,7 +718,7 @@ def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
             login_submission: the whole of the login submission
                 (including 'type' and other relevant fields)
         Returns:
-            Deferred[str, func]: canonical user id, and optional callback
+            A tuple of the canonical user id, and optional callback
                 to be called once the access token and device id are issued
         Raises:
             StoreError if there was a problem accessing the database
@@ -737,7 +747,7 @@ def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
         for provider in self.password_providers:
             if hasattr(provider, "check_password") and login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD:
                 known_login_type = True
-                is_valid = yield provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
+                is_valid = await provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
                 if is_valid:
                     return qualified_user_id, None
 
@@ -769,7 +779,7 @@ def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
                     % (login_type, missing_fields),
                 )
 
-            result = yield provider.check_auth(username, login_type, login_dict)
+            result = await provider.check_auth(username, login_type, login_dict)
             if result:
                 if isinstance(result, str):
                     result = (result, None)
@@ -778,8 +788,8 @@ def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
         if login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD and self.hs.config.password_localdb_enabled:
             known_login_type = True
 
-            canonical_user_id = yield self._check_local_password(
-                qualified_user_id, password
+            canonical_user_id = await self._check_local_password(
+                qualified_user_id, password  # type: ignore
             )
 
             if canonical_user_id:
@@ -792,8 +802,9 @@ def validate_login(self, username: str, login_submission: Dict[str, Any]):
         # login, it turns all LoginErrors into a 401 anyway.
         raise LoginError(403, "Invalid password", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_password_provider_3pid(self, medium: str, address: str, password: str):
+    async def check_password_provider_3pid(
+        self, medium: str, address: str, password: str
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, str]], None]]]:
         """Check if a password provider is able to validate a thirdparty login
 
         Args:
@@ -802,9 +813,8 @@ def check_password_provider_3pid(self, medium: str, address: str, password: str)
             password: The password of the user.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[(str|None, func|None)]: A tuple of `(user_id,
-            callback)`. If authentication is successful, `user_id` is a `str`
-            containing the authenticated, canonical user ID. `callback` is
+            A tuple of `(user_id, callback)`. If authentication is successful,
+            `user_id`is the authenticated, canonical user ID. `callback` is
             then either a function to be later run after the server has
             completed login/registration, or `None`. If authentication was
             unsuccessful, `user_id` and `callback` are both `None`.
@@ -816,7 +826,7 @@ def check_password_provider_3pid(self, medium: str, address: str, password: str)
                 # success, to a str (which is the user_id) or a tuple of
                 # (user_id, callback_func), where callback_func should be run
                 # after we've finished everything else
-                result = yield provider.check_3pid_auth(medium, address, password)
+                result = await provider.check_3pid_auth(medium, address, password)
                 if result:
                     # Check if the return value is a str or a tuple
                     if isinstance(result, str):
@@ -826,8 +836,7 @@ def check_password_provider_3pid(self, medium: str, address: str, password: str)
 
         return None, None
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_local_password(self, user_id: str, password: str):
+    async def _check_local_password(self, user_id: str, password: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """Authenticate a user against the local password database.
 
         user_id is checked case insensitively, but will return None if there are
@@ -837,28 +846,26 @@ def _check_local_password(self, user_id: str, password: str):
             user_id: complete @user:id
             password: the provided password
         Returns:
-            Deferred[unicode] the canonical_user_id, or Deferred[None] if
-                unknown user/bad password
+            The canonical_user_id, or None if unknown user/bad password
         """
-        lookupres = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
+        lookupres = await self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
         if not lookupres:
             return None
         (user_id, password_hash) = lookupres
 
         # If the password hash is None, the account has likely been deactivated
         if not password_hash:
-            deactivated = yield self.store.get_user_deactivated_status(user_id)
+            deactivated = await self.store.get_user_deactivated_status(user_id)
             if deactivated:
                 raise UserDeactivatedError("This account has been deactivated")
 
-        result = yield self.validate_hash(password, password_hash)
+        result = await self.validate_hash(password, password_hash)
         if not result:
             logger.warning("Failed password login for user %s", user_id)
             return None
         return user_id
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(self, login_token: str):
+    async def validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(self, login_token: str):
         auth_api = self.hs.get_auth()
         user_id = None
         try:
@@ -868,26 +875,23 @@ def validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(self, login_token: str):
         except Exception:
             raise AuthError(403, "Invalid token", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
+        await self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
         return user_id
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_access_token(self, access_token: str):
+    async def delete_access_token(self, access_token: str):
         """Invalidate a single access token
 
         Args:
             access_token: access token to be deleted
 
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
         """
-        user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(access_token)
-        yield self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
+        user_info = await self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(access_token)
+        await self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
 
         # see if any of our auth providers want to know about this
         for provider in self.password_providers:
             if hasattr(provider, "on_logged_out"):
-                yield provider.on_logged_out(
+                await provider.on_logged_out(
                     user_id=str(user_info["user"]),
                     device_id=user_info["device_id"],
                     access_token=access_token,
@@ -895,12 +899,11 @@ def delete_access_token(self, access_token: str):
 
         # delete pushers associated with this access token
         if user_info["token_id"] is not None:
-            yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
+            await self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
                 str(user_info["user"]), (user_info["token_id"],)
             )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+    async def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
         self,
         user_id: str,
         except_token_id: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -914,10 +917,8 @@ def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
             device_id:  ID of device the tokens are associated with.
                 If None, tokens associated with any device (or no device) will
                 be deleted
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
         """
-        tokens_and_devices = yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
+        tokens_and_devices = await self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
             user_id, except_token_id=except_token_id, device_id=device_id
         )
 
@@ -925,17 +926,18 @@ def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
         for provider in self.password_providers:
             if hasattr(provider, "on_logged_out"):
                 for token, token_id, device_id in tokens_and_devices:
-                    yield provider.on_logged_out(
+                    await provider.on_logged_out(
                         user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id, access_token=token
                     )
 
         # delete pushers associated with the access tokens
-        yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
+        await self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
             user_id, (token_id for _, token_id, _ in tokens_and_devices)
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_threepid(self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, validated_at: int):
+    async def add_threepid(
+        self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, validated_at: int
+    ):
         # check if medium has a valid value
         if medium not in ["email", "msisdn"]:
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -956,14 +958,13 @@ def add_threepid(self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, validated_at: in
         if medium == "email":
             address = address.lower()
 
-        yield self.store.user_add_threepid(
+        await self.store.user_add_threepid(
             user_id, medium, address, validated_at, self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_threepid(
+    async def delete_threepid(
         self, user_id: str, medium: str, address: str, id_server: Optional[str] = None
-    ):
+    ) -> bool:
         """Attempts to unbind the 3pid on the identity servers and deletes it
         from the local database.
 
@@ -976,7 +977,7 @@ def delete_threepid(
                 identity server specified when binding (if known).
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: Returns True if successfully unbound the 3pid on
+            Returns True if successfully unbound the 3pid on
             the identity server, False if identity server doesn't support the
             unbind API.
         """
@@ -986,11 +987,11 @@ def delete_threepid(
             address = address.lower()
 
         identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
-        result = yield identity_handler.try_unbind_threepid(
+        result = await identity_handler.try_unbind_threepid(
             user_id, {"medium": medium, "address": address, "id_server": id_server}
         )
 
-        yield self.store.user_delete_threepid(user_id, medium, address)
+        await self.store.user_delete_threepid(user_id, medium, address)
         return result
 
     def _save_session(self, session: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
@@ -1000,14 +1001,14 @@ def _save_session(self, session: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         session["last_used"] = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
         self.sessions[session["id"]] = session
 
-    def hash(self, password: str):
+    async def hash(self, password: str) -> str:
         """Computes a secure hash of password.
 
         Args:
             password: Password to hash.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred(unicode): Hashed password.
+            Hashed password.
         """
 
         def _do_hash():
@@ -1019,9 +1020,11 @@ def _do_hash():
                 bcrypt.gensalt(self.bcrypt_rounds),
             ).decode("ascii")
 
-        return defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_hash)
+        return await defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_hash)
 
-    def validate_hash(self, password: str, stored_hash: bytes):
+    async def validate_hash(
+        self, password: str, stored_hash: Union[bytes, str]
+    ) -> bool:
         """Validates that self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
 
         Args:
@@ -1029,7 +1032,7 @@ def validate_hash(self, password: str, stored_hash: bytes):
             stored_hash: Expected hash value.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred(bool): Whether self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
+            Whether self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
         """
 
         def _do_validate_hash():
@@ -1045,9 +1048,9 @@ def _do_validate_hash():
             if not isinstance(stored_hash, bytes):
                 stored_hash = stored_hash.encode("ascii")
 
-            return defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_validate_hash)
+            return await defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_validate_hash)
         else:
-            return defer.succeed(False)
+            return False
 
     def start_sso_ui_auth(self, redirect_url: str, session_id: str) -> str:
         """
@@ -1061,11 +1064,8 @@ def start_sso_ui_auth(self, redirect_url: str, session_id: str) -> str:
             The HTML to render.
         """
         session = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        # Get the human readable operation of what is occurring, falling back to
-        # a generic message if it isn't available for some reason.
-        description = session.get("description", "modify your account")
         return self._sso_auth_confirm_template.render(
-            description=description, redirect_url=redirect_url,
+            description=session["description"], redirect_url=redirect_url,
         )
 
     def complete_sso_ui_auth(
@@ -1081,8 +1081,6 @@ def complete_sso_ui_auth(
         """
         # Mark the stage of the authentication as successful.
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        if "creds" not in sess:
-            sess["creds"] = {}
         creds = sess["creds"]
 
         # Save the user who authenticated with SSO, this will be used to ensure
@@ -1091,7 +1089,7 @@ def complete_sso_ui_auth(
         self._save_session(sess)
 
         # Render the HTML and return.
-        html_bytes = SUCCESS_TEMPLATE.encode("utf8")
+        html_bytes = self._sso_auth_success_template.encode("utf-8")
         request.setResponseCode(200)
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
@@ -1099,7 +1097,7 @@ def complete_sso_ui_auth(
         request.write(html_bytes)
         finish_request(request)
 
-    def complete_sso_login(
+    async def complete_sso_login(
         self,
         registered_user_id: str,
         request: SynapseRequest,
@@ -1113,6 +1111,32 @@ def complete_sso_login(
             client_redirect_url: The URL to which to redirect the user at the end of the
                 process.
         """
+        # If the account has been deactivated, do not proceed with the login
+        # flow.
+        deactivated = await self.store.get_user_deactivated_status(registered_user_id)
+        if deactivated:
+            html_bytes = self._sso_account_deactivated_template.encode("utf-8")
+
+            request.setResponseCode(403)
+            request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
+            request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+            request.write(html_bytes)
+            finish_request(request)
+            return
+
+        self._complete_sso_login(registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url)
+
+    def _complete_sso_login(
+        self,
+        registered_user_id: str,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        client_redirect_url: str,
+    ):
+        """
+        The synchronous portion of complete_sso_login.
+
+        This exists purely for backwards compatibility of synapse.module_api.ModuleApi.
+        """
         # Create a login token
         login_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_short_term_login_token(
             registered_user_id
@@ -1138,7 +1162,7 @@ def complete_sso_login(
         # URL we redirect users to.
         redirect_url_no_params = client_redirect_url.split("?")[0]
 
-        html = self._sso_redirect_confirm_template.render(
+        html_bytes = self._sso_redirect_confirm_template.render(
             display_url=redirect_url_no_params,
             redirect_url=redirect_url,
             server_name=self._server_name,
@@ -1146,8 +1170,8 @@ def complete_sso_login(
 
         request.setResponseCode(200)
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html),))
-        request.write(html)
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(html_bytes),))
+        request.write(html_bytes)
         finish_request(request)
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
index f8dc274b78be..5cb3f9d13317 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/cas_handler.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 import logging
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
-from typing import AnyStr, Dict, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple
 
 from six.moves import urllib
 
@@ -48,26 +48,47 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
 
         self._http_client = hs.get_proxied_http_client()
 
-    def _build_service_param(self, client_redirect_url: AnyStr) -> str:
+    def _build_service_param(self, args: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+        """
+        Generates a value to use as the "service" parameter when redirecting or
+        querying the CAS service.
+
+        Args:
+            args: Additional arguments to include in the final redirect URL.
+
+        Returns:
+            The URL to use as a "service" parameter.
+        """
         return "%s%s?%s" % (
             self._cas_service_url,
             "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket",
-            urllib.parse.urlencode({"redirectUrl": client_redirect_url}),
+            urllib.parse.urlencode(args),
         )
 
-    async def _handle_cas_response(
-        self, request: SynapseRequest, cas_response_body: str, client_redirect_url: str
-    ) -> None:
+    async def _validate_ticket(
+        self, ticket: str, service_args: Dict[str, str]
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
         """
-        Retrieves the user and display name from the CAS response and continues with the authentication.
+        Validate a CAS ticket with the server, parse the response, and return the user and display name.
 
         Args:
-            request: The original client request.
-            cas_response_body: The response from the CAS server.
-            client_redirect_url: The URl to redirect the client to when
-                everything is done.
+            ticket: The CAS ticket from the client.
+            service_args: Additional arguments to include in the service URL.
+                Should be the same as those passed to `get_redirect_url`.
         """
-        user, attributes = self._parse_cas_response(cas_response_body)
+        uri = self._cas_server_url + "/proxyValidate"
+        args = {
+            "ticket": ticket,
+            "service": self._build_service_param(service_args),
+        }
+        try:
+            body = await self._http_client.get_raw(uri, args)
+        except PartialDownloadError as pde:
+            # Twisted raises this error if the connection is closed,
+            # even if that's being used old-http style to signal end-of-data
+            body = pde.response
+
+        user, attributes = self._parse_cas_response(body)
         displayname = attributes.pop(self._cas_displayname_attribute, None)
 
         for required_attribute, required_value in self._cas_required_attributes.items():
@@ -82,7 +103,7 @@ async def _handle_cas_response(
                 if required_value != actual_value:
                     raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
-        await self._on_successful_auth(user, request, client_redirect_url, displayname)
+        return user, displayname
 
     def _parse_cas_response(
         self, cas_response_body: str
@@ -127,78 +148,74 @@ def _parse_cas_response(
             )
         return user, attributes
 
-    async def _on_successful_auth(
-        self,
-        username: str,
-        request: SynapseRequest,
-        client_redirect_url: str,
-        user_display_name: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Called once the user has successfully authenticated with the SSO.
-
-        Registers the user if necessary, and then returns a redirect (with
-        a login token) to the client.
+    def get_redirect_url(self, service_args: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+        """
+        Generates a URL for the CAS server where the client should be redirected.
 
         Args:
-            username: the remote user id. We'll map this onto
-                something sane for a MXID localpath.
+            service_args: Additional arguments to include in the final redirect URL.
 
-            request: the incoming request from the browser. We'll
-                respond to it with a redirect.
+        Returns:
+            The URL to redirect the client to.
+        """
+        args = urllib.parse.urlencode(
+            {"service": self._build_service_param(service_args)}
+        )
 
-            client_redirect_url: the redirect_url the client gave us when
-                it first started the process.
+        return "%s/login?%s" % (self._cas_server_url, args)
 
-            user_display_name: if set, and we have to register a new user,
-                we will set their displayname to this.
+    async def handle_ticket(
+        self,
+        request: SynapseRequest,
+        ticket: str,
+        client_redirect_url: Optional[str],
+        session: Optional[str],
+    ) -> None:
         """
-        localpart = map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username)
-        user_id = UserID(localpart, self._hostname).to_string()
-        registered_user_id = await self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
-        if not registered_user_id:
-            registered_user_id = await self._registration_handler.register_user(
-                localpart=localpart, default_display_name=user_display_name
-            )
+        Called once the user has successfully authenticated with the SSO.
+        Validates a CAS ticket sent by the client and completes the auth process.
 
-        self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
-            registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url
-        )
+        If the user interactive authentication session is provided, marks the
+        UI Auth session as complete, then returns an HTML page notifying the
+        user they are done.
 
-    def handle_redirect_request(self, client_redirect_url: bytes) -> bytes:
-        """
-        Generates a URL to the CAS server where the client should be redirected.
+        Otherwise, this registers the user if necessary, and then returns a
+        redirect (with a login token) to the client.
 
         Args:
-            client_redirect_url: The final URL the client should go to after the
-                user has negotiated SSO.
+            request: the incoming request from the browser. We'll
+                respond to it with a redirect or an HTML page.
 
-        Returns:
-            The URL to redirect to.
-        """
-        args = urllib.parse.urlencode(
-            {"service": self._build_service_param(client_redirect_url)}
-        )
+            ticket: The CAS ticket provided by the client.
 
-        return ("%s/login?%s" % (self._cas_server_url, args)).encode("ascii")
+            client_redirect_url: the redirectUrl parameter from the `/cas/ticket` HTTP request, if given.
+                This should be the same as the redirectUrl from the original `/login/sso/redirect` request.
 
-    async def handle_ticket_request(
-        self, request: SynapseRequest, client_redirect_url: str, ticket: str
-    ) -> None:
+            session: The session parameter from the `/cas/ticket` HTTP request, if given.
+                This should be the UI Auth session id.
         """
-        Validates a CAS ticket sent by the client for login/registration.
+        args = {}
+        if client_redirect_url:
+            args["redirectUrl"] = client_redirect_url
+        if session:
+            args["session"] = session
+        username, user_display_name = await self._validate_ticket(ticket, args)
 
-        On a successful request, writes a redirect to the request.
-        """
-        uri = self._cas_server_url + "/proxyValidate"
-        args = {
-            "ticket": ticket,
-            "service": self._build_service_param(client_redirect_url),
-        }
-        try:
-            body = await self._http_client.get_raw(uri, args)
-        except PartialDownloadError as pde:
-            # Twisted raises this error if the connection is closed,
-            # even if that's being used old-http style to signal end-of-data
-            body = pde.response
+        localpart = map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username)
+        user_id = UserID(localpart, self._hostname).to_string()
+        registered_user_id = await self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
 
-        await self._handle_cas_response(request, body, client_redirect_url)
+        if session:
+            self._auth_handler.complete_sso_ui_auth(
+                registered_user_id, session, request,
+            )
+
+        else:
+            if not registered_user_id:
+                registered_user_id = await self._registration_handler.register_user(
+                    localpart=localpart, default_display_name=user_display_name
+                )
+
+            await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
+                registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 993499f446de..9bd941b5a0f7 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -338,8 +338,10 @@ def delete_device(self, user_id, device_id):
             else:
                 raise
 
-        yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-            user_id, device_id=device_id
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+                user_id, device_id=device_id
+            )
         )
 
         yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id)
@@ -391,8 +393,10 @@ def delete_devices(self, user_id, device_ids):
         # Delete access tokens and e2e keys for each device. Not optimised as it is not
         # considered as part of a critical path.
         for device_id in device_ids:
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-                user_id, device_id=device_id
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+                    user_id, device_id=device_id
+                )
             )
             yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(
                 user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 95a9d71f4112..8f1bc0323c24 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -54,19 +54,23 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
 
         self._edu_updater = SigningKeyEduUpdater(hs, self)
 
+        federation_registry = hs.get_federation_registry()
+
         self._is_master = hs.config.worker_app is None
         if not self._is_master:
             self._user_device_resync_client = ReplicationUserDevicesResyncRestServlet.make_client(
                 hs
             )
+        else:
+            # Only register this edu handler on master as it requires writing
+            # device updates to the db
+            #
+            # FIXME: switch to m.signing_key_update when MSC1756 is merged into the spec
+            federation_registry.register_edu_handler(
+                "org.matrix.signing_key_update",
+                self._edu_updater.incoming_signing_key_update,
+            )
 
-        federation_registry = hs.get_federation_registry()
-
-        # FIXME: switch to m.signing_key_update when MSC1756 is merged into the spec
-        federation_registry.register_edu_handler(
-            "org.matrix.signing_key_update",
-            self._edu_updater.incoming_signing_key_update,
-        )
         # doesn't really work as part of the generic query API, because the
         # query request requires an object POST, but we abuse the
         # "query handler" interface.
@@ -170,8 +174,8 @@ def do_remote_query(destination):
             """This is called when we are querying the device list of a user on
             a remote homeserver and their device list is not in the device list
             cache. If we share a room with this user and we're not querying for
-            specific user we will update the cache
-            with their device list."""
+            specific user we will update the cache with their device list.
+            """
 
             destination_query = remote_queries_not_in_cache[destination]
 
@@ -957,13 +961,19 @@ def _process_other_signatures(self, user_id, signatures):
         return signature_list, failures
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(self, user_id, key_type, from_user_id=None):
-        """Fetch the cross-signing public key from storage and interpret it.
+    def _get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+        self, user_id: str, key_type: str, from_user_id: str = None
+    ):
+        """Fetch locally or remotely query for a cross-signing public key.
+
+        First, attempt to fetch the cross-signing public key from storage.
+        If that fails, query the keys from the homeserver they belong to
+        and update our local copy.
 
         Args:
-            user_id (str): the user whose key should be fetched
-            key_type (str): the type of key to fetch
-            from_user_id (str): the user that we are fetching the keys for.
+            user_id: the user whose key should be fetched
+            key_type: the type of key to fetch
+            from_user_id: the user that we are fetching the keys for.
                 This affects what signatures are fetched.
 
         Returns:
@@ -972,16 +982,140 @@ def _get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(self, user_id, key_type, from_user_id=None
 
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: if the key is not found
+            SynapseError: if `user_id` is invalid
         """
+        user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
         key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
             user_id, key_type, from_user_id
         )
+
+        if key:
+            # We found a copy of this key in our database. Decode and return it
+            key_id, verify_key = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(key)
+            return key, key_id, verify_key
+
+        # If we couldn't find the key locally, and we're looking for keys of
+        # another user then attempt to fetch the missing key from the remote
+        # user's server.
+        #
+        # We may run into this in possible edge cases where a user tries to
+        # cross-sign a remote user, but does not share any rooms with them yet.
+        # Thus, we would not have their key list yet. We instead fetch the key,
+        # store it and notify clients of new, associated device IDs.
+        if self.is_mine(user) or key_type not in ["master", "self_signing"]:
+            # Note that master and self_signing keys are the only cross-signing keys we
+            # can request over federation
+            raise NotFoundError("No %s key found for %s" % (key_type, user_id))
+
+        (
+            key,
+            key_id,
+            verify_key,
+        ) = yield self._retrieve_cross_signing_keys_for_remote_user(user, key_type)
+
         if key is None:
-            logger.debug("no %s key found for %s", key_type, user_id)
             raise NotFoundError("No %s key found for %s" % (key_type, user_id))
-        key_id, verify_key = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(key)
+
         return key, key_id, verify_key
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _retrieve_cross_signing_keys_for_remote_user(
+        self, user: UserID, desired_key_type: str,
+    ):
+        """Queries cross-signing keys for a remote user and saves them to the database
+
+        Only the key specified by `key_type` will be returned, while all retrieved keys
+        will be saved regardless
+
+        Args:
+            user: The user to query remote keys for
+            desired_key_type: The type of key to receive. One of "master", "self_signing"
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[Tuple[Optional[Dict], Optional[str], Optional[VerifyKey]]]: A tuple
+            of the retrieved key content, the key's ID and the matching VerifyKey.
+            If the key cannot be retrieved, all values in the tuple will instead be None.
+        """
+        try:
+            remote_result = yield self.federation.query_user_devices(
+                user.domain, user.to_string()
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Unable to query %s for cross-signing keys of user %s: %s %s",
+                user.domain,
+                user.to_string(),
+                type(e),
+                e,
+            )
+            return None, None, None
+
+        # Process each of the retrieved cross-signing keys
+        desired_key = None
+        desired_key_id = None
+        desired_verify_key = None
+        retrieved_device_ids = []
+        for key_type in ["master", "self_signing"]:
+            key_content = remote_result.get(key_type + "_key")
+            if not key_content:
+                continue
+
+            # Ensure these keys belong to the correct user
+            if "user_id" not in key_content:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Invalid %s key retrieved, missing user_id field: %s",
+                    key_type,
+                    key_content,
+                )
+                continue
+            if user.to_string() != key_content["user_id"]:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Found %s key of user %s when querying for keys of user %s",
+                    key_type,
+                    key_content["user_id"],
+                    user.to_string(),
+                )
+                continue
+
+            # Validate the key contents
+            try:
+                # verify_key is a VerifyKey from signedjson, which uses
+                # .version to denote the portion of the key ID after the
+                # algorithm and colon, which is the device ID
+                key_id, verify_key = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(key_content)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Invalid %s key retrieved: %s - %s %s",
+                    key_type,
+                    key_content,
+                    type(e),
+                    e,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            # Note down the device ID attached to this key
+            retrieved_device_ids.append(verify_key.version)
+
+            # If this is the desired key type, save it and its ID/VerifyKey
+            if key_type == desired_key_type:
+                desired_key = key_content
+                desired_verify_key = verify_key
+                desired_key_id = key_id
+
+            # At the same time, store this key in the db for subsequent queries
+            yield self.store.set_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+                user.to_string(), key_type, key_content
+            )
+
+        # Notify clients that new devices for this user have been discovered
+        if retrieved_device_ids:
+            # XXX is this necessary?
+            yield self.device_handler.notify_device_update(
+                user.to_string(), retrieved_device_ids
+            )
+
+        return desired_key, desired_key_id, desired_verify_key
+
 
 def _check_cross_signing_key(key, user_id, key_type, signing_key=None):
     """Check a cross-signing key uploaded by a user.  Performs some basic sanity
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index ec18a42a68b8..71a89f09c765 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, SynapseError
 from synapse.events import EventBase
+from synapse.handlers.presence import format_user_presence_state
 from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
 from synapse.types import UserID
 from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_client
@@ -97,6 +98,8 @@ async def get_stream(
                 explicit_room_id=room_id,
             )
 
+            time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
+
             # When the user joins a new room, or another user joins a currently
             # joined room, we need to send down presence for those users.
             to_add = []
@@ -112,19 +115,20 @@ async def get_stream(
                         users = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(
                             event.room_id
                         )
-                        states = await presence_handler.get_states(users, as_event=True)
-                        to_add.extend(states)
                     else:
+                        users = [event.state_key]
 
-                        ev = await presence_handler.get_state(
-                            UserID.from_string(event.state_key), as_event=True
-                        )
-                        to_add.append(ev)
+                    states = await presence_handler.get_states(users)
+                    to_add.extend(
+                        {
+                            "type": EventTypes.Presence,
+                            "content": format_user_presence_state(state, time_now),
+                        }
+                        for state in states
+                    )
 
             events.extend(to_add)
 
-            time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
-
             chunks = await self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
                 events,
                 time_now,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index 23f07832e747..0f0e632b626c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 """Utilities for interacting with Identity Servers"""
 
 import logging
-import urllib
+import urllib.parse
 
 from canonicaljson import json
 from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index b116500c7dc8..f88bad5f2512 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -381,10 +381,16 @@ async def get_presence():
                 return []
 
             states = await presence_handler.get_states(
-                [m.user_id for m in room_members], as_event=True
+                [m.user_id for m in room_members]
             )
 
-            return states
+            return [
+                {
+                    "type": EventTypes.Presence,
+                    "content": format_user_presence_state(s, time_now),
+                }
+                for s in states
+            ]
 
         async def get_receipts():
             receipts = await self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_room(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 6912165622ec..5cbefae1777a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,10 +22,10 @@
     - PresenceHandler._handle_timeouts
     - should_notify
 """
-
+import abc
 import logging
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import Dict, List, Set
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Set
 
 from six import iteritems, itervalues
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
-from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, UserID, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
@@ -99,13 +100,106 @@
 assert LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY < IDLE_TIMER
 
 
-class PresenceHandler(object):
+class BasePresenceHandler(abc.ABC):
+    """Parts of the PresenceHandler that are shared between workers and master"""
+
+    def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+        active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
+        self.user_to_current_state = {state.user_id: state for state in active_presence}
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    async def user_syncing(
+        self, user_id: str, affect_presence: bool
+    ) -> ContextManager[None]:
+        """Returns a context manager that should surround any stream requests
+        from the user.
+
+        This allows us to keep track of who is currently streaming and who isn't
+        without having to have timers outside of this module to avoid flickering
+        when users disconnect/reconnect.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: the user that is starting a sync
+            affect_presence: If false this function will be a no-op.
+                Useful for streams that are not associated with an actual
+                client that is being used by a user.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_currently_syncing_users_for_replication(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get an iterable of syncing users on this worker, to send to the presence handler
+
+        This is called when a replication connection is established. It should return
+        a list of user ids, which are then sent as USER_SYNC commands to inform the
+        process handling presence about those users.
+
+        Returns:
+            An iterable of user_id strings.
+        """
+
+    async def get_state(self, target_user: UserID) -> UserPresenceState:
+        results = await self.get_states([target_user.to_string()])
+        return results[0]
+
+    async def get_states(
+        self, target_user_ids: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> List[UserPresenceState]:
+        """Get the presence state for users."""
+
+        updates_d = await self.current_state_for_users(target_user_ids)
+        updates = list(updates_d.values())
+
+        for user_id in set(target_user_ids) - {u.user_id for u in updates}:
+            updates.append(UserPresenceState.default(user_id))
+
+        return updates
+
+    async def current_state_for_users(
+        self, user_ids: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Dict[str, UserPresenceState]:
+        """Get the current presence state for multiple users.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: `user_id` -> `UserPresenceState`
+        """
+        states = {
+            user_id: self.user_to_current_state.get(user_id, None)
+            for user_id in user_ids
+        }
+
+        missing = [user_id for user_id, state in iteritems(states) if not state]
+        if missing:
+            # There are things not in our in memory cache. Lets pull them out of
+            # the database.
+            res = await self.store.get_presence_for_users(missing)
+            states.update(res)
+
+            missing = [user_id for user_id, state in iteritems(states) if not state]
+            if missing:
+                new = {
+                    user_id: UserPresenceState.default(user_id) for user_id in missing
+                }
+                states.update(new)
+                self.user_to_current_state.update(new)
+
+        return states
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    async def set_state(
+        self, target_user: UserID, state: JsonDict, ignore_status_msg: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set the presence state of the user. """
+
+
+class PresenceHandler(BasePresenceHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
+        super().__init__(hs)
         self.hs = hs
         self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.wheel_timer = WheelTimer()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
         self.federation = hs.get_federation_sender()
@@ -115,13 +209,6 @@ def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
 
         federation_registry.register_edu_handler("m.presence", self.incoming_presence)
 
-        active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
-
-        # A dictionary of the current state of users. This is prefilled with
-        # non-offline presence from the DB. We should fetch from the DB if
-        # we can't find a users presence in here.
-        self.user_to_current_state = {state.user_id: state for state in active_presence}
-
         LaterGauge(
             "synapse_handlers_presence_user_to_current_state_size",
             "",
@@ -130,7 +217,7 @@ def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
         )
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        for state in active_presence:
+        for state in self.user_to_current_state.values():
             self.wheel_timer.insert(
                 now=now, obj=state.user_id, then=state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
             )
@@ -361,10 +448,18 @@ async def _handle_timeouts(self):
 
         timers_fired_counter.inc(len(states))
 
+        syncing_user_ids = {
+            user_id
+            for user_id, count in self.user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
+            if count
+        }
+        for user_ids in self.external_process_to_current_syncs.values():
+            syncing_user_ids.update(user_ids)
+
         changes = handle_timeouts(
             states,
             is_mine_fn=self.is_mine_id,
-            syncing_user_ids=self.get_currently_syncing_users(),
+            syncing_user_ids=syncing_user_ids,
             now=now,
         )
 
@@ -462,22 +557,9 @@ def _user_syncing():
 
         return _user_syncing()
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        """Get the set of user ids that are currently syncing on this HS.
-        Returns:
-            set(str): A set of user_id strings.
-        """
-        if self.hs.config.use_presence:
-            syncing_user_ids = {
-                user_id
-                for user_id, count in self.user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
-                if count
-            }
-            for user_ids in self.external_process_to_current_syncs.values():
-                syncing_user_ids.update(user_ids)
-            return syncing_user_ids
-        else:
-            return set()
+    def get_currently_syncing_users_for_replication(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        # since we are the process handling presence, there is nothing to do here.
+        return []
 
     async def update_external_syncs_row(
         self, process_id, user_id, is_syncing, sync_time_msec
@@ -554,34 +636,6 @@ async def current_state_for_user(self, user_id):
         res = await self.current_state_for_users([user_id])
         return res[user_id]
 
-    async def current_state_for_users(self, user_ids):
-        """Get the current presence state for multiple users.
-
-        Returns:
-            dict: `user_id` -> `UserPresenceState`
-        """
-        states = {
-            user_id: self.user_to_current_state.get(user_id, None)
-            for user_id in user_ids
-        }
-
-        missing = [user_id for user_id, state in iteritems(states) if not state]
-        if missing:
-            # There are things not in our in memory cache. Lets pull them out of
-            # the database.
-            res = await self.store.get_presence_for_users(missing)
-            states.update(res)
-
-            missing = [user_id for user_id, state in iteritems(states) if not state]
-            if missing:
-                new = {
-                    user_id: UserPresenceState.default(user_id) for user_id in missing
-                }
-                states.update(new)
-                self.user_to_current_state.update(new)
-
-        return states
-
     async def _persist_and_notify(self, states):
         """Persist states in the database, poke the notifier and send to
         interested remote servers
@@ -669,40 +723,6 @@ async def incoming_presence(self, origin, content):
             federation_presence_counter.inc(len(updates))
             await self._update_states(updates)
 
-    async def get_state(self, target_user, as_event=False):
-        results = await self.get_states([target_user.to_string()], as_event=as_event)
-
-        return results[0]
-
-    async def get_states(self, target_user_ids, as_event=False):
-        """Get the presence state for users.
-
-        Args:
-            target_user_ids (list)
-            as_event (bool): Whether to format it as a client event or not.
-
-        Returns:
-            list
-        """
-
-        updates = await self.current_state_for_users(target_user_ids)
-        updates = list(updates.values())
-
-        for user_id in set(target_user_ids) - {u.user_id for u in updates}:
-            updates.append(UserPresenceState.default(user_id))
-
-        now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        if as_event:
-            return [
-                {
-                    "type": "m.presence",
-                    "content": format_user_presence_state(state, now),
-                }
-                for state in updates
-            ]
-        else:
-            return updates
-
     async def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
         """Set the presence state of the user.
         """
@@ -889,7 +909,7 @@ async def _on_user_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id):
             user_ids = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
             user_ids = list(filter(self.is_mine_id, user_ids))
 
-            states = await self.current_state_for_users(user_ids)
+            states_d = await self.current_state_for_users(user_ids)
 
             # Filter out old presence, i.e. offline presence states where
             # the user hasn't been active for a week. We can change this
@@ -899,7 +919,7 @@ async def _on_user_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id):
             now = self.clock.time_msec()
             states = [
                 state
-                for state in states.values()
+                for state in states_d.values()
                 if state.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE
                 or now - state.last_active_ts < 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
                 or state.status_msg is not None
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 7ffc194f0c67..3a65b46ecde8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ def register_user(
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid)
         password_hash = None
         if password:
-            password_hash = yield self._auth_handler.hash(password)
+            password_hash = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.hash(password)
+            )
 
         if localpart is not None:
             yield self.check_username(localpart, guest_access_token=guest_access_token)
@@ -540,8 +542,10 @@ def register_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=Fal
                 user_id, ["guest = true"]
             )
         else:
-            access_token = yield self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                user_id, device_id=device_id, valid_until_ms=valid_until_ms
+            access_token = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    user_id, device_id=device_id, valid_until_ms=valid_until_ms
+                )
             )
 
         return (device_id, access_token)
@@ -617,8 +621,13 @@ def _register_email_threepid(self, user_id, threepid, token):
             logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
             return
 
-        yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
+                user_id,
+                threepid["medium"],
+                threepid["address"],
+                threepid["validated_at"],
+            )
         )
 
         # And we add an email pusher for them by default, but only
@@ -670,6 +679,11 @@ def _register_msisdn_threepid(self, user_id, threepid):
                 return None
             raise
 
-        yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
+                user_id,
+                threepid["medium"],
+                threepid["address"],
+                threepid["validated_at"],
+            )
         )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index f580ab2e9f2a..3d10e4b2d91b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -645,6 +645,13 @@ def create_room(self, requester, config, ratelimit=True, creator_join_profile=No
                 check_membership=False,
             )
 
+        if is_public:
+            if not self.config.is_publishing_room_allowed(user_id, room_id, room_alias):
+                # Lets just return a generic message, as there may be all sorts of
+                # reasons why we said no. TODO: Allow configurable error messages
+                # per alias creation rule?
+                raise SynapseError(403, "Not allowed to publish room")
+
         preset_config = config.get(
             "preset",
             RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT
@@ -806,6 +813,7 @@ def send(etype, content, **kwargs):
                     EventTypes.RoomAvatar: 50,
                     EventTypes.Tombstone: 100,
                     EventTypes.ServerACL: 100,
+                    EventTypes.RoomEncryption: 100,
                 },
                 "events_default": 0,
                 "state_default": 50,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index 0b7d3da68008..59c9906b3174 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from six import iteritems
 
@@ -105,22 +106,22 @@ def get_local_public_room_list(
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_public_room_list(
         self,
-        limit=None,
-        since_token=None,
-        search_filter=None,
-        network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
-        from_federation=False,
-    ):
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        since_token: Optional[str] = None,
+        search_filter: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        network_tuple: ThirdPartyInstanceID = EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
+        from_federation: bool = False,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Generate a public room list.
         Args:
-            limit (int|None): Maximum amount of rooms to return.
-            since_token (str|None)
-            search_filter (dict|None): Dictionary to filter rooms by.
-            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID): Which public list to use.
+            limit: Maximum amount of rooms to return.
+            since_token:
+            search_filter: Dictionary to filter rooms by.
+            network_tuple: Which public list to use.
                 This can be (None, None) to indicate the main list, or a particular
                 appservice and network id to use an appservice specific one.
                 Setting to None returns all public rooms across all lists.
-            from_federation (bool): Whether this request originated from a
+            from_federation: Whether this request originated from a
                 federating server or a client. Used for room filtering.
         """
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
index 4741c82f6156..7c9454b50460 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/saml_handler.py
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ async def handle_saml_response(self, request):
             )
 
         else:
-            self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(user_id, request, relay_state)
+            await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(user_id, request, relay_state)
 
     async def _map_saml_response_to_user(
         self, resp_bytes: str, client_redirect_url: str
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
index 7d1263caf2cb..63d8f9aa0d54 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, StoreError, SynapseError
 from synapse.types import Requester
 
@@ -34,8 +32,7 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self._device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
         self._password_policy_handler = hs.get_password_policy_handler()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_password(
+    async def set_password(
         self,
         user_id: str,
         new_password: str,
@@ -46,10 +43,10 @@ def set_password(
             raise SynapseError(403, "Password change disabled", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
         self._password_policy_handler.validate_password(new_password)
-        password_hash = yield self._auth_handler.hash(new_password)
+        password_hash = await self._auth_handler.hash(new_password)
 
         try:
-            yield self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
+            await self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown user", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
@@ -61,12 +58,12 @@ def set_password(
             except_access_token_id = requester.access_token_id if requester else None
 
             # First delete all of their other devices.
-            yield self._device_handler.delete_all_devices_for_user(
+            await self._device_handler.delete_all_devices_for_user(
                 user_id, except_device_id=except_device_id
             )
 
             # and now delete any access tokens which weren't associated with
             # devices (or were associated with this device).
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+            await self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
                 user_id, except_token_id=except_access_token_id
             )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 1f1cde2feb28..4f76b7a74359 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ async def _get_rooms_changed(
         )
 
         # We loop through all room ids, even if there are no new events, in case
-        # there are non room events taht we need to notify about.
+        # there are non room events that we need to notify about.
         for room_id in sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids:
             room_entry = room_to_events.get(room_id, None)
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 6f1bb04d8b50..6b0a532c05bd 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -434,21 +434,27 @@ def _send_request(
                         logger.info("Failed to send request: %s", e)
                         raise_from(RequestSendFailed(e, can_retry=True), e)
 
-                    logger.info(
-                        "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
-                        request.txn_id,
-                        request.destination,
-                        response.code,
-                        response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
-                    )
-
                     incoming_responses_counter.labels(method_bytes, response.code).inc()
 
                     set_tag(tags.HTTP_STATUS_CODE, response.code)
 
                     if 200 <= response.code < 300:
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
+                            request.txn_id,
+                            request.destination,
+                            response.code,
+                            response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+                        )
                         pass
                     else:
+                        logger.info(
+                            "{%s} [%s] Got response headers: %d %s",
+                            request.txn_id,
+                            request.destination,
+                            response.code,
+                            response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+                        )
                         # :'(
                         # Update transactions table?
                         d = treq.content(response)
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index c7fffd72f280..d678c0eb9bcf 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def check_user_exists(self, user_id):
             Deferred[str|None]: Canonical (case-corrected) user_id, or None
                if the user is not registered.
         """
-        return self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
+        return defer.ensureDeferred(self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def register(self, localpart, displayname=None, emails=[]):
@@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ def invalidate_access_token(self, access_token):
             yield self._hs.get_device_handler().delete_device(user_id, device_id)
         else:
             # no associated device. Just delete the access token.
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_token(access_token)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self._auth_handler.delete_access_token(access_token)
+            )
 
     def run_db_interaction(self, desc, func, *args, **kwargs):
         """Run a function with a database connection
@@ -220,6 +222,26 @@ def complete_sso_login(
         want their access token sent to `client_redirect_url`, or redirect them to that
         URL with a token directly if the URL matches with one of the whitelisted clients.
 
+        This is deprecated in favor of complete_sso_login_async.
+
+        Args:
+            registered_user_id: The MXID that has been registered as a previous step of
+                of this SSO login.
+            request: The request to respond to.
+            client_redirect_url: The URL to which to offer to redirect the user (or to
+                redirect them directly if whitelisted).
+        """
+        self._auth_handler._complete_sso_login(
+            registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url,
+        )
+
+    async def complete_sso_login_async(
+        self, registered_user_id: str, request: SynapseRequest, client_redirect_url: str
+    ):
+        """Complete a SSO login by redirecting the user to a page to confirm whether they
+        want their access token sent to `client_redirect_url`, or redirect them to that
+        URL with a token directly if the URL matches with one of the whitelisted clients.
+
         Args:
             registered_user_id: The MXID that has been registered as a previous step of
                 of this SSO login.
@@ -227,6 +249,6 @@ def complete_sso_login(
             client_redirect_url: The URL to which to offer to redirect the user (or to
                 redirect them directly if whitelisted).
         """
-        self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
+        await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_login(
             registered_user_id, request, client_redirect_url,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
index a70e6772812f..11032491afad 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
 
 import logging
 import re
+from typing import Pattern
 
 from six import string_types
 
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.types import UserID
 from synapse.util.caches import register_cache
 from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
@@ -56,18 +58,18 @@ def _test_ineq_condition(condition, number):
     rhs = m.group(2)
     if not rhs.isdigit():
         return False
-    rhs = int(rhs)
+    rhs_int = int(rhs)
 
     if ineq == "" or ineq == "==":
-        return number == rhs
+        return number == rhs_int
     elif ineq == "<":
-        return number < rhs
+        return number < rhs_int
     elif ineq == ">":
-        return number > rhs
+        return number > rhs_int
     elif ineq == ">=":
-        return number >= rhs
+        return number >= rhs_int
     elif ineq == "<=":
-        return number <= rhs
+        return number <= rhs_int
     else:
         return False
 
@@ -83,7 +85,13 @@ def tweaks_for_actions(actions):
 
 
 class PushRuleEvaluatorForEvent(object):
-    def __init__(self, event, room_member_count, sender_power_level, power_levels):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        event: EventBase,
+        room_member_count: int,
+        sender_power_level: int,
+        power_levels: dict,
+    ):
         self._event = event
         self._room_member_count = room_member_count
         self._sender_power_level = sender_power_level
@@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ def __init__(self, event, room_member_count, sender_power_level, power_levels):
         # Maps strings of e.g. 'content.body' -> event["content"]["body"]
         self._value_cache = _flatten_dict(event)
 
-    def matches(self, condition, user_id, display_name):
+    def matches(self, condition: dict, user_id: str, display_name: str) -> bool:
         if condition["kind"] == "event_match":
             return self._event_match(condition, user_id)
         elif condition["kind"] == "contains_display_name":
@@ -106,7 +114,7 @@ def matches(self, condition, user_id, display_name):
         else:
             return True
 
-    def _event_match(self, condition, user_id):
+    def _event_match(self, condition: dict, user_id: str) -> bool:
         pattern = condition.get("pattern", None)
 
         if not pattern:
@@ -134,7 +142,7 @@ def _event_match(self, condition, user_id):
 
             return _glob_matches(pattern, haystack)
 
-    def _contains_display_name(self, display_name):
+    def _contains_display_name(self, display_name: str) -> bool:
         if not display_name:
             return False
 
@@ -142,51 +150,52 @@ def _contains_display_name(self, display_name):
         if not body:
             return False
 
-        return _glob_matches(display_name, body, word_boundary=True)
+        # Similar to _glob_matches, but do not treat display_name as a glob.
+        r = regex_cache.get((display_name, False, True), None)
+        if not r:
+            r = re.escape(display_name)
+            r = _re_word_boundary(r)
+            r = re.compile(r, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+            regex_cache[(display_name, False, True)] = r
+
+        return r.search(body)
 
-    def _get_value(self, dotted_key):
+    def _get_value(self, dotted_key: str) -> str:
         return self._value_cache.get(dotted_key, None)
 
 
-# Caches (glob, word_boundary) -> regex for push. See _glob_matches
+# Caches (string, is_glob, word_boundary) -> regex for push. See _glob_matches
 regex_cache = LruCache(50000)
 register_cache("cache", "regex_push_cache", regex_cache)
 
 
-def _glob_matches(glob, value, word_boundary=False):
+def _glob_matches(glob: str, value: str, word_boundary: bool = False) -> bool:
     """Tests if value matches glob.
 
     Args:
-        glob (string)
-        value (string): String to test against glob.
-        word_boundary (bool): Whether to match against word boundaries or entire
+        glob
+        value: String to test against glob.
+        word_boundary: Whether to match against word boundaries or entire
             string. Defaults to False.
-
-    Returns:
-        bool
     """
 
     try:
-        r = regex_cache.get((glob, word_boundary), None)
+        r = regex_cache.get((glob, True, word_boundary), None)
         if not r:
             r = _glob_to_re(glob, word_boundary)
-            regex_cache[(glob, word_boundary)] = r
+            regex_cache[(glob, True, word_boundary)] = r
         return r.search(value)
     except re.error:
         logger.warning("Failed to parse glob to regex: %r", glob)
         return False
 
 
-def _glob_to_re(glob, word_boundary):
+def _glob_to_re(glob: str, word_boundary: bool) -> Pattern:
     """Generates regex for a given glob.
 
     Args:
-        glob (string)
-        word_boundary (bool): Whether to match against word boundaries or entire
-            string. Defaults to False.
-
-    Returns:
-        regex object
+        glob
+        word_boundary: Whether to match against word boundaries or entire string.
     """
     if IS_GLOB.search(glob):
         r = re.escape(glob)
@@ -219,7 +228,7 @@ def _glob_to_re(glob, word_boundary):
         return re.compile(r, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
 
 
-def _re_word_boundary(r):
+def _re_word_boundary(r: str) -> str:
     """
     Adds word boundary characters to the start and end of an
     expression to require that the match occur as a whole word,
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index 8de8cb2c1287..733c51b75841 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
     "sentry": ["sentry-sdk>=0.7.2"],
     "opentracing": ["jaeger-client>=4.0.0", "opentracing>=2.2.0"],
     "jwt": ["pyjwt>=1.6.4"],
+    "redis": ["txredisapi>=1.4.7"],
 }
 
 ALL_OPTIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = set()  # type: Set[str]
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
index 81c2ea7ee9f6..523a1358d4e3 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/__init__.py
@@ -20,11 +20,31 @@
 
 
 Structure of the module:
- * client.py   - the client classes used for workers to connect to master
+ * handler.py  - the classes used to handle sending/receiving commands to
+                 replication
  * command.py  - the definitions of all the valid commands
- * protocol.py - contains bot the client and server protocol implementations,
-                 these should not be used directly
- * resource.py - the server classes that accepts and handle client connections
- * streams.py  - the definitons of all the valid streams
+ * protocol.py - the TCP protocol classes
+ * resource.py - handles streaming stream updates to replications
+ * streams/    - the definitons of all the valid streams
 
+
+The general interaction of the classes are:
+
+        +---------------------+
+        | ReplicationStreamer |
+        +---------------------+
+                    |
+                    v
+        +---------------------------+     +----------------------+
+        | ReplicationCommandHandler |---->|ReplicationDataHandler|
+        +---------------------------+     +----------------------+
+                    | ^
+                    v |
+            +-------------+
+            | Protocols   |
+            | (TCP/redis) |
+            +-------------+
+
+Where the ReplicationDataHandler (or subclasses) handles incoming stream
+updates.
 """
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
index e86d9805f11c..2d07b8b2d0de 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
@@ -16,44 +16,38 @@
 """
 
 import logging
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.protocol import ReconnectingClientFactory
 
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
-from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import (
-    AbstractReplicationClientHandler,
-    ClientReplicationStreamProtocol,
-)
-
-from .commands import (
-    Command,
-    FederationAckCommand,
-    InvalidateCacheCommand,
-    RemoteServerUpCommand,
-    RemovePusherCommand,
-    UserIpCommand,
-    UserSyncCommand,
-)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+    from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class ReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
+class DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
     """Factory for building connections to the master. Will reconnect if the
     connection is lost.
 
-    Accepts a handler that will be called when new data is available or data
-    is required.
+    Accepts a handler that is passed to `ClientReplicationStreamProtocol`.
     """
 
     initialDelay = 0.1
     maxDelay = 1  # Try at least once every N seconds
 
-    def __init__(self, hs, client_name, handler: AbstractReplicationClientHandler):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hs: "HomeServer",
+        client_name: str,
+        command_handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler",
+    ):
         self.client_name = client_name
-        self.handler = handler
+        self.command_handler = command_handler
         self.server_name = hs.config.server_name
         self.hs = hs
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()  # As self.clock is defined in super class
@@ -66,7 +60,11 @@ def startedConnecting(self, connector):
     def buildProtocol(self, addr):
         logger.info("Connected to replication: %r", addr)
         return ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            self.hs, self.client_name, self.server_name, self._clock, self.handler,
+            self.hs,
+            self.client_name,
+            self.server_name,
+            self._clock,
+            self.command_handler,
         )
 
     def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
@@ -78,41 +76,17 @@ def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
         ReconnectingClientFactory.clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason)
 
 
-class ReplicationClientHandler(AbstractReplicationClientHandler):
-    """A base handler that can be passed to the ReplicationClientFactory.
+class ReplicationDataHandler:
+    """Handles incoming stream updates from replication.
 
-    By default proxies incoming replication data to the SlaveStore.
+    This instance notifies the slave data store about updates. Can be subclassed
+    to handle updates in additional ways.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, store: BaseSlavedStore):
         self.store = store
 
-        # The current connection. None if we are currently (re)connecting
-        self.connection = None
-
-        # Any pending commands to be sent once a new connection has been
-        # established
-        self.pending_commands = []  # type: List[Command]
-
-        # Map from string -> deferred, to wake up when receiveing a SYNC with
-        # the given string.
-        # Used for tests.
-        self.awaiting_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[str, defer.Deferred]
-
-        # The factory used to create connections.
-        self.factory = None  # type: Optional[ReplicationClientFactory]
-
-    def start_replication(self, hs):
-        """Helper method to start a replication connection to the remote server
-        using TCP.
-        """
-        client_name = hs.config.worker_name
-        self.factory = ReplicationClientFactory(hs, client_name, self)
-        host = hs.config.worker_replication_host
-        port = hs.config.worker_replication_port
-        hs.get_reactor().connectTCP(host, port, self.factory)
-
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
+    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name: str, token: int, rows: list):
         """Called to handle a batch of replication data with a given stream token.
 
         By default this just pokes the slave store. Can be overridden in subclasses to
@@ -124,30 +98,8 @@ async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
             rows (list): a list of Stream.ROW_TYPE objects as returned by
                 Stream.parse_row.
         """
-        logger.debug("Received rdata %s -> %s", stream_name, token)
         self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, rows)
 
-    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Called when we get new position data. By default this just pokes
-        the slave store.
-
-        Can be overriden in subclasses to handle more.
-        """
-        self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, [])
-
-    def on_sync(self, data):
-        """When we received a SYNC we wake up any deferreds that were waiting
-        for the sync with the given data.
-
-        Used by tests.
-        """
-        d = self.awaiting_syncs.pop(data, None)
-        if d:
-            d.callback(data)
-
-    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
-
     def get_streams_to_replicate(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
         """Called when a new connection has been established and we need to
         subscribe to streams.
@@ -163,85 +115,10 @@ def get_streams_to_replicate(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
             args["account_data"] = user_account_data
         elif room_account_data:
             args["account_data"] = room_account_data
-
         return args
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        """Get the list of currently syncing users (if any). This is called
-        when a connection has been established and we need to send the
-        currently syncing users. (Overriden by the synchrotron's only)
-        """
-        return []
-
-    def send_command(self, cmd):
-        """Send a command to master (when we get establish a connection if we
-        don't have one already.)
-        """
-        if self.connection:
-            self.connection.send_command(cmd)
-        else:
-            logger.warning("Queuing command as not connected: %r", cmd.NAME)
-            self.pending_commands.append(cmd)
-
-    def send_federation_ack(self, token):
-        """Ack data for the federation stream. This allows the master to drop
-        data stored purely in memory.
-        """
-        self.send_command(FederationAckCommand(token))
-
-    def send_user_sync(self, instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
-        """Poke the master that a user has started/stopped syncing.
-        """
-        self.send_command(
-            UserSyncCommand(instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms)
-        )
-
-    def send_remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
-        """Poke the master to remove a pusher for a user
-        """
-        cmd = RemovePusherCommand(app_id, push_key, user_id)
-        self.send_command(cmd)
-
-    def send_invalidate_cache(self, cache_func, keys):
-        """Poke the master to invalidate a cache.
-        """
-        cmd = InvalidateCacheCommand(cache_func.__name__, keys)
-        self.send_command(cmd)
-
-    def send_user_ip(self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen):
-        """Tell the master that the user made a request.
-        """
-        cmd = UserIpCommand(user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
-        self.send_command(cmd)
-
-    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        self.send_command(RemoteServerUpCommand(server))
-
-    def await_sync(self, data):
-        """Returns a deferred that is resolved when we receive a SYNC command
-        with given data.
-
-        [Not currently] used by tests.
-        """
-        return self.awaiting_syncs.setdefault(data, defer.Deferred())
-
-    def update_connection(self, connection):
-        """Called when a connection has been established (or lost with None).
-        """
-        self.connection = connection
-        if connection:
-            for cmd in self.pending_commands:
-                connection.send_command(cmd)
-            self.pending_commands = []
-
-    def finished_connecting(self):
-        """Called when we have successfully subscribed and caught up to all
-        streams we're interested in.
-        """
-        logger.info("Finished connecting to server")
+    async def on_position(self, stream_name: str, token: int):
+        self.store.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, [])
 
-        # We don't reset the delay any earlier as otherwise if there is a
-        # problem during start up we'll end up tight looping connecting to the
-        # server.
-        if self.factory:
-            self.factory.resetDelay()
+    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
+        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
index e4eec643f7f9..c7880d4b632b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 The VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS and VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS define which commands are
 allowed to be sent by which side.
 """
-
+import abc
 import logging
 import platform
 from typing import Tuple, Type
@@ -34,34 +34,29 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class Command(object):
+class Command(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """The base command class.
 
     All subclasses must set the NAME variable which equates to the name of the
     command on the wire.
 
     A full command line on the wire is constructed from `NAME + " " + to_line()`
-
-    The default implementation creates a command of form `<NAME> <data>`
     """
 
     NAME = None  # type: str
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.data = data
-
     @classmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
     def from_line(cls, line):
         """Deserialises a line from the wire into this command. `line` does not
         include the command.
         """
-        return cls(line)
 
-    def to_line(self):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def to_line(self) -> str:
         """Serialises the comamnd for the wire. Does not include the command
         prefix.
         """
-        return self.data
 
     def get_logcontext_id(self):
         """Get a suitable string for the logcontext when processing this command"""
@@ -70,7 +65,21 @@ def get_logcontext_id(self):
         return self.NAME
 
 
-class ServerCommand(Command):
+class _SimpleCommand(Command):
+    """An implementation of Command whose argument is just a 'data' string."""
+
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.data = data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line):
+        return cls(line)
+
+    def to_line(self) -> str:
+        return self.data
+
+
+class ServerCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by the server on new connection and includes the server_name.
 
     Format::
@@ -155,7 +164,7 @@ def to_line(self):
         return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token)))
 
 
-class ErrorCommand(Command):
+class ErrorCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by either side if there was an ERROR. The data is a string describing
     the error.
     """
@@ -163,14 +172,14 @@ class ErrorCommand(Command):
     NAME = "ERROR"
 
 
-class PingCommand(Command):
+class PingCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by either side as a keep alive. The data is arbitary (often timestamp)
     """
 
     NAME = "PING"
 
 
-class NameCommand(Command):
+class NameCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent by client to inform the server of the client's identity. The data
     is the name
     """
@@ -201,7 +210,10 @@ def to_line(self):
 
 class UserSyncCommand(Command):
     """Sent by the client to inform the server that a user has started or
-    stopped syncing. Used to calculate presence on the master.
+    stopped syncing on this process.
+
+    This is used by the process handling presence (typically the master) to
+    calculate who is online and who is not.
 
     Includes a timestamp of when the last user sync was.
 
@@ -209,7 +221,7 @@ class UserSyncCommand(Command):
 
         USER_SYNC <instance_id> <user_id> <state> <last_sync_ms>
 
-    Where <state> is either "start" or "stop"
+    Where <state> is either "start" or "end"
     """
 
     NAME = "USER_SYNC"
@@ -289,14 +301,6 @@ def to_line(self):
         return str(self.token)
 
 
-class SyncCommand(Command):
-    """Used for testing. The client protocol implementation allows waiting
-    on a SYNC command with a specified data.
-    """
-
-    NAME = "SYNC"
-
-
 class RemovePusherCommand(Command):
     """Sent by the client to request the master remove the given pusher.
 
@@ -395,7 +399,7 @@ def to_line(self):
         )
 
 
-class RemoteServerUpCommand(Command):
+class RemoteServerUpCommand(_SimpleCommand):
     """Sent when a worker has detected that a remote server is no longer
     "down" and retry timings should be reset.
 
@@ -419,7 +423,6 @@ class RemoteServerUpCommand(Command):
     ReplicateCommand,
     UserSyncCommand,
     FederationAckCommand,
-    SyncCommand,
     RemovePusherCommand,
     InvalidateCacheCommand,
     UserIpCommand,
@@ -437,7 +440,6 @@ class RemoteServerUpCommand(Command):
     PositionCommand.NAME,
     ErrorCommand.NAME,
     PingCommand.NAME,
-    SyncCommand.NAME,
     RemoteServerUpCommand.NAME,
 )
 
@@ -455,3 +457,21 @@ class RemoteServerUpCommand(Command):
     ErrorCommand.NAME,
     RemoteServerUpCommand.NAME,
 )
+
+
+def parse_command_from_line(line: str) -> Command:
+    """Parses a command from a received line.
+
+    Line should already be stripped of whitespace and be checked if blank.
+    """
+
+    idx = line.find(" ")
+    if idx >= 0:
+        cmd_name = line[:idx]
+        rest_of_line = line[idx + 1 :]
+    else:
+        cmd_name = line
+        rest_of_line = ""
+
+    cmd_cls = COMMAND_MAP[cmd_name]
+    return cmd_cls.from_line(rest_of_line)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0db5a3a24d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+)
+
+from prometheus_client import Counter
+
+from twisted.internet.protocol import ReconnectingClientFactory
+
+from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
+    ClearUserSyncsCommand,
+    Command,
+    FederationAckCommand,
+    InvalidateCacheCommand,
+    PositionCommand,
+    RdataCommand,
+    RemoteServerUpCommand,
+    RemovePusherCommand,
+    ReplicateCommand,
+    UserIpCommand,
+    UserSyncCommand,
+)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import AbstractConnection
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import STREAMS_MAP, Stream
+from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# number of updates received for each RDATA stream
+inbound_rdata_count = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_inbound_rdata_count", "", ["stream_name"]
+)
+user_sync_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_sync", "")
+federation_ack_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_federation_ack", "")
+remove_pusher_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_remove_pusher", "")
+invalidate_cache_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_invalidate_cache", ""
+)
+user_ip_cache_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_ip_cache", "")
+
+
+class ReplicationCommandHandler:
+    """Handles incoming commands from replication as well as sending commands
+    back out to connections.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self._replication_data_handler = hs.get_replication_data_handler()
+        self._presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+        self._store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self._notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self._instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
+
+        # Set of streams that we've caught up with.
+        self._streams_connected = set()  # type: Set[str]
+
+        self._streams = {
+            stream.NAME: stream(hs) for stream in STREAMS_MAP.values()
+        }  # type: Dict[str, Stream]
+
+        self._position_linearizer = Linearizer("replication_position")
+
+        # Map of stream to batched updates. See RdataCommand for info on how
+        # batching works.
+        self._pending_batches = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Any]]
+
+        # The factory used to create connections.
+        self._factory = None  # type: Optional[ReconnectingClientFactory]
+
+        # The currently connected connections.
+        self._connections = []  # type: List[AbstractConnection]
+
+        LaterGauge(
+            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_total_connections",
+            "",
+            [],
+            lambda: len(self._connections),
+        )
+
+        self._is_master = hs.config.worker_app is None
+
+        self._federation_sender = None
+        if self._is_master and not hs.config.send_federation:
+            self._federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
+
+        self._server_notices_sender = None
+        if self._is_master:
+            self._server_notices_sender = hs.get_server_notices_sender()
+            self._notifier.add_remote_server_up_callback(self.send_remote_server_up)
+
+    def start_replication(self, hs):
+        """Helper method to start a replication connection to the remote server
+        using TCP.
+        """
+        if hs.config.redis.redis_enabled:
+            from synapse.replication.tcp.redis import (
+                RedisDirectTcpReplicationClientFactory,
+            )
+            import txredisapi
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Connecting to redis (host=%r port=%r DBID=%r)",
+                hs.config.redis_host,
+                hs.config.redis_port,
+                hs.config.redis_dbid,
+            )
+
+            # We need two connections to redis, one for the subscription stream and
+            # one to send commands to (as you can't send further redis commands to a
+            # connection after SUBSCRIBE is called).
+
+            # First create the connection for sending commands.
+            outbound_redis_connection = txredisapi.lazyConnection(
+                host=hs.config.redis_host,
+                port=hs.config.redis_port,
+                dbid=hs.config.redis_dbid,
+                password=hs.config.redis.redis_password,
+                reconnect=True,
+            )
+
+            # Now create the factory/connection for the subscription stream.
+            self._factory = RedisDirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(
+                hs, outbound_redis_connection
+            )
+            hs.get_reactor().connectTCP(
+                hs.config.redis.redis_host, hs.config.redis.redis_port, self._factory,
+            )
+        else:
+            client_name = hs.config.worker_name
+            self._factory = DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(hs, client_name, self)
+            host = hs.config.worker_replication_host
+            port = hs.config.worker_replication_port
+            hs.get_reactor().connectTCP(host, port, self._factory)
+
+    async def on_REPLICATE(self, cmd: ReplicateCommand):
+        # We only want to announce positions by the writer of the streams.
+        # Currently this is just the master process.
+        if not self._is_master:
+            return
+
+        for stream_name, stream in self._streams.items():
+            current_token = stream.current_token()
+            self.send_command(PositionCommand(stream_name, current_token))
+
+    async def on_USER_SYNC(self, cmd: UserSyncCommand):
+        user_sync_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._presence_handler.update_external_syncs_row(
+                cmd.instance_id, cmd.user_id, cmd.is_syncing, cmd.last_sync_ms
+            )
+
+    async def on_CLEAR_USER_SYNC(self, cmd: ClearUserSyncsCommand):
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._presence_handler.update_external_syncs_clear(cmd.instance_id)
+
+    async def on_FEDERATION_ACK(self, cmd: FederationAckCommand):
+        federation_ack_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._federation_sender:
+            self._federation_sender.federation_ack(cmd.token)
+
+    async def on_REMOVE_PUSHER(self, cmd: RemovePusherCommand):
+        remove_pusher_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._store.delete_pusher_by_app_id_pushkey_user_id(
+                app_id=cmd.app_id, pushkey=cmd.push_key, user_id=cmd.user_id
+            )
+
+            self._notifier.on_new_replication_data()
+
+    async def on_INVALIDATE_CACHE(self, cmd: InvalidateCacheCommand):
+        invalidate_cache_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            # We invalidate the cache locally, but then also stream that to other
+            # workers.
+            await self._store.invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                cmd.cache_func, tuple(cmd.keys)
+            )
+
+    async def on_USER_IP(self, cmd: UserIpCommand):
+        user_ip_cache_counter.inc()
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            await self._store.insert_client_ip(
+                cmd.user_id,
+                cmd.access_token,
+                cmd.ip,
+                cmd.user_agent,
+                cmd.device_id,
+                cmd.last_seen,
+            )
+
+        if self._server_notices_sender:
+            await self._server_notices_sender.on_user_ip(cmd.user_id)
+
+    async def on_RDATA(self, cmd: RdataCommand):
+        stream_name = cmd.stream_name
+        inbound_rdata_count.labels(stream_name).inc()
+
+        try:
+            row = STREAMS_MAP[stream_name].parse_row(cmd.row)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to parse RDATA: %r %r", stream_name, cmd.row)
+            raise
+
+        # We linearize here for two reasons:
+        #   1. so we don't try and concurrently handle multiple rows for the
+        #      same stream, and
+        #   2. so we don't race with getting a POSITION command and fetching
+        #      missing RDATA.
+        with await self._position_linearizer.queue(cmd.stream_name):
+            if stream_name not in self._streams_connected:
+                # If the stream isn't marked as connected then we haven't seen a
+                # `POSITION` command yet, and so we may have missed some rows.
+                # Let's drop the row for now, on the assumption we'll receive a
+                # `POSITION` soon and we'll catch up correctly then.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Discarding RDATA for unconnected stream %s -> %s",
+                    stream_name,
+                    cmd.token,
+                )
+                return
+
+            if cmd.token is None:
+                # I.e. this is part of a batch of updates for this stream (in
+                # which case batch until we get an update for the stream with a non
+                # None token).
+                self._pending_batches.setdefault(stream_name, []).append(row)
+            else:
+                # Check if this is the last of a batch of updates
+                rows = self._pending_batches.pop(stream_name, [])
+                rows.append(row)
+                await self.on_rdata(stream_name, cmd.token, rows)
+
+    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name: str, token: int, rows: list):
+        """Called to handle a batch of replication data with a given stream token.
+
+        Args:
+            stream_name: name of the replication stream for this batch of rows
+            token: stream token for this batch of rows
+            rows: a list of Stream.ROW_TYPE objects as returned by
+                Stream.parse_row.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Received rdata %s -> %s", stream_name, token)
+        await self._replication_data_handler.on_rdata(stream_name, token, rows)
+
+    async def on_POSITION(self, cmd: PositionCommand):
+        stream = self._streams.get(cmd.stream_name)
+        if not stream:
+            logger.error("Got POSITION for unknown stream: %s", cmd.stream_name)
+            return
+
+        # We protect catching up with a linearizer in case the replication
+        # connection reconnects under us.
+        with await self._position_linearizer.queue(cmd.stream_name):
+            # We're about to go and catch up with the stream, so remove from set
+            # of connected streams.
+            self._streams_connected.discard(cmd.stream_name)
+
+            # We clear the pending batches for the stream as the fetching of the
+            # missing updates below will fetch all rows in the batch.
+            self._pending_batches.pop(cmd.stream_name, [])
+
+            # Find where we previously streamed up to.
+            current_token = self._replication_data_handler.get_streams_to_replicate().get(
+                cmd.stream_name
+            )
+            if current_token is None:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Got POSITION for stream we're not subscribed to: %s",
+                    cmd.stream_name,
+                )
+                return
+
+            # If the position token matches our current token then we're up to
+            # date and there's nothing to do. Otherwise, fetch all updates
+            # between then and now.
+            missing_updates = cmd.token != current_token
+            while missing_updates:
+                (
+                    updates,
+                    current_token,
+                    missing_updates,
+                ) = await stream.get_updates_since(current_token, cmd.token)
+
+                # TODO: add some tests for this
+
+                # Some streams return multiple rows with the same stream IDs,
+                # which need to be processed in batches.
+
+                for token, rows in _batch_updates(updates):
+                    await self.on_rdata(
+                        cmd.stream_name, token, [stream.parse_row(row) for row in rows],
+                    )
+
+            # We've now caught up to position sent to us, notify handler.
+            await self._replication_data_handler.on_position(cmd.stream_name, cmd.token)
+
+            self._streams_connected.add(cmd.stream_name)
+
+    async def on_REMOTE_SERVER_UP(self, cmd: RemoteServerUpCommand):
+        """"Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
+        self._replication_data_handler.on_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
+
+        if self._is_master:
+            self._notifier.notify_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
+
+    def new_connection(self, connection: AbstractConnection):
+        """Called when we have a new connection.
+        """
+        self._connections.append(connection)
+
+        # If we are connected to replication as a client (rather than a server)
+        # we need to reset the reconnection delay on the client factory (which
+        # is used to do exponential back off when the connection drops).
+        #
+        # Ideally we would reset the delay when we've "fully established" the
+        # connection (for some definition thereof) to stop us from tightlooping
+        # on reconnection if something fails after this point and we drop the
+        # connection. Unfortunately, we don't really have a better definition of
+        # "fully established" than the connection being established.
+        if self._factory:
+            self._factory.resetDelay()
+
+        # Tell the other end if we have any users currently syncing.
+        currently_syncing = (
+            self._presence_handler.get_currently_syncing_users_for_replication()
+        )
+
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+        for user_id in currently_syncing:
+            connection.send_command(
+                UserSyncCommand(self._instance_id, user_id, True, now)
+            )
+
+    def lost_connection(self, connection: AbstractConnection):
+        """Called when a connection is closed/lost.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._connections.remove(connection)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    def connected(self) -> bool:
+        """Do we have any replication connections open?
+
+        Is used by e.g. `ReplicationStreamer` to no-op if nothing is connected.
+        """
+        return bool(self._connections)
+
+    def send_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Send a command to all connected connections.
+        """
+        if self._connections:
+            for connection in self._connections:
+                try:
+                    connection.send_command(cmd)
+                except Exception:
+                    # We probably want to catch some types of exceptions here
+                    # and log them as warnings (e.g. connection gone), but I
+                    # can't find what those exception types they would be.
+                    logger.exception(
+                        "Failed to write command %s to connection %s",
+                        cmd.NAME,
+                        connection,
+                    )
+        else:
+            logger.warning("Dropping command as not connected: %r", cmd.NAME)
+
+    def send_federation_ack(self, token: int):
+        """Ack data for the federation stream. This allows the master to drop
+        data stored purely in memory.
+        """
+        self.send_command(FederationAckCommand(token))
+
+    def send_user_sync(
+        self, instance_id: str, user_id: str, is_syncing: bool, last_sync_ms: int
+    ):
+        """Poke the master that a user has started/stopped syncing.
+        """
+        self.send_command(
+            UserSyncCommand(instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms)
+        )
+
+    def send_remove_pusher(self, app_id: str, push_key: str, user_id: str):
+        """Poke the master to remove a pusher for a user
+        """
+        cmd = RemovePusherCommand(app_id, push_key, user_id)
+        self.send_command(cmd)
+
+    def send_invalidate_cache(self, cache_func: Callable, keys: tuple):
+        """Poke the master to invalidate a cache.
+        """
+        cmd = InvalidateCacheCommand(cache_func.__name__, keys)
+        self.send_command(cmd)
+
+    def send_user_ip(
+        self,
+        user_id: str,
+        access_token: str,
+        ip: str,
+        user_agent: str,
+        device_id: str,
+        last_seen: int,
+    ):
+        """Tell the master that the user made a request.
+        """
+        cmd = UserIpCommand(user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
+        self.send_command(cmd)
+
+    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
+        self.send_command(RemoteServerUpCommand(server))
+
+    def stream_update(self, stream_name: str, token: str, data: Any):
+        """Called when a new update is available to stream to clients.
+
+        We need to check if the client is interested in the stream or not
+        """
+        self.send_command(RdataCommand(stream_name, token, data))
+
+
+UpdateToken = TypeVar("UpdateToken")
+UpdateRow = TypeVar("UpdateRow")
+
+
+def _batch_updates(
+    updates: Iterable[Tuple[UpdateToken, UpdateRow]]
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[UpdateToken, List[UpdateRow]]]:
+    """Collect stream updates with the same token together
+
+    Given a series of updates returned by Stream.get_updates_since(), collects
+    the updates which share the same stream_id together.
+
+    For example:
+
+        [(1, a), (1, b), (2, c), (3, d), (3, e)]
+
+    becomes:
+
+        [
+            (1, [a, b]),
+            (2, [c]),
+            (3, [d, e]),
+        ]
+    """
+
+    update_iter = iter(updates)
+
+    first_update = next(update_iter, None)
+    if first_update is None:
+        # empty input
+        return
+
+    current_batch_token = first_update[0]
+    current_batch = [first_update[1]]
+
+    for token, row in update_iter:
+        if token != current_batch_token:
+            # different token to the previous row: flush the previous
+            # batch and start anew
+            yield current_batch_token, current_batch
+            current_batch_token = token
+            current_batch = []
+
+        current_batch.append(row)
+
+    # flush the final batch
+    yield current_batch_token, current_batch
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
index dae246825fb0..e3f64eba8f2b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
@@ -50,10 +50,7 @@
 import fcntl
 import logging
 import struct
-from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Any, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set
-
-from six import iteritems
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
@@ -63,28 +60,22 @@
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
-    COMMAND_MAP,
     VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS,
     VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS,
     Command,
     ErrorCommand,
     NameCommand,
     PingCommand,
-    PositionCommand,
-    RdataCommand,
-    RemoteServerUpCommand,
     ReplicateCommand,
     ServerCommand,
-    SyncCommand,
-    UserSyncCommand,
+    parse_command_from_line,
 )
-from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import STREAMS_MAP, Stream
 from synapse.types import Collection
 from synapse.util import Clock
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
 
-MYPY = False
-if MYPY:
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
     from synapse.server import HomeServer
 
 
@@ -92,6 +83,18 @@
     "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_close_reason", "", ["reason_type"]
 )
 
+tcp_inbound_commands_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_inbound_commands",
+    "Number of commands received from replication, by command and name of process connected to",
+    ["command", "name"],
+)
+
+tcp_outbound_commands_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_outbound_commands",
+    "Number of commands sent to replication, by command and name of process connected to",
+    ["command", "name"],
+)
+
 # A list of all connected protocols. This allows us to send metrics about the
 # connections.
 connected_connections = []
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
     are only sent by the server.
 
     On receiving a new command it calls `on_<COMMAND_NAME>` with the parsed
-    command.
+    command before delegating to `ReplicationCommandHandler.on_<COMMAND_NAME>`.
 
     It also sends `PING` periodically, and correctly times out remote connections
     (if they send a `PING` command)
@@ -136,8 +139,9 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
 
     max_line_buffer = 10000
 
-    def __init__(self, clock):
+    def __init__(self, clock: Clock, handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler"):
         self.clock = clock
+        self.command_handler = handler
 
         self.last_received_command = self.clock.time_msec()
         self.last_sent_command = 0
@@ -156,9 +160,6 @@ def __init__(self, clock):
         # The LoopingCall for sending pings.
         self._send_ping_loop = None
 
-        self.inbound_commands_counter = defaultdict(int)  # type: DefaultDict[str, int]
-        self.outbound_commands_counter = defaultdict(int)  # type: DefaultDict[str, int]
-
     def connectionMade(self):
         logger.info("[%s] Connection established", self.id())
 
@@ -177,6 +178,8 @@ def connectionMade(self):
         # can time us out.
         self.send_command(PingCommand(self.clock.time_msec()))
 
+        self.command_handler.new_connection(self)
+
     def send_ping(self):
         """Periodically sends a ping and checks if we should close the connection
         due to the other side timing out.
@@ -204,38 +207,30 @@ def send_ping(self):
                 )
                 self.send_error("ping timeout")
 
-    def lineReceived(self, line):
+    def lineReceived(self, line: bytes):
         """Called when we've received a line
         """
         if line.strip() == "":
             # Ignore blank lines
             return
 
-        line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        cmd_name, rest_of_line = line.split(" ", 1)
+        linestr = line.decode("utf-8")
+
+        try:
+            cmd = parse_command_from_line(linestr)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.exception("[%s] failed to parse line: %r", self.id(), linestr)
+            self.send_error("failed to parse line: %r (%r):" % (e, linestr))
+            return
 
-        if cmd_name not in self.VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS:
-            logger.error("[%s] invalid command %s", self.id(), cmd_name)
-            self.send_error("invalid command: %s", cmd_name)
+        if cmd.NAME not in self.VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS:
+            logger.error("[%s] invalid command %s", self.id(), cmd.NAME)
+            self.send_error("invalid command: %s", cmd.NAME)
             return
 
         self.last_received_command = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] = (
-            self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] + 1
-        )
-
-        cmd_cls = COMMAND_MAP[cmd_name]
-        try:
-            cmd = cmd_cls.from_line(rest_of_line)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception(
-                "[%s] failed to parse line %r: %r", self.id(), cmd_name, rest_of_line
-            )
-            self.send_error(
-                "failed to parse line for  %r: %r (%r):" % (cmd_name, e, rest_of_line)
-            )
-            return
+        tcp_inbound_commands_counter.labels(cmd.NAME, self.name).inc()
 
         # Now lets try and call on_<CMD_NAME> function
         run_as_background_process(
@@ -245,13 +240,31 @@ def lineReceived(self, line):
     async def handle_command(self, cmd: Command):
         """Handle a command we have received over the replication stream.
 
-        By default delegates to on_<COMMAND>, which should return an awaitable.
+        First calls `self.on_<COMMAND>` if it exists, then calls
+        `self.command_handler.on_<COMMAND>` if it exists. This allows for
+        protocol level handling of commands (e.g. PINGs), before delegating to
+        the handler.
 
         Args:
             cmd: received command
         """
-        handler = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,))
-        await handler(cmd)
+        handled = False
+
+        # First call any command handlers on this instance. These are for TCP
+        # specific handling.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        # Then call out to the handler.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self.command_handler, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        if not handled:
+            logger.warning("Unhandled command: %r", cmd)
 
     def close(self):
         logger.warning("[%s] Closing connection", self.id())
@@ -283,9 +296,8 @@ def send_command(self, cmd, do_buffer=True):
             self._queue_command(cmd)
             return
 
-        self.outbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] = (
-            self.outbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] + 1
-        )
+        tcp_outbound_commands_counter.labels(cmd.NAME, self.name).inc()
+
         string = "%s %s" % (cmd.NAME, cmd.to_line())
         if "\n" in string:
             raise Exception("Unexpected newline in command: %r", string)
@@ -380,6 +392,8 @@ def on_connection_closed(self):
         self.state = ConnectionStates.CLOSED
         self.pending_commands = []
 
+        self.command_handler.lost_connection(self)
+
         if self.transport:
             self.transport.unregisterProducer()
 
@@ -406,139 +420,21 @@ class ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
     VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS = VALID_CLIENT_COMMANDS
     VALID_OUTBOUND_COMMANDS = VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS
 
-    def __init__(self, server_name, clock, streamer):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.__init__(self, clock)  # Old style class
+    def __init__(
+        self, server_name: str, clock: Clock, handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler"
+    ):
+        super().__init__(clock, handler)
 
         self.server_name = server_name
-        self.streamer = streamer
 
     def connectionMade(self):
         self.send_command(ServerCommand(self.server_name))
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.connectionMade(self)
-        self.streamer.new_connection(self)
+        super().connectionMade()
 
     async def on_NAME(self, cmd):
         logger.info("[%s] Renamed to %r", self.id(), cmd.data)
         self.name = cmd.data
 
-    async def on_USER_SYNC(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_user_sync(
-            cmd.instance_id, cmd.user_id, cmd.is_syncing, cmd.last_sync_ms
-        )
-
-    async def on_CLEAR_USER_SYNC(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_clear_user_syncs(cmd.instance_id)
-
-    async def on_REPLICATE(self, cmd):
-        # Subscribe to all streams we're publishing to.
-        for stream_name in self.streamer.streams_by_name:
-            current_token = self.streamer.get_stream_token(stream_name)
-            self.send_command(PositionCommand(stream_name, current_token))
-
-    async def on_FEDERATION_ACK(self, cmd):
-        self.streamer.federation_ack(cmd.token)
-
-    async def on_REMOVE_PUSHER(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_remove_pusher(cmd.app_id, cmd.push_key, cmd.user_id)
-
-    async def on_INVALIDATE_CACHE(self, cmd):
-        await self.streamer.on_invalidate_cache(cmd.cache_func, cmd.keys)
-
-    async def on_REMOTE_SERVER_UP(self, cmd: RemoteServerUpCommand):
-        self.streamer.on_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
-
-    async def on_USER_IP(self, cmd):
-        self.streamer.on_user_ip(
-            cmd.user_id,
-            cmd.access_token,
-            cmd.ip,
-            cmd.user_agent,
-            cmd.device_id,
-            cmd.last_seen,
-        )
-
-    def stream_update(self, stream_name, token, data):
-        """Called when a new update is available to stream to clients.
-
-        We need to check if the client is interested in the stream or not
-        """
-        self.send_command(RdataCommand(stream_name, token, data))
-
-    def send_sync(self, data):
-        self.send_command(SyncCommand(data))
-
-    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        self.send_command(RemoteServerUpCommand(server))
-
-    def on_connection_closed(self):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.on_connection_closed(self)
-        self.streamer.lost_connection(self)
-
-
-class AbstractReplicationClientHandler(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-    """
-    The interface for the handler that should be passed to
-    ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
-    """
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
-        """Called to handle a batch of replication data with a given stream token.
-
-        Args:
-            stream_name (str): name of the replication stream for this batch of rows
-            token (int): stream token for this batch of rows
-            rows (list): a list of Stream.ROW_TYPE objects as returned by
-                Stream.parse_row.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Called when we get new position data."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def on_sync(self, data):
-        """Called when get a new SYNC command."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        """Called when get a new REMOTE_SERVER_UP command."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
-        """Called when a new connection has been established and we need to
-        subscribe to streams.
-
-        Returns:
-            map from stream name to the most recent update we have for
-            that stream (ie, the point we want to start replicating from)
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        """Get the list of currently syncing users (if any). This is called
-        when a connection has been established and we need to send the
-        currently syncing users."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def update_connection(self, connection):
-        """Called when a connection has been established (or lost with None).
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def finished_connecting(self):
-        """Called when we have successfully subscribed and caught up to all
-        streams we're interested in.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
 
 class ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
     VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS = VALID_SERVER_COMMANDS
@@ -550,129 +446,25 @@ def __init__(
         client_name: str,
         server_name: str,
         clock: Clock,
-        handler: AbstractReplicationClientHandler,
+        command_handler: "ReplicationCommandHandler",
     ):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.__init__(self, clock)
-
-        self.instance_id = hs.get_instance_id()
+        super().__init__(clock, command_handler)
 
         self.client_name = client_name
         self.server_name = server_name
-        self.handler = handler
-
-        self.streams = {
-            stream.NAME: stream(hs) for stream in STREAMS_MAP.values()
-        }  # type: Dict[str, Stream]
-
-        # Set of stream names that have been subscribe to, but haven't yet
-        # caught up with. This is used to track when the client has been fully
-        # connected to the remote.
-        self.streams_connecting = set(STREAMS_MAP)  # type: Set[str]
-
-        # Map of stream to batched updates. See RdataCommand for info on how
-        # batching works.
-        self.pending_batches = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Any]]
 
     def connectionMade(self):
         self.send_command(NameCommand(self.client_name))
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.connectionMade(self)
+        super().connectionMade()
 
         # Once we've connected subscribe to the necessary streams
         self.replicate()
 
-        # Tell the server if we have any users currently syncing (should only
-        # happen on synchrotrons)
-        currently_syncing = self.handler.get_currently_syncing_users()
-        now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        for user_id in currently_syncing:
-            self.send_command(UserSyncCommand(self.instance_id, user_id, True, now))
-
-        # We've now finished connecting to so inform the client handler
-        self.handler.update_connection(self)
-
     async def on_SERVER(self, cmd):
         if cmd.data != self.server_name:
             logger.error("[%s] Connected to wrong remote: %r", self.id(), cmd.data)
             self.send_error("Wrong remote")
 
-    async def on_RDATA(self, cmd):
-        stream_name = cmd.stream_name
-        inbound_rdata_count.labels(stream_name).inc()
-
-        try:
-            row = STREAMS_MAP[stream_name].parse_row(cmd.row)
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception(
-                "[%s] Failed to parse RDATA: %r %r", self.id(), stream_name, cmd.row
-            )
-            raise
-
-        if cmd.token is None or stream_name in self.streams_connecting:
-            # I.e. this is part of a batch of updates for this stream. Batch
-            # until we get an update for the stream with a non None token
-            self.pending_batches.setdefault(stream_name, []).append(row)
-        else:
-            # Check if this is the last of a batch of updates
-            rows = self.pending_batches.pop(stream_name, [])
-            rows.append(row)
-            await self.handler.on_rdata(stream_name, cmd.token, rows)
-
-    async def on_POSITION(self, cmd: PositionCommand):
-        stream = self.streams.get(cmd.stream_name)
-        if not stream:
-            logger.error("Got POSITION for unknown stream: %s", cmd.stream_name)
-            return
-
-        # Find where we previously streamed up to.
-        current_token = self.handler.get_streams_to_replicate().get(cmd.stream_name)
-        if current_token is None:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Got POSITION for stream we're not subscribed to: %s", cmd.stream_name
-            )
-            return
-
-        # Fetch all updates between then and now.
-        limited = True
-        while limited:
-            updates, current_token, limited = await stream.get_updates_since(
-                current_token, cmd.token
-            )
-
-            # Check if the connection was closed underneath us, if so we bail
-            # rather than risk having concurrent catch ups going on.
-            if self.state == ConnectionStates.CLOSED:
-                return
-
-            if updates:
-                await self.handler.on_rdata(
-                    cmd.stream_name,
-                    current_token,
-                    [stream.parse_row(update[1]) for update in updates],
-                )
-
-        # We've now caught up to position sent to us, notify handler.
-        await self.handler.on_position(cmd.stream_name, cmd.token)
-
-        self.streams_connecting.discard(cmd.stream_name)
-        if not self.streams_connecting:
-            self.handler.finished_connecting()
-
-        # Check if the connection was closed underneath us, if so we bail
-        # rather than risk having concurrent catch ups going on.
-        if self.state == ConnectionStates.CLOSED:
-            return
-
-        # Handle any RDATA that came in while we were catching up.
-        rows = self.pending_batches.pop(cmd.stream_name, [])
-        if rows:
-            await self.handler.on_rdata(cmd.stream_name, rows[-1].token, rows)
-
-    async def on_SYNC(self, cmd):
-        self.handler.on_sync(cmd.data)
-
-    async def on_REMOTE_SERVER_UP(self, cmd: RemoteServerUpCommand):
-        self.handler.on_remote_server_up(cmd.data)
-
     def replicate(self):
         """Send the subscription request to the server
         """
@@ -680,9 +472,21 @@ def replicate(self):
 
         self.send_command(ReplicateCommand())
 
-    def on_connection_closed(self):
-        BaseReplicationStreamProtocol.on_connection_closed(self)
-        self.handler.update_connection(None)
+
+class AbstractConnection(abc.ABC):
+    """An interface for replication connections.
+    """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def send_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Send the command down the connection
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+# This tells python that `BaseReplicationStreamProtocol` implements the
+# interface.
+AbstractConnection.register(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol)
 
 
 # The following simply registers metrics for the replication connections
@@ -745,31 +549,3 @@ def transport_kernel_read_buffer_size(protocol, read=True):
         for p in connected_connections
     },
 )
-
-
-tcp_inbound_commands = LaterGauge(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_inbound_commands",
-    "",
-    ["command", "name"],
-    lambda: {
-        (k, p.name): count
-        for p in connected_connections
-        for k, count in iteritems(p.inbound_commands_counter)
-    },
-)
-
-tcp_outbound_commands = LaterGauge(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_outbound_commands",
-    "",
-    ["command", "name"],
-    lambda: {
-        (k, p.name): count
-        for p in connected_connections
-        for k, count in iteritems(p.outbound_commands_counter)
-    },
-)
-
-# number of updates received for each RDATA stream
-inbound_rdata_count = Counter(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_inbound_rdata_count", "", ["stream_name"]
-)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..49b3ed0c5e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/redis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import txredisapi
+
+from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
+    Command,
+    ReplicateCommand,
+    parse_command_from_line,
+)
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import (
+    AbstractConnection,
+    tcp_inbound_commands_counter,
+    tcp_outbound_commands_counter,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
+    from synapse.server import HomeServer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RedisSubscriber(txredisapi.SubscriberProtocol, AbstractConnection):
+    """Connection to redis subscribed to replication stream.
+
+    Parses incoming messages from redis into replication commands, and passes
+    them to `ReplicationCommandHandler`
+
+    Due to the vagaries of `txredisapi` we don't want to have a custom
+    constructor, so instead we expect the defined attributes below to be set
+    immediately after initialisation.
+
+    Attributes:
+        handler: The command handler to handle incoming commands.
+        stream_name: The *redis* stream name to subscribe to (not anything to
+            do with Synapse replication streams).
+        outbound_redis_connection: The connection to redis to use to send
+            commands.
+    """
+
+    handler = None  # type: ReplicationCommandHandler
+    stream_name = None  # type: str
+    outbound_redis_connection = None  # type: txredisapi.RedisProtocol
+
+    def connectionMade(self):
+        logger.info("Connected to redis instance")
+        self.subscribe(self.stream_name)
+        self.send_command(ReplicateCommand())
+
+        self.handler.new_connection(self)
+
+    def messageReceived(self, pattern: str, channel: str, message: str):
+        """Received a message from redis.
+        """
+
+        if message.strip() == "":
+            # Ignore blank lines
+            return
+
+        try:
+            cmd = parse_command_from_line(message)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "[%s] failed to parse line: %r", message,
+            )
+            return
+
+        # We use "redis" as the name here as we don't have 1:1 connections to
+        # remote instances.
+        tcp_inbound_commands_counter.labels(cmd.NAME, "redis").inc()
+
+        # Now lets try and call on_<CMD_NAME> function
+        run_as_background_process(
+            "replication-" + cmd.get_logcontext_id(), self.handle_command, cmd
+        )
+
+    async def handle_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Handle a command we have received over the replication stream.
+
+        By default delegates to on_<COMMAND>, which should return an awaitable.
+
+        Args:
+            cmd: received command
+        """
+        handled = False
+
+        # First call any command handlers on this instance. These are for redis
+        # specific handling.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        # Then call out to the handler.
+        cmd_func = getattr(self.handler, "on_%s" % (cmd.NAME,), None)
+        if cmd_func:
+            await cmd_func(cmd)
+            handled = True
+
+        if not handled:
+            logger.warning("Unhandled command: %r", cmd)
+
+    def connectionLost(self, reason):
+        logger.info("Lost connection to redis instance")
+        self.handler.lost_connection(self)
+
+    def send_command(self, cmd: Command):
+        """Send a command if connection has been established.
+
+        Args:
+            cmd (Command)
+        """
+        string = "%s %s" % (cmd.NAME, cmd.to_line())
+        if "\n" in string:
+            raise Exception("Unexpected newline in command: %r", string)
+
+        encoded_string = string.encode("utf-8")
+
+        # We use "redis" as the name here as we don't have 1:1 connections to
+        # remote instances.
+        tcp_outbound_commands_counter.labels(cmd.NAME, "redis").inc()
+
+        async def _send():
+            with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                # Note that we use the other connection as we can't send
+                # commands using the subscription connection.
+                await self.outbound_redis_connection.publish(
+                    self.stream_name, encoded_string
+                )
+
+        run_as_background_process("send-cmd", _send)
+
+
+class RedisDirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(txredisapi.SubscriberFactory):
+    """This is a reconnecting factory that connects to redis and immediately
+    subscribes to a stream.
+
+    Args:
+        hs
+        outbound_redis_connection: A connection to redis that will be used to
+            send outbound commands (this is seperate to the redis connection
+            used to subscribe).
+    """
+
+    maxDelay = 5
+    continueTrying = True
+    protocol = RedisSubscriber
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, hs: "HomeServer", outbound_redis_connection: txredisapi.RedisProtocol
+    ):
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+        # This sets the password on the RedisFactory base class (as
+        # SubscriberFactory constructor doesn't pass it through).
+        self.password = hs.config.redis.redis_password
+
+        self.handler = hs.get_tcp_replication()
+        self.stream_name = hs.hostname
+
+        self.outbound_redis_connection = outbound_redis_connection
+
+    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
+        p = super().buildProtocol(addr)  # type: RedisSubscriber
+
+        # We do this here rather than add to the constructor of `RedisSubcriber`
+        # as to do so would involve overriding `buildProtocol` entirely, however
+        # the base method does some other things than just instantiating the
+        # protocol.
+        p.handler = self.handler
+        p.outbound_redis_connection = self.outbound_redis_connection
+        p.stream_name = self.stream_name
+
+        return p
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
index 30021ee309df..b2d6baa2a231 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 import logging
 import random
-from typing import Any, Dict, List
+from typing import Dict
 
 from six import itervalues
 
@@ -25,24 +25,14 @@
 
 from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
 
-from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure, measure_func
-
-from .protocol import ServerReplicationStreamProtocol
-from .streams import STREAMS_MAP, Stream
-from .streams.federation import FederationStream
+from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ServerReplicationStreamProtocol
+from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import STREAMS_MAP, FederationStream, Stream
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
 stream_updates_counter = Counter(
     "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_stream_updates", "", ["stream_name"]
 )
-user_sync_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_sync", "")
-federation_ack_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_federation_ack", "")
-remove_pusher_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_remove_pusher", "")
-invalidate_cache_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_invalidate_cache", ""
-)
-user_ip_cache_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_ip_cache", "")
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -52,13 +42,23 @@ class ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(Factory):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
-        self.streamer = hs.get_replication_streamer()
+        self.command_handler = hs.get_tcp_replication()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.server_name = hs.config.server_name
 
+        # If we've created a `ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory` then we're
+        # almost certainly registering a replication listener, so let's ensure
+        # that we've started a `ReplicationStreamer` instance to actually push
+        # data.
+        #
+        # (This is a bit of a weird place to do this, but the alternatives such
+        # as putting this in `HomeServer.setup()`, requires either passing the
+        # listener config again or always starting a `ReplicationStreamer`.)
+        hs.get_replication_streamer()
+
     def buildProtocol(self, addr):
         return ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            self.server_name, self.clock, self.streamer
+            self.server_name, self.clock, self.command_handler
         )
 
 
@@ -78,16 +78,6 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
 
         self._replication_torture_level = hs.config.replication_torture_level
 
-        # Current connections.
-        self.connections = []  # type: List[ServerReplicationStreamProtocol]
-
-        LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_total_connections",
-            "",
-            [],
-            lambda: len(self.connections),
-        )
-
         # List of streams that clients can subscribe to.
         # We only support federation stream if federation sending hase been
         # disabled on the master.
@@ -104,18 +94,12 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
             self.federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
 
         self.notifier.add_replication_callback(self.on_notifier_poke)
-        self.notifier.add_remote_server_up_callback(self.send_remote_server_up)
 
         # Keeps track of whether we are currently checking for updates
         self.is_looping = False
         self.pending_updates = False
 
-        hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger("before", "shutdown", self.on_shutdown)
-
-    def on_shutdown(self):
-        # close all connections on shutdown
-        for conn in self.connections:
-            conn.send_error("server shutting down")
+        self.command_handler = hs.get_tcp_replication()
 
     def get_streams(self) -> Dict[str, Stream]:
         """Get a mapp from stream name to stream instance.
@@ -129,7 +113,7 @@ def on_notifier_poke(self):
         This should get called each time new data is available, even if it
         is currently being executed, so that nothing gets missed
         """
-        if not self.connections:
+        if not self.command_handler.connected():
             # Don't bother if nothing is listening. We still need to advance
             # the stream tokens otherwise they'll fall beihind forever
             for stream in self.streams:
@@ -186,9 +170,7 @@ async def _run_notifier_loop(self):
                             raise
 
                         logger.debug(
-                            "Sending %d updates to %d connections",
-                            len(updates),
-                            len(self.connections),
+                            "Sending %d updates", len(updates),
                         )
 
                         if updates:
@@ -204,112 +186,19 @@ async def _run_notifier_loop(self):
                         # token. See RdataCommand for more details.
                         batched_updates = _batch_updates(updates)
 
-                        for conn in self.connections:
-                            for token, row in batched_updates:
-                                try:
-                                    conn.stream_update(stream.NAME, token, row)
-                                except Exception:
-                                    logger.exception("Failed to replicate")
+                        for token, row in batched_updates:
+                            try:
+                                self.command_handler.stream_update(
+                                    stream.NAME, token, row
+                                )
+                            except Exception:
+                                logger.exception("Failed to replicate")
 
             logger.debug("No more pending updates, breaking poke loop")
         finally:
             self.pending_updates = False
             self.is_looping = False
 
-    def get_stream_token(self, stream_name):
-        """For a given stream get all updates since token. This is called when
-        a client first subscribes to a stream.
-        """
-        stream = self.streams_by_name.get(stream_name, None)
-        if not stream:
-            raise Exception("unknown stream %s", stream_name)
-
-        return stream.current_token()
-
-    @measure_func("repl.federation_ack")
-    def federation_ack(self, token):
-        """We've received an ack for federation stream from a client.
-        """
-        federation_ack_counter.inc()
-        if self.federation_sender:
-            self.federation_sender.federation_ack(token)
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_user_sync")
-    async def on_user_sync(self, instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
-        """A client has started/stopped syncing on a worker.
-        """
-        user_sync_counter.inc()
-        await self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_row(
-            instance_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
-        )
-
-    async def on_clear_user_syncs(self, instance_id):
-        """A replication client wants us to drop all their UserSync data.
-        """
-        await self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_clear(instance_id)
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_remove_pusher")
-    async def on_remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
-        """A client has asked us to remove a pusher
-        """
-        remove_pusher_counter.inc()
-        await self.store.delete_pusher_by_app_id_pushkey_user_id(
-            app_id=app_id, pushkey=push_key, user_id=user_id
-        )
-
-        self.notifier.on_new_replication_data()
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_invalidate_cache")
-    async def on_invalidate_cache(self, cache_func: str, keys: List[Any]):
-        """The client has asked us to invalidate a cache
-        """
-        invalidate_cache_counter.inc()
-
-        # We invalidate the cache locally, but then also stream that to other
-        # workers.
-        await self.store.invalidate_cache_and_stream(cache_func, tuple(keys))
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_user_ip")
-    async def on_user_ip(
-        self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen
-    ):
-        """The client saw a user request
-        """
-        user_ip_cache_counter.inc()
-        await self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen
-        )
-        await self._server_notices_sender.on_user_ip(user_id)
-
-    @measure_func("repl.on_remote_server_up")
-    def on_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        self.notifier.notify_remote_server_up(server)
-
-    def send_remote_server_up(self, server: str):
-        for conn in self.connections:
-            conn.send_remote_server_up(server)
-
-    def send_sync_to_all_connections(self, data):
-        """Sends a SYNC command to all clients.
-
-        Used in tests.
-        """
-        for conn in self.connections:
-            conn.send_sync(data)
-
-    def new_connection(self, connection):
-        """A new client connection has been established
-        """
-        self.connections.append(connection)
-
-    def lost_connection(self, connection):
-        """A client connection has been lost
-        """
-        try:
-            self.connections.remove(connection)
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-
 
 def _batch_updates(updates):
     """Takes a list of updates of form [(token, row)] and sets the token to
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
index 37bcd3de6688..d1a61c331480 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/__init__.py
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
     update_function:    The function that returns a list of updates between two tokens
 """
 
-from typing import Dict, Type
-
 from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import (
     AccountDataStream,
     BackfillStream,
@@ -67,8 +65,7 @@
         GroupServerStream,
         UserSignatureStream,
     )
-}  # type: Dict[str, Type[Stream]]
-
+}
 
 __all__ = [
     "STREAMS_MAP",
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index c14dff6c6484..a860072ccf4a 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@
 
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
-from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import attr
 
 from synapse.replication.http.streams import ReplicationGetStreamUpdates
-from synapse.types import JsonDict
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -34,8 +33,32 @@
 # A stream position token
 Token = int
 
-# A pair of position in stream and args used to create an instance of `ROW_TYPE`.
-StreamRow = Tuple[Token, tuple]
+# The type of a stream update row, after JSON deserialisation, but before
+# parsing with Stream.parse_row (which turns it into a `ROW_TYPE`). Normally it's
+# just a row from a database query, though this is dependent on the stream in question.
+#
+StreamRow = Tuple
+
+# The type returned by the update_function of a stream, as well as get_updates(),
+# get_updates_since, etc.
+#
+# It consists of a triplet `(updates, new_last_token, limited)`, where:
+#   * `updates` is a list of `(token, row)` entries.
+#   * `new_last_token` is the new position in stream.
+#   * `limited` is whether there are more updates to fetch.
+#
+StreamUpdateResult = Tuple[List[Tuple[Token, StreamRow]], Token, bool]
+
+# The type of an update_function for a stream
+#
+# The arguments are:
+#
+#  * from_token: the previous stream token: the starting point for fetching the
+#    updates
+#  * to_token: the new stream token: the point to get updates up to
+#  * limit: the maximum number of rows to return
+#
+UpdateFunction = Callable[[Token, Token, int], Awaitable[StreamUpdateResult]]
 
 
 class Stream(object):
@@ -50,7 +73,7 @@ class Stream(object):
     ROW_TYPE = None  # type: Any
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_row(cls, row):
+    def parse_row(cls, row: StreamRow):
         """Parse a row received over replication
 
         By default, assumes that the row data is an array object and passes its contents
@@ -64,7 +87,28 @@ def parse_row(cls, row):
         """
         return cls.ROW_TYPE(*row)
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        current_token_function: Callable[[], Token],
+        update_function: UpdateFunction,
+    ):
+        """Instantiate a Stream
+
+        current_token_function and update_function are callbacks which should be
+        implemented by subclasses.
+
+        current_token_function is called to get the current token of the underlying
+        stream.
+
+        update_function is called to get updates for this stream between a pair of
+        stream tokens. See the UpdateFunction type definition for more info.
+
+        Args:
+            current_token_function: callback to get the current token, as above
+            update_function: callback go get stream updates, as above
+        """
+        self.current_token = current_token_function
+        self.update_function = update_function
 
         # The token from which we last asked for updates
         self.last_token = self.current_token()
@@ -75,7 +119,7 @@ def discard_updates_and_advance(self):
         """
         self.last_token = self.current_token()
 
-    async def get_updates(self) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[Token, JsonDict]], Token, bool]:
+    async def get_updates(self) -> StreamUpdateResult:
         """Gets all updates since the last time this function was called (or
         since the stream was constructed if it hadn't been called before).
 
@@ -95,7 +139,7 @@ async def get_updates(self) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[Token, JsonDict]], Token, bool]:
 
     async def get_updates_since(
         self, from_token: Token, upto_token: Token, limit: int = 100
-    ) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[Token, JsonDict]], Token, bool]:
+    ) -> StreamUpdateResult:
         """Like get_updates except allows specifying from when we should
         stream updates
 
@@ -112,33 +156,14 @@ async def get_updates_since(
             return [], upto_token, False
 
         updates, upto_token, limited = await self.update_function(
-            from_token, upto_token, limit=limit,
+            from_token, upto_token, limit,
         )
         return updates, upto_token, limited
 
-    def current_token(self):
-        """Gets the current token of the underlying streams. Should be provided
-        by the sub classes
-
-        Returns:
-            int
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def update_function(self, from_token, current_token, limit):
-        """Get updates between from_token and to_token.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred(list(tuple)): the first entry in the tuple is the token for
-                that update, and the rest of the tuple gets used to construct
-                a ``ROW_TYPE`` instance
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
 
 def db_query_to_update_function(
-    query_function: Callable[[Token, Token, int], Awaitable[List[tuple]]]
-) -> Callable[[Token, Token, int], Awaitable[Tuple[List[StreamRow], Token, bool]]]:
+    query_function: Callable[[Token, Token, int], Awaitable[Iterable[tuple]]]
+) -> UpdateFunction:
     """Wraps a db query function which returns a list of rows to make it
     suitable for use as an `update_function` for the Stream class
     """
@@ -148,17 +173,16 @@ async def update_function(from_token, upto_token, limit):
         updates = [(row[0], row[1:]) for row in rows]
         limited = False
         if len(updates) == limit:
-            upto_token = rows[-1][0]
+            upto_token = updates[-1][0]
             limited = True
+        assert len(updates) <= limit
 
         return updates, upto_token, limited
 
     return update_function
 
 
-def make_http_update_function(
-    hs, stream_name: str
-) -> Callable[[Token, Token, Token], Awaitable[Tuple[List[StreamRow], Token, bool]]]:
+def make_http_update_function(hs, stream_name: str) -> UpdateFunction:
     """Makes a suitable function for use as an `update_function` that queries
     the master process for updates.
     """
@@ -167,13 +191,14 @@ def make_http_update_function(
 
     async def update_function(
         from_token: int, upto_token: int, limit: int
-    ) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[int, tuple]], int, bool]:
-        return await client(
+    ) -> StreamUpdateResult:
+        result = await client(
             stream_name=stream_name,
             from_token=from_token,
             upto_token=upto_token,
             limit=limit,
         )
+        return result["updates"], result["upto_token"], result["limited"]
 
     return update_function
 
@@ -200,10 +225,10 @@ class BackfillStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.current_token = store.get_current_backfill_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_backfill_event_rows)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(BackfillStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_current_backfill_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_backfill_event_rows),
+        )
 
 
 class PresenceStream(Stream):
@@ -225,19 +250,18 @@ class PresenceStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-        presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
-
-        self._is_worker = hs.config.worker_app is not None
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_current_presence_token  # type: ignore
 
         if hs.config.worker_app is None:
-            self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(presence_handler.get_all_presence_updates)  # type: ignore
+            # on the master, query the presence handler
+            presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+            update_function = db_query_to_update_function(
+                presence_handler.get_all_presence_updates
+            )
         else:
             # Query master process
-            self.update_function = make_http_update_function(hs, self.NAME)  # type: ignore
+            update_function = make_http_update_function(hs, self.NAME)
 
-        super(PresenceStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(store.get_current_presence_token, update_function)
 
 
 class TypingStream(Stream):
@@ -251,15 +275,16 @@ class TypingStream(Stream):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         typing_handler = hs.get_typing_handler()
 
-        self.current_token = typing_handler.get_current_token  # type: ignore
-
         if hs.config.worker_app is None:
-            self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(typing_handler.get_all_typing_updates)  # type: ignore
+            # on the master, query the typing handler
+            update_function = db_query_to_update_function(
+                typing_handler.get_all_typing_updates
+            )
         else:
             # Query master process
-            self.update_function = make_http_update_function(hs, self.NAME)  # type: ignore
+            update_function = make_http_update_function(hs, self.NAME)
 
-        super(TypingStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(typing_handler.get_current_token, update_function)
 
 
 class ReceiptsStream(Stream):
@@ -279,11 +304,10 @@ class ReceiptsStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_max_receipt_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_receipts)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(ReceiptsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_max_receipt_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_receipts),
+        )
 
 
 class PushRulesStream(Stream):
@@ -297,13 +321,15 @@ class PushRulesStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        super(PushRulesStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super(PushRulesStream, self).__init__(
+            self._current_token, self._update_function
+        )
 
-    def current_token(self):
+    def _current_token(self) -> int:
         push_rules_token, _ = self.store.get_push_rules_stream_token()
         return push_rules_token
 
-    async def update_function(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
+    async def _update_function(self, from_token: Token, to_token: Token, limit: int):
         rows = await self.store.get_all_push_rule_updates(from_token, to_token, limit)
 
         limited = False
@@ -329,10 +355,10 @@ class PushersStream(Stream):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
 
-        self.current_token = store.get_pushers_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_pushers_rows)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(PushersStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_pushers_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_pushers_rows),
+        )
 
 
 class CachesStream(Stream):
@@ -360,11 +386,10 @@ class CachesStreamRow:
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_cache_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_caches)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(CachesStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_cache_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_caches),
+        )
 
 
 class PublicRoomsStream(Stream):
@@ -386,11 +411,10 @@ class PublicRoomsStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_current_public_room_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_public_rooms)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(PublicRoomsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_current_public_room_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_public_rooms),
+        )
 
 
 class DeviceListsStream(Stream):
@@ -407,11 +431,10 @@ class DeviceListsStreamRow:
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_device_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(DeviceListsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_device_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes),
+        )
 
 
 class ToDeviceStream(Stream):
@@ -425,11 +448,10 @@ class ToDeviceStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_to_device_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_device_messages)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(ToDeviceStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_to_device_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_new_device_messages),
+        )
 
 
 class TagAccountDataStream(Stream):
@@ -445,11 +467,10 @@ class TagAccountDataStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_max_account_data_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_tags)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(TagAccountDataStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_max_account_data_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_updated_tags),
+        )
 
 
 class AccountDataStream(Stream):
@@ -465,11 +486,10 @@ class AccountDataStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = self.store.get_max_account_data_stream_id  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(self._update_function)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(AccountDataStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            self.store.get_max_account_data_stream_id,
+            db_query_to_update_function(self._update_function),
+        )
 
     async def _update_function(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
         global_results, room_results = await self.store.get_all_updated_account_data(
@@ -496,11 +516,10 @@ class GroupServerStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_group_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_groups_changes)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(GroupServerStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_group_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_groups_changes),
+        )
 
 
 class UserSignatureStream(Stream):
@@ -514,8 +533,9 @@ class UserSignatureStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.current_token = store.get_device_stream_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(store.get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(UserSignatureStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            store.get_device_stream_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(
+                store.get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes
+            ),
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
index c6a595629f7b..051114596b38 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import heapq
-from typing import Tuple, Type
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple, Type
 
 import attr
 
-from ._base import Stream, db_query_to_update_function
+from ._base import Stream, Token, db_query_to_update_function
 
 
 """Handling of the 'events' replication stream
@@ -116,12 +116,14 @@ class EventsStream(Stream):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.current_token = self._store.get_current_events_token  # type: ignore
-        self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(self._update_function)  # type: ignore
-
-        super(EventsStream, self).__init__(hs)
+        super().__init__(
+            self._store.get_current_events_token,
+            db_query_to_update_function(self._update_function),
+        )
 
-    async def _update_function(self, from_token, current_token, limit=None):
+    async def _update_function(
+        self, from_token: Token, current_token: Token, limit: int
+    ) -> Iterable[tuple]:
         event_rows = await self._store.get_all_new_forward_event_rows(
             from_token, current_token, limit
         )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
index 48c1d4571824..75133d7e40b8 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.replication.tcp.streams._base import Stream, db_query_to_update_function
 
 
@@ -35,7 +33,6 @@ class FederationStream(Stream):
 
     NAME = "federation"
     ROW_TYPE = FederationStreamRow
-    _QUERY_MASTER = True
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         # Not all synapse instances will have a federation sender instance,
@@ -43,10 +40,16 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         # so we stub the stream out when that is the case.
         if hs.config.worker_app is None or hs.should_send_federation():
             federation_sender = hs.get_federation_sender()
-            self.current_token = federation_sender.get_current_token  # type: ignore
-            self.update_function = db_query_to_update_function(federation_sender.get_replication_rows)  # type: ignore
+            current_token = federation_sender.get_current_token
+            update_function = db_query_to_update_function(
+                federation_sender.get_replication_rows
+            )
         else:
-            self.current_token = lambda: 0  # type: ignore
-            self.update_function = lambda from_token, upto_token, limit: defer.succeed(([], upto_token, bool))  # type: ignore
+            current_token = lambda: 0
+            update_function = self._stub_update_function
+
+        super().__init__(current_token, update_function)
 
-        super(FederationStream, self).__init__(hs)
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _stub_update_function(from_token, upto_token, limit):
+        return [], upto_token, False
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html b/synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4eb8db9fb47b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/sso_account_deactivated.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <title>SSO account deactivated</title>
+</head>
+    <body>
+        <p>This account has been deactivated.</p>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..03f14194673a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_success.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Authentication Successful</title>
+    <script>
+    if (window.onAuthDone) {
+        window.onAuthDone();
+    } else if (window.opener && window.opener.postMessage) {
+        window.opener.postMessage("authDone", "*");
+    }
+    </script>
+</head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <p>Thank you</p>
+            <p>You may now close this window and return to the application</p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
index 659b8a10ee2d..d1bdb641115d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
@@ -183,10 +183,23 @@ async def on_GET(self, request):
         # Extract query parameters
         start = parse_integer(request, "from", default=0)
         limit = parse_integer(request, "limit", default=100)
-        order_by = parse_string(request, "order_by", default="alphabetical")
+        order_by = parse_string(request, "order_by", default=RoomSortOrder.NAME.value)
         if order_by not in (
             RoomSortOrder.ALPHABETICAL.value,
             RoomSortOrder.SIZE.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.NAME.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.CANONICAL_ALIAS.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.JOINED_MEMBERS.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.JOINED_LOCAL_MEMBERS.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.VERSION.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.CREATOR.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.ENCRYPTION.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.FEDERATABLE.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.PUBLIC.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.JOIN_RULES.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.GUEST_ACCESS.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.HISTORY_VISIBILITY.value,
+            RoomSortOrder.STATE_EVENTS.value,
         ):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 59593cbf6e48..4de2f97d06c2 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -425,7 +425,9 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self._cas_handler = hs.get_cas_handler()
 
     def get_sso_url(self, client_redirect_url: bytes) -> bytes:
-        return self._cas_handler.handle_redirect_request(client_redirect_url)
+        return self._cas_handler.get_redirect_url(
+            {"redirectUrl": client_redirect_url}
+        ).encode("ascii")
 
 
 class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -436,10 +438,20 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self._cas_handler = hs.get_cas_handler()
 
     async def on_GET(self, request: SynapseRequest) -> None:
-        client_redirect_url = parse_string(request, "redirectUrl", required=True)
+        client_redirect_url = parse_string(request, "redirectUrl")
         ticket = parse_string(request, "ticket", required=True)
-        await self._cas_handler.handle_ticket_request(
-            request, client_redirect_url, ticket
+
+        # Maybe get a session ID (if this ticket is from user interactive
+        # authentication).
+        session = parse_string(request, "session")
+
+        # Either client_redirect_url or session must be provided.
+        if not client_redirect_url and not session:
+            message = "Missing string query parameter redirectUrl or session"
+            raise SynapseError(400, message, errcode=Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+
+        await self._cas_handler.handle_ticket(
+            request, ticket, client_redirect_url, session
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index bffd43de5fd2..6b5830cc3f53 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
+    HttpResponseException,
     InvalidClientCredentialsError,
     SynapseError,
 )
@@ -364,10 +365,13 @@ async def on_GET(self, request):
             limit = None
 
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
-        if server:
-            data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
-                server, limit=limit, since_token=since_token
-            )
+        if server and server != self.hs.config.server_name:
+            try:
+                data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
+                    server, limit=limit, since_token=since_token
+                )
+            except HttpResponseException as e:
+                raise e.to_synapse_error()
         else:
             data = await handler.get_local_public_room_list(
                 limit=limit, since_token=since_token
@@ -404,15 +408,18 @@ async def on_POST(self, request):
             limit = None
 
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
-        if server:
-            data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
-                server,
-                limit=limit,
-                since_token=since_token,
-                search_filter=search_filter,
-                include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
-                third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
-            )
+        if server and server != self.hs.config.server_name:
+            try:
+                data = await handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
+                    server,
+                    limit=limit,
+                    since_token=since_token,
+                    search_filter=search_filter,
+                    include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
+                    third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
+                )
+            except HttpResponseException as e:
+                raise e.to_synapse_error()
         else:
             data = await handler.get_local_public_room_list(
                 limit=limit,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index 31435b1e1c1c..1bd023477902 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 )
 from synapse.push.mailer import Mailer, load_jinja2_templates
 from synapse.util.msisdn import phone_number_to_msisdn
-from synapse.util.stringutils import assert_valid_client_secret
+from synapse.util.stringutils import assert_valid_client_secret, random_string
 from synapse.util.threepids import check_3pid_allowed
 
 from ._base import client_patterns, interactive_auth_handler
@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ async def on_POST(self, request):
         )
 
         if existing_user_id is None:
+            if self.config.request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors:
+                # Make the client think the operation succeeded. See the rationale in the
+                # comments for request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors.
+                return 200, {"sid": random_string(16)}
+
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email not found", Codes.THREEPID_NOT_FOUND)
 
         if self.config.threepid_behaviour_email == ThreepidBehaviour.REMOTE:
@@ -390,6 +395,11 @@ async def on_POST(self, request):
         )
 
         if existing_user_id is not None:
+            if self.config.request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors:
+                # Make the client think the operation succeeded. See the rationale in the
+                # comments for request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors.
+                return 200, {"sid": random_string(16)}
+
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         if self.config.threepid_behaviour_email == ThreepidBehaviour.REMOTE:
@@ -453,6 +463,11 @@ async def on_POST(self, request):
         existing_user_id = await self.store.get_user_id_by_threepid("msisdn", msisdn)
 
         if existing_user_id is not None:
+            if self.hs.config.request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors:
+                # Make the client think the operation succeeded. See the rationale in the
+                # comments for request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors.
+                return 200, {"sid": random_string(16)}
+
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         if not self.hs.config.account_threepid_delegate_msisdn:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index 64eb7fec3bfb..c1d4cd0caf99 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -38,8 +38,12 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self._is_worker = hs.config.worker_app is not None
 
     async def on_PUT(self, request, user_id, account_data_type):
+        if self._is_worker:
+            raise Exception("Cannot handle PUT /account_data on worker")
+
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         if user_id != requester.user.to_string():
             raise AuthError(403, "Cannot add account data for other users.")
@@ -86,8 +90,12 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self._is_worker = hs.config.worker_app is not None
 
     async def on_PUT(self, request, user_id, room_id, account_data_type):
+        if self._is_worker:
+            raise Exception("Cannot handle PUT /account_data on worker")
+
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         if user_id != requester.user.to_string():
             raise AuthError(403, "Cannot add account data for other users.")
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index 1787562b9080..11599f50054a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.api.urls import CLIENT_API_PREFIX
-from synapse.handlers.auth import SUCCESS_TEMPLATE
 from synapse.http.server import finish_request
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_string
 
@@ -90,6 +89,30 @@
 </html>
 """
 
+SUCCESS_TEMPLATE = """
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Success!</title>
+<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1,
+    user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/_matrix/static/client/register/style.css">
+<script>
+if (window.onAuthDone) {
+    window.onAuthDone();
+} else if (window.opener && window.opener.postMessage) {
+     window.opener.postMessage("authDone", "*");
+}
+</script>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div>
+        <p>Thank you</p>
+        <p>You may now close this window and return to the application</p>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>
+"""
+
 
 class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
     """
@@ -111,6 +134,11 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self._saml_enabled = hs.config.saml2_enabled
         if self._saml_enabled:
             self._saml_handler = hs.get_saml_handler()
+        self._cas_enabled = hs.config.cas_enabled
+        if self._cas_enabled:
+            self._cas_handler = hs.get_cas_handler()
+            self._cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url
+            self._cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
 
     def on_GET(self, request, stagetype):
         session = parse_string(request, "session")
@@ -133,14 +161,27 @@ def on_GET(self, request, stagetype):
                 % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS),
             }
 
-        elif stagetype == LoginType.SSO and self._saml_enabled:
+        elif stagetype == LoginType.SSO:
             # Display a confirmation page which prompts the user to
             # re-authenticate with their SSO provider.
-            client_redirect_url = ""
-            sso_redirect_url = self._saml_handler.handle_redirect_request(
-                client_redirect_url, session
-            )
+            if self._cas_enabled:
+                # Generate a request to CAS that redirects back to an endpoint
+                # to verify the successful authentication.
+                sso_redirect_url = self._cas_handler.get_redirect_url(
+                    {"session": session},
+                )
+
+            elif self._saml_enabled:
+                client_redirect_url = ""
+                sso_redirect_url = self._saml_handler.handle_redirect_request(
+                    client_redirect_url, session
+                )
+
+            else:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Homeserver not configured for SSO.")
+
             html = self.auth_handler.start_sso_ui_auth(sso_redirect_url, session)
+
         else:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown auth stage type")
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 431ecf4f84e9..d1b5c49989a1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 from synapse.push.mailer import load_jinja2_templates
 from synapse.util.msisdn import phone_number_to_msisdn
 from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
-from synapse.util.stringutils import assert_valid_client_secret
+from synapse.util.stringutils import assert_valid_client_secret, random_string
 from synapse.util.threepids import check_3pid_allowed
 
 from ._base import client_patterns, interactive_auth_handler
@@ -135,6 +135,11 @@ async def on_POST(self, request):
         )
 
         if existing_user_id is not None:
+            if self.hs.config.request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors:
+                # Make the client think the operation succeeded. See the rationale in the
+                # comments for request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors.
+                return 200, {"sid": random_string(16)}
+
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         if self.config.threepid_behaviour_email == ThreepidBehaviour.REMOTE:
@@ -202,6 +207,11 @@ async def on_POST(self, request):
         )
 
         if existing_user_id is not None:
+            if self.hs.config.request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors:
+                # Make the client think the operation succeeded. See the rationale in the
+                # comments for request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors.
+                return 200, {"sid": random_string(16)}
+
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "Phone number is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE
             )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index c46676f8fcc8..f206605727a0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ def __init__(self, hs, media_repo, media_storage):
         self.media_storage = media_storage
 
         self.url_preview_url_blacklist = hs.config.url_preview_url_blacklist
+        self.url_preview_accept_language = hs.config.url_preview_accept_language
 
         # memory cache mapping urls to an ObservableDeferred returning
         # JSON-encoded OG metadata
@@ -315,9 +316,12 @@ async def _download_url(self, url, user):
 
         with self.media_storage.store_into_file(file_info) as (f, fname, finish):
             try:
-                logger.debug("Trying to get url '%s'", url)
+                logger.debug("Trying to get preview for url '%s'", url)
                 length, headers, uri, code = await self.client.get_file(
-                    url, output_stream=f, max_size=self.max_spider_size
+                    url,
+                    output_stream=f,
+                    max_size=self.max_spider_size,
+                    headers={"Accept-Language": self.url_preview_accept_language},
                 )
             except SynapseError:
                 # Pass SynapseErrors through directly, so that the servlet
@@ -398,7 +402,7 @@ async def _expire_url_cache_data(self):
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        logger.info("Running url preview cache expiry")
+        logger.debug("Running url preview cache expiry")
 
         if not (await self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()):
             logger.info("Still running DB updates; skipping expiry")
@@ -431,6 +435,8 @@ async def _expire_url_cache_data(self):
 
         if removed_media:
             logger.info("Deleted %d entries from url cache", len(removed_media))
+        else:
+            logger.debug("No entries removed from url cache")
 
         # Now we delete old images associated with the url cache.
         # These may be cached for a bit on the client (i.e., they
@@ -477,7 +483,10 @@ async def _expire_url_cache_data(self):
 
         await self.store.delete_url_cache_media(removed_media)
 
-        logger.info("Deleted %d media from url cache", len(removed_media))
+        if removed_media:
+            logger.info("Deleted %d media from url cache", len(removed_media))
+        else:
+            logger.debug("No media removed from url cache")
 
 
 def decode_and_calc_og(body, media_uri, request_encoding=None):
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 9228e1c8927c..9d273c980c95 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@
 from synapse.notifier import Notifier
 from synapse.push.action_generator import ActionGenerator
 from synapse.push.pusherpool import PusherPool
+from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationDataHandler
+from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamer
 from synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository import (
     MediaRepository,
@@ -206,6 +208,7 @@ def build_DEPENDENCY(self)
         "password_policy_handler",
         "storage",
         "replication_streamer",
+        "replication_data_handler",
     ]
 
     REQUIRED_ON_MASTER_STARTUP = ["user_directory_handler", "stats_handler"]
@@ -468,7 +471,7 @@ def build_read_marker_handler(self):
         return ReadMarkerHandler(self)
 
     def build_tcp_replication(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        return ReplicationCommandHandler(self)
 
     def build_action_generator(self):
         return ActionGenerator(self)
@@ -562,6 +565,9 @@ def build_storage(self) -> Storage:
     def build_replication_streamer(self) -> ReplicationStreamer:
         return ReplicationStreamer(self)
 
+    def build_replication_data_handler(self):
+        return ReplicationDataHandler(self.get_datastore())
+
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
         return self.get_pusherpool().remove_pusher(app_id, push_key, user_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/server.pyi b/synapse/server.pyi
index 9d1dfa71e792..f1a5717028c8 100644
--- a/synapse/server.pyi
+++ b/synapse/server.pyi
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import synapse.handlers.set_password
 import synapse.http.client
 import synapse.notifier
 import synapse.replication.tcp.client
+import synapse.replication.tcp.handler
 import synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository
 import synapse.server_notices.server_notices_manager
 import synapse.server_notices.server_notices_sender
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         pass
     def get_notifier(self) -> synapse.notifier.Notifier:
         pass
-    def get_presence_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.presence.PresenceHandler:
+    def get_presence_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.presence.BasePresenceHandler:
         pass
     def get_clock(self) -> synapse.util.Clock:
         pass
@@ -106,7 +107,11 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         pass
     def get_tcp_replication(
         self,
-    ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.client.ReplicationClientHandler:
+    ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.handler.ReplicationCommandHandler:
+        pass
+    def get_replication_data_handler(
+        self,
+    ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.client.ReplicationDataHandler:
         pass
     def get_federation_registry(
         self,
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 9fae2e0afe62..ce4a828894b8 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ def maybe_send_server_notice_to_user(self, user_id):
             # In practice, not sure we can ever get here
             return
 
-        room_id = yield self._server_notices_manager.get_notice_room_for_user(user_id)
+        room_id = yield self._server_notices_manager.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(
+            user_id
+        )
 
         if not room_id:
             logger.warning("Failed to get server notices room")
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index f7432c8d2f49..bf0943f265d0 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, RoomCreationPreset
-from synapse.types import create_requester
+from synapse.types import UserID, create_requester
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ def __init__(self, hs):
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
         self._config = hs.config
         self._room_creation_handler = hs.get_room_creation_handler()
+        self._room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
         self._event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
         self._is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
 
         self._notifier = hs.get_notifier()
+        self.server_notices_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
 
     def is_enabled(self):
         """Checks if server notices are enabled on this server.
@@ -66,7 +68,8 @@ def send_notice(
         Returns:
             Deferred[FrozenEvent]
         """
-        room_id = yield self.get_notice_room_for_user(user_id)
+        room_id = yield self.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(user_id)
+        yield self.maybe_invite_user_to_room(user_id, room_id)
 
         system_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
         requester = create_requester(system_mxid)
@@ -89,10 +92,11 @@ def send_notice(
         return res
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
+    def get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Get the room for notices for a given user
 
-        If we have not yet created a notice room for this user, create it
+        If we have not yet created a notice room for this user, create it, but don't
+        invite the user to it.
 
         Args:
             user_id (str): complete user id for the user we want a room for
@@ -108,7 +112,6 @@ def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
         rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
         )
-        system_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
         for room in rooms:
             # it's worth noting that there is an asymmetry here in that we
             # expect the user to be invited or joined, but the system user must
@@ -116,10 +119,14 @@ def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
             # manages to invite the system user to a room, that doesn't make it
             # the server notices room.
             user_ids = yield self._store.get_users_in_room(room.room_id)
-            if system_mxid in user_ids:
+            if self.server_notices_mxid in user_ids:
                 # we found a room which our user shares with the system notice
                 # user
-                logger.info("Using room %s", room.room_id)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Using existing server notices room %s for user %s",
+                    room.room_id,
+                    user_id,
+                )
                 return room.room_id
 
         # apparently no existing notice room: create a new one
@@ -138,14 +145,13 @@ def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
                 "avatar_url": self._config.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url,
             }
 
-        requester = create_requester(system_mxid)
+        requester = create_requester(self.server_notices_mxid)
         info = yield self._room_creation_handler.create_room(
             requester,
             config={
                 "preset": RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT,
                 "name": self._config.server_notices_room_name,
                 "power_level_content_override": {"users_default": -10},
-                "invite": (user_id,),
             },
             ratelimit=False,
             creator_join_profile=join_profile,
@@ -159,3 +165,30 @@ def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
 
         logger.info("Created server notices room %s for %s", room_id, user_id)
         return room_id
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def maybe_invite_user_to_room(self, user_id: str, room_id: str):
+        """Invite the given user to the given server room, unless the user has already
+        joined or been invited to it.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The ID of the user to invite.
+            room_id: The ID of the room to invite the user to.
+        """
+        requester = create_requester(self.server_notices_mxid)
+
+        # Check whether the user has already joined or been invited to this room. If
+        # that's the case, there is no need to re-invite them.
+        joined_rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
+            user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
+        )
+        for room in joined_rooms:
+            if room.room_id == room_id:
+                return
+
+        yield self._room_member_handler.update_membership(
+            requester=requester,
+            target=UserID.from_string(user_id),
+            room_id=room_id,
+            action="invite",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/login/index.html b/synapse/static/client/login/index.html
index 712b0e398094..6fefdaaff761 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/login/index.html
+++ b/synapse/static/client/login/index.html
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+<!doctype html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title> Login </title>
 <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
-<script src="js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
+<script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
 <script src="js/login.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body onload="matrixLogin.onLoad()">
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js b/synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 25714ed29ab6..000000000000
--- a/synapse/static/client/login/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/*! jQuery v2.1.3 | (c) 2005, 2014 jQuery Foundation, Inc. | jquery.org/license */
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diff --git a/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js b/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js
index debe46437134..611df36d3f50 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js
+++ b/synapse/static/client/login/js/login.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var submitPassword = function(user, pwd) {
     };
     $.post(matrixLogin.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
         matrixLogin.onLogin(response);
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 };
 
 var submitToken = function(loginToken) {
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ var submitToken = function(loginToken) {
     };
     $.post(matrixLogin.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
         matrixLogin.onLogin(response);
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 };
 
 var errorFunc = function(err) {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ var show_login = function(inhibit_redirect) {
         }
 
         // Otherwise, show the SSO form
-        $("#sso_form").show();
+        $("#sso_flow").show();
     }
 
     if (matrixLogin.serverAcceptsPassword) {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ var fetch_info = function(cb) {
         }
 
         cb();
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 }
 
 matrixLogin.onLoad = function() {
@@ -128,8 +128,7 @@ matrixLogin.password_login = function() {
 
 matrixLogin.onLogin = function(response) {
     // clobber this function
-    console.log("onLogin - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
-    console.log(response);
+    console.warn("onLogin - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
 };
 
 var parseQsFromUrl = function(query) {
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/register/index.html b/synapse/static/client/register/index.html
index 6edc4deb0335..140653574db1 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/register/index.html
+++ b/synapse/static/client/register/index.html
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+<!doctype html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title> Registration </title>
 <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0'> 
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
-<script src="js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
+<script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/js/recaptcha_ajax.js"></script>
 <script src="register_config.js"></script>
 <script src="js/register.js"></script>
diff --git a/synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js b/synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 25714ed29ab6..000000000000
--- a/synapse/static/client/register/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
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i&&(o=e,e=i,i=void 0),e&&!1!==i&&this.queue(i||"fx",[]),this.each(function(){var e=!0,t=null!=i&&i+"queueHooks",n=k.timers,r=Q.get(this);if(t)r[t]&&r[t].stop&&a(r[t]);else for(t in r)r[t]&&r[t].stop&&ut.test(t)&&a(r[t]);for(t=n.length;t--;)n[t].elem!==this||null!=i&&n[t].queue!==i||(n[t].anim.stop(o),e=!1,n.splice(t,1));!e&&o||k.dequeue(this,i)})},finish:function(a){return!1!==a&&(a=a||"fx"),this.each(function(){var e,t=Q.get(this),n=t[a+"queue"],r=t[a+"queueHooks"],i=k.timers,o=n?n.length:0;for(t.finish=!0,k.queue(this,a,[]),r&&r.stop&&r.stop.call(this,!0),e=i.length;e--;)i[e].elem===this&&i[e].queue===a&&(i[e].anim.stop(!0),i.splice(e,1));for(e=0;e<o;e++)n[e]&&n[e].finish&&n[e].finish.call(this);delete t.finish})}}),k.each(["toggle","show","hide"],function(e,r){var i=k.fn[r];k.fn[r]=function(e,t,n){return null==e||"boolean"==typeof e?i.apply(this,arguments):this.animate(ft(r,!0),e,t,n)}}),k.each({slideDown:ft("show"),slideUp:ft("hide"),slideToggle:ft("toggle"),fadeIn:{opacity:"show"},fadeOut:{opacity:"hide"},fadeToggle:{opacity:"toggle"}},function(e,r){k.fn[e]=function(e,t,n){return this.animate(r,e,t,n)}}),k.timers=[],k.fx.tick=function(){var e,t=0,n=k.timers;for(rt=Date.now();t<n.length;t++)(e=n[t])()||n[t]!==e||n.splice(t--,1);n.length||k.fx.stop(),rt=void 0},k.fx.timer=function(e){k.timers.push(e),k.fx.start()},k.fx.interval=13,k.fx.start=function(){it||(it=!0,lt())},k.fx.stop=function(){it=null},k.fx.speeds={slow:600,fast:200,_default:400},k.fn.delay=function(r,e){return r=k.fx&&k.fx.speeds[r]||r,e=e||"fx",this.queue(e,function(e,t){var n=C.setTimeout(e,r);t.stop=function(){C.clearTimeout(n)}})},ot=E.createElement("input"),at=E.createElement("select").appendChild(E.createElement("option")),ot.type="checkbox",y.checkOn=""!==ot.value,y.optSelected=at.selected,(ot=E.createElement("input")).value="t",ot.type="radio",y.radioValue="t"===ot.value;var ht,gt=k.expr.attrHandle;k.fn.extend({attr:function(e,t){return _(this,k.attr,e,t,1<arguments.length)},removeAttr:function(e){return this.each(function(){k.removeAttr(this,e)})}}),k.extend({attr:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=e.nodeType;if(3!==o&&8!==o&&2!==o)return"undefined"==typeof e.getAttribute?k.prop(e,t,n):(1===o&&k.isXMLDoc(e)||(i=k.attrHooks[t.toLowerCase()]||(k.expr.match.bool.test(t)?ht:void 0)),void 0!==n?null===n?void k.removeAttr(e,t):i&&"set"in i&&void 0!==(r=i.set(e,n,t))?r:(e.setAttribute(t,n+""),n):i&&"get"in i&&null!==(r=i.get(e,t))?r:null==(r=k.find.attr(e,t))?void 0:r)},attrHooks:{type:{set:function(e,t){if(!y.radioValue&&"radio"===t&&A(e,"input")){var n=e.value;return e.setAttribute("type",t),n&&(e.value=n),t}}}},removeAttr:function(e,t){var n,r=0,i=t&&t.match(R);if(i&&1===e.nodeType)while(n=i[r++])e.removeAttribute(n)}}),ht={set:function(e,t,n){return!1===t?k.removeAttr(e,n):e.setAttribute(n,n),n}},k.each(k.expr.match.bool.source.match(/\w+/g),function(e,t){var a=gt[t]||k.find.attr;gt[t]=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=t.toLowerCase();return n||(i=gt[o],gt[o]=r,r=null!=a(e,t,n)?o:null,gt[o]=i),r}});var vt=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,yt=/^(?:a|area)$/i;function mt(e){return(e.match(R)||[]).join(" ")}function xt(e){return e.getAttribute&&e.getAttribute("class")||""}function bt(e){return Array.isArray(e)?e:"string"==typeof e&&e.match(R)||[]}k.fn.extend({prop:function(e,t){return _(this,k.prop,e,t,1<arguments.length)},removeProp:function(e){return this.each(function(){delete this[k.propFix[e]||e]})}}),k.extend({prop:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=e.nodeType;if(3!==o&&8!==o&&2!==o)return 1===o&&k.isXMLDoc(e)||(t=k.propFix[t]||t,i=k.propHooks[t]),void 0!==n?i&&"set"in i&&void 0!==(r=i.set(e,n,t))?r:e[t]=n:i&&"get"in i&&null!==(r=i.get(e,t))?r:e[t]},propHooks:{tabIndex:{get:function(e){var t=k.find.attr(e,"tabindex");return t?parseInt(t,10):vt.test(e.nodeName)||yt.test(e.nodeName)&&e.href?0:-1}}},propFix:{"for":"htmlFor","class":"className"}}),y.optSelected||(k.propHooks.selected={get:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;return t&&t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.selectedIndex,null},set:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;t&&(t.selectedIndex,t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.selectedIndex)}}),k.each(["tabIndex","readOnly","maxLength","cellSpacing","cellPadding","rowSpan","colSpan","useMap","frameBorder","contentEditable"],function(){k.propFix[this.toLowerCase()]=this}),k.fn.extend({addClass:function(t){var e,n,r,i,o,a,s,u=0;if(m(t))return this.each(function(e){k(this).addClass(t.call(this,e,xt(this)))});if((e=bt(t)).length)while(n=this[u++])if(i=xt(n),r=1===n.nodeType&&" "+mt(i)+" 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null!=t?t:mt(k.text(e))}},select:{get:function(e){var t,n,r,i=e.options,o=e.selectedIndex,a="select-one"===e.type,s=a?null:[],u=a?o+1:i.length;for(r=o<0?u:a?o:0;r<u;r++)if(((n=i[r]).selected||r===o)&&!n.disabled&&(!n.parentNode.disabled||!A(n.parentNode,"optgroup"))){if(t=k(n).val(),a)return t;s.push(t)}return s},set:function(e,t){var n,r,i=e.options,o=k.makeArray(t),a=i.length;while(a--)((r=i[a]).selected=-1<k.inArray(k.valHooks.option.get(r),o))&&(n=!0);return n||(e.selectedIndex=-1),o}}}}),k.each(["radio","checkbox"],function(){k.valHooks[this]={set:function(e,t){if(Array.isArray(t))return e.checked=-1<k.inArray(k(e).val(),t)}},y.checkOn||(k.valHooks[this].get=function(e){return null===e.getAttribute("value")?"on":e.value})}),y.focusin="onfocusin"in C;var Tt=/^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,Ct=function(e){e.stopPropagation()};k.extend(k.event,{trigger:function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p=[n||E],d=v.call(e,"type")?e.type:e,h=v.call(e,"namespace")?e.namespace.split("."):[];if(o=f=a=n=n||E,3!==n.nodeType&&8!==n.nodeType&&!Tt.test(d+k.event.triggered)&&(-1<d.indexOf(".")&&(d=(h=d.split(".")).shift(),h.sort()),u=d.indexOf(":")<0&&"on"+d,(e=e[k.expando]?e:new k.Event(d,"object"==typeof e&&e)).isTrigger=r?2:3,e.namespace=h.join("."),e.rnamespace=e.namespace?new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+h.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"):null,e.result=void 0,e.target||(e.target=n),t=null==t?[e]:k.makeArray(t,[e]),c=k.event.special[d]||{},r||!c.trigger||!1!==c.trigger.apply(n,t))){if(!r&&!c.noBubble&&!x(n)){for(s=c.delegateType||d,Tt.test(s+d)||(o=o.parentNode);o;o=o.parentNode)p.push(o),a=o;a===(n.ownerDocument||E)&&p.push(a.defaultView||a.parentWindow||C)}i=0;while((o=p[i++])&&!e.isPropagationStopped())f=o,e.type=1<i?s:c.bindType||d,(l=(Q.get(o,"events")||{})[e.type]&&Q.get(o,"handle"))&&l.apply(o,t),(l=u&&o[u])&&l.apply&&G(o)&&(e.result=l.apply(o,t),!1===e.result&&e.preventDefault());return e.type=d,r||e.isDefaultPrevented()||c._default&&!1!==c._default.apply(p.pop(),t)||!G(n)||u&&m(n[d])&&!x(n)&&((a=n[u])&&(n[u]=null),k.event.triggered=d,e.isPropagationStopped()&&f.addEventListener(d,Ct),n[d](),e.isPropagationStopped()&&f.removeEventListener(d,Ct),k.event.triggered=void 0,a&&(n[u]=a)),e.result}},simulate:function(e,t,n){var r=k.extend(new 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diff --git a/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js b/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js
index b62763a2934d..3547f7be4fee 100644
--- a/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js
+++ b/synapse/static/client/register/js/register.js
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ var setupCaptcha = function() {
             callback: Recaptcha.focus_response_field
         });
         window.matrixRegistration.isUsingRecaptcha = true;
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
     
 };
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ var submitCaptcha = function(user, pwd) {
     $.post(matrixRegistration.endpoint, JSON.stringify(data), function(response) {
         console.log("Success -> "+JSON.stringify(response));
         submitPassword(user, pwd, response.session);
-    }).error(function(err) {
+    }).fail(function(err) {
         Recaptcha.reload();
         errorFunc(err);
     });
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ var submitPassword = function(user, pwd, session) {
         matrixRegistration.onRegistered(
             response.home_server, response.user_id, response.access_token
         );
-    }).error(errorFunc);
+    }).fail(errorFunc);
 };
 
 var errorFunc = function(err) {
@@ -113,5 +113,5 @@ matrixRegistration.signUp = function() {
 
 matrixRegistration.onRegistered = function(hs_url, user_id, access_token) {
     // clobber this function
-    console.log("onRegistered - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
+    console.warn("onRegistered - This function should be replaced to proceed.");
 };
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index b62755b1802e..71f8d43a7644 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import wrap_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+from synapse.storage.database import Database, make_tuple_comparison_clause
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -302,16 +302,10 @@ def _devices_last_seen_update_txn(txn):
             #      we'll just end up updating the same device row multiple
             #      times, which is fine.
 
-            if self.database_engine.supports_tuple_comparison:
-                where_clause = "(user_id, device_id) > (?, ?)"
-                where_args = [last_user_id, last_device_id]
-            else:
-                # We explicitly do a `user_id >= ? AND (...)` here to ensure
-                # that an index is used, as doing `user_id > ? OR (user_id = ? AND ...)`
-                # makes it hard for query optimiser to tell that it can use the
-                # index on user_id
-                where_clause = "user_id >= ? AND (user_id > ? OR device_id > ?)"
-                where_args = [last_user_id, last_user_id, last_device_id]
+            where_clause, where_args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+                self.database_engine,
+                [("user_id", last_user_id), ("device_id", last_device_id)],
+            )
 
             sql = """
                 SELECT
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index dd3561e9b20d..ee3a2ab0315a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.database import Database, LoggingTransaction
+from synapse.storage.database import (
+    Database,
+    LoggingTransaction,
+    make_tuple_comparison_clause,
+)
 from synapse.types import Collection, get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import (
     Cache,
@@ -49,6 +53,8 @@
     "drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes"
 )
 
+BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES = "remove_dup_outbound_pokes"
+
 
 class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_device(self, user_id, device_id):
@@ -227,11 +233,11 @@ def _get_device_updates_by_remote_txn(
         # get the list of device updates that need to be sent
         sql = """
             SELECT user_id, device_id, stream_id, opentracing_context FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-            WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ? AND sent = ?
+            WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             ORDER BY stream_id
             LIMIT ?
         """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, False, limit))
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit))
 
         return list(txn)
 
@@ -714,6 +720,11 @@ def __init__(self, database: Database, db_conn, hs):
             self._drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes,
         )
 
+        # clear out duplicate device list outbound pokes
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
+            BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES, self._remove_duplicate_outbound_pokes,
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes(self, progress, batch_size):
         def f(conn):
@@ -728,6 +739,66 @@ def f(conn):
         )
         return 1
 
+    async def _remove_duplicate_outbound_pokes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # for some reason, we have accumulated duplicate entries in
+        # device_lists_outbound_pokes, which makes prune_outbound_device_list_pokes less
+        # efficient.
+        #
+        # For each duplicate, we delete all the existing rows and put one back.
+
+        KEY_COLS = ["stream_id", "destination", "user_id", "device_id"]
+        last_row = progress.get(
+            "last_row",
+            {"stream_id": 0, "destination": "", "user_id": "", "device_id": ""},
+        )
+
+        def _txn(txn):
+            clause, args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+                self.db.engine, [(x, last_row[x]) for x in KEY_COLS]
+            )
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, destination, user_id, device_id, MAX(ts) AS ts
+                FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+                WHERE %s
+                GROUP BY %s
+                HAVING count(*) > 1
+                ORDER BY %s
+                LIMIT ?
+                """ % (
+                clause,  # WHERE
+                ",".join(KEY_COLS),  # GROUP BY
+                ",".join(KEY_COLS),  # ORDER BY
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, args + [batch_size])
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            row = None
+            for row in rows:
+                self.db.simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn, "device_lists_outbound_pokes", {x: row[x] for x in KEY_COLS},
+                )
+
+                row["sent"] = False
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn, "device_lists_outbound_pokes", row,
+                )
+
+            if row:
+                self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
+                    txn, BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES, {"last_row": row},
+                )
+
+            return len(rows)
+
+        rows = await self.db.runInteraction(BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES, _txn)
+
+        if not rows:
+            await self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                BG_UPDATE_REMOVE_DUP_OUTBOUND_POKES
+            )
+
+        return rows
+
 
 class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def __init__(self, database: Database, db_conn, hs):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
index 62d4e9f59977..b99439cc3784 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -173,19 +173,28 @@ def _get_auth_chain_difference_txn(
             for event_id in initial_events
         }
 
+        # The sorted list of events whose auth chains we should walk.
+        search = []  # type: List[Tuple[int, str]]
+
         # We need to get the depth of the initial events for sorting purposes.
         sql = """
             SELECT depth, event_id FROM events
             WHERE %s
-            ORDER BY depth ASC
         """
-        clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-            txn.database_engine, "event_id", initial_events
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql % (clause,), args)
+        # the list can be huge, so let's avoid looking them all up in one massive
+        # query.
+        for batch in batch_iter(initial_events, 1000):
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "event_id", batch
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql % (clause,), args)
 
-        # The sorted list of events whose auth chains we should walk.
-        search = txn.fetchall()  # type: List[Tuple[int, str]]
+            # I think building a temporary list with fetchall is more efficient than
+            # just `search.extend(txn)`, but this is unconfirmed
+            search.extend(txn.fetchall())
+
+        # sort by depth
+        search.sort()
 
         # Map from event to its auth events
         event_to_auth_events = {}  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
index 000f29bc16bd..25511be5cbfd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ def _get_events_from_db(self, event_ids, allow_rejected=False):
 
             event_map[event_id] = original_ev
 
-        # finally, we can decide whether each one nededs redacting, and build
+        # finally, we can decide whether each one needs redacting, and build
         # the cache entries.
         result_map = {}
         for event_id, original_ev in event_map.items():
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
index cf195f8aa61a..8aecd414c274 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ def _get_url_cache_media_before_txn(txn):
             "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn
         )
 
-    def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
+    async def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
         if len(media_ids) == 0:
             return
 
@@ -380,6 +380,6 @@ def _delete_url_cache_media_txn(txn):
 
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
+        return await self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
index 46f9bda773eb..b3faafa0a44d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
@@ -334,6 +334,26 @@ def bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(self, user_ids):
             results.setdefault(row["user_name"], {})[row["rule_id"]] = enabled
         return results
 
+    def get_all_push_rule_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all the push rules changes that have happend on the server"""
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_push_rule_updates_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,"
+                " op, priority_class, priority, conditions, actions"
+                " FROM push_rules_stream"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
+        )
+
 
 class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -685,26 +705,6 @@ def _insert_push_rules_update_txn(
             self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
         )
 
-    def get_all_push_rule_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all the push rules changes that have happend on the server"""
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_push_rule_updates_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,"
-                " op, priority_class, priority, conditions, actions"
-                " FROM push_rules_stream"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
-        )
-
     def get_push_rules_stream_token(self):
         """Get the position of the push rules stream.
         Returns a pair of a stream id for the push_rules stream and the
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
index aaebe427d3ac..147eba1df70e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -52,12 +52,28 @@ class RoomSortOrder(Enum):
     """
     Enum to define the sorting method used when returning rooms with get_rooms_paginate
 
-    ALPHABETICAL = sort rooms alphabetically by name
-    SIZE = sort rooms by membership size, highest to lowest
+    NAME = sort rooms alphabetically by name
+    JOINED_MEMBERS = sort rooms by membership size, highest to lowest
     """
 
+    # ALPHABETICAL and SIZE are deprecated.
+    # ALPHABETICAL is the same as NAME.
     ALPHABETICAL = "alphabetical"
+    # SIZE is the same as JOINED_MEMBERS.
     SIZE = "size"
+    NAME = "name"
+    CANONICAL_ALIAS = "canonical_alias"
+    JOINED_MEMBERS = "joined_members"
+    JOINED_LOCAL_MEMBERS = "joined_local_members"
+    VERSION = "version"
+    CREATOR = "creator"
+    ENCRYPTION = "encryption"
+    FEDERATABLE = "federatable"
+    PUBLIC = "public"
+    JOIN_RULES = "join_rules"
+    GUEST_ACCESS = "guest_access"
+    HISTORY_VISIBILITY = "history_visibility"
+    STATE_EVENTS = "state_events"
 
 
 class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
@@ -329,12 +345,52 @@ async def get_rooms_paginate(
 
         # Set ordering
         if RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.SIZE:
+            # Deprecated in favour of RoomSortOrder.JOINED_MEMBERS
             order_by_column = "curr.joined_members"
             order_by_asc = False
         elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.ALPHABETICAL:
-            # Sort alphabetically
+            # Deprecated in favour of RoomSortOrder.NAME
             order_by_column = "state.name"
             order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.NAME:
+            order_by_column = "state.name"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.CANONICAL_ALIAS:
+            order_by_column = "state.canonical_alias"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.JOINED_MEMBERS:
+            order_by_column = "curr.joined_members"
+            order_by_asc = False
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.JOINED_LOCAL_MEMBERS:
+            order_by_column = "curr.local_users_in_room"
+            order_by_asc = False
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.VERSION:
+            order_by_column = "rooms.room_version"
+            order_by_asc = False
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.CREATOR:
+            order_by_column = "rooms.creator"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.ENCRYPTION:
+            order_by_column = "state.encryption"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.FEDERATABLE:
+            order_by_column = "state.is_federatable"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.PUBLIC:
+            order_by_column = "rooms.is_public"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.JOIN_RULES:
+            order_by_column = "state.join_rules"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.GUEST_ACCESS:
+            order_by_column = "state.guest_access"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.HISTORY_VISIBILITY:
+            order_by_column = "state.history_visibility"
+            order_by_asc = True
+        elif RoomSortOrder(order_by) == RoomSortOrder.STATE_EVENTS:
+            order_by_column = "curr.current_state_events"
+            order_by_asc = False
         else:
             raise StoreError(
                 500, "Incorrect value for order_by provided: %s" % order_by
@@ -349,9 +405,13 @@ async def get_rooms_paginate(
         # for, and another query for getting the total number of events that could be
         # returned. Thus allowing us to see if there are more events to paginate through
         info_sql = """
-            SELECT state.room_id, state.name, state.canonical_alias, curr.joined_members
+            SELECT state.room_id, state.name, state.canonical_alias, curr.joined_members,
+              curr.local_users_in_room, rooms.room_version, rooms.creator,
+              state.encryption, state.is_federatable, rooms.is_public, state.join_rules,
+              state.guest_access, state.history_visibility, curr.current_state_events
             FROM room_stats_state state
             INNER JOIN room_stats_current curr USING (room_id)
+            INNER JOIN rooms USING (room_id)
             %s
             ORDER BY %s %s
             LIMIT ?
@@ -389,6 +449,16 @@ def _get_rooms_paginate_txn(txn):
                         "name": room[1],
                         "canonical_alias": room[2],
                         "joined_members": room[3],
+                        "joined_local_members": room[4],
+                        "version": room[5],
+                        "creator": room[6],
+                        "encryption": room[7],
+                        "federatable": room[8],
+                        "public": room[9],
+                        "join_rules": room[10],
+                        "guest_access": room[11],
+                        "history_visibility": room[12],
+                        "state_events": room[13],
                     }
                 )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..133d80af35c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/remove_sent_outbound_pokes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- we no longer keep sent outbound device pokes in the db; clear them out
+-- so that we don't have to worry about them.
+--
+-- This is a sequence scan, but it doesn't take too long.
+
+DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes WHERE sent;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fdc39e9ba500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/58/02remove_dup_outbound_pokes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ /* for some reason, we have accumulated duplicate entries in
+  * device_lists_outbound_pokes, which makes prune_outbound_device_list_pokes less
+  * efficient.
+  */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (ordering, update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES (5800, 'remove_dup_outbound_pokes', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
index ada5cce6c2c3..e89f0bffb51d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
@@ -481,11 +481,9 @@ def get_recent_events_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
             room_id, limit, end_token
         )
 
-        logger.debug("stream before")
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
             [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
         )
-        logger.debug("stream after")
 
         self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index 715c0346dd51..a7cd97b0b094 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -17,7 +17,17 @@
 import logging
 import time
 from time import monotonic as monotonic_time
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+)
 
 from six import iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
 from six.moves import intern, range
@@ -1557,3 +1567,74 @@ def make_in_list_sql_clause(
         return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
     else:
         return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), list(iterable)
+
+
+KV = TypeVar("KV")
+
+
+def make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+    database_engine: BaseDatabaseEngine, keys: List[Tuple[str, KV]]
+) -> Tuple[str, List[KV]]:
+    """Returns a tuple comparison SQL clause
+
+    Depending what the SQL engine supports, builds a SQL clause that looks like either
+    "(a, b) > (?, ?)", or "(a > ?) OR (a == ? AND b > ?)".
+
+    Args:
+        database_engine
+        keys: A set of (column, value) pairs to be compared.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of SQL query and the args
+    """
+    if database_engine.supports_tuple_comparison:
+        return (
+            "(%s) > (%s)" % (",".join(k[0] for k in keys), ",".join("?" for _ in keys)),
+            [k[1] for k in keys],
+        )
+
+    # we want to build a clause
+    #    (a > ?) OR
+    #    (a == ? AND b > ?) OR
+    #    (a == ? AND b == ? AND c > ?)
+    #    ...
+    #    (a == ? AND b == ? AND ... AND z > ?)
+    #
+    # or, equivalently:
+    #
+    #  (a > ? OR (a == ? AND
+    #    (b > ? OR (b == ? AND
+    #      ...
+    #        (y > ? OR (y == ? AND
+    #          z > ?
+    #        ))
+    #      ...
+    #    ))
+    #  ))
+    #
+    # which itself is equivalent to (and apparently easier for the query optimiser):
+    #
+    #  (a >= ? AND (a > ? OR
+    #    (b >= ? AND (b > ? OR
+    #      ...
+    #        (y >= ? AND (y > ? OR
+    #          z > ?
+    #        ))
+    #      ...
+    #    ))
+    #  ))
+    #
+    #
+
+    clause = ""
+    args = []  # type: List[KV]
+    for k, v in keys[:-1]:
+        clause = clause + "(%s >= ? AND (%s > ? OR " % (k, k)
+        args.extend([v, v])
+
+    (k, v) = keys[-1]
+    clause += "%s > ?" % (k,)
+    args.append(v)
+
+    clause += "))" * (len(keys) - 1)
+    return clause, args
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
index f2fefa0eed52..7dabe0936326 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._cache_name = cache_name
 
         self._original_max_size = max_len
+        self._max_size = max_len
 
         self._clock = clock
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ def __setitem__(self, key, value):
 
     def evict(self):
         # Evict if there are now too many items
-        while self.max_size and len(self) > self.max_size:
+        while self._max_size and len(self) > self._max_size:
             _key, value = self._cache.popitem(last=False)
             if self.iterable:
                 self.metrics.inc_evictions(len(value.value))
@@ -183,8 +184,8 @@ def set_cache_factor(self, factor: float) -> bool:
             bool: Whether the cache changed size or not.
         """
         new_size = int(self._original_max_size * factor)
-        if new_size != self.max_size:
-            self.max_size = new_size
+        if new_size != self._max_size:
+            self._max_size = new_size
             self.evict()
             return True
         return False
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index 5802898c6d43..e44244b31a29 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def __init__(
 
         # Save the original max size, and apply the default size factor.
         self._original_max_size = max_size
-        self.max_size = int(max_size)
+        self._max_size = int(max_size)
 
         list_root = _Node(None, None, None, None)
         list_root.next_node = list_root
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def __init__(
         lock = threading.Lock()
 
         def evict():
-            while cache_len() > self.max_size:
+            while cache_len() > self._max_size:
                 todelete = list_root.prev_node
                 evicted_len = delete_node(todelete)
                 cache.pop(todelete.key, None)
@@ -283,8 +283,8 @@ def set_cache_factor(self, factor: float) -> bool:
             bool: Whether the cache changed size or not.
         """
         new_size = int(self._original_max_size * factor)
-        if new_size != self.max_size:
-            self.max_size = new_size
+        if new_size != self._max_size:
+            self._max_size = new_size
             self._on_resize()
             return True
         return False
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
index 9b7b0308eb2b..c81793d80477 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Set
 import math
 
 from six import integer_types
@@ -24,8 +25,11 @@
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# for now, assume all entities in the cache are strings
+EntityType = str
 
-class StreamChangeCache(object):
+
+class StreamChangeCache:
     """Keeps track of the stream positions of the latest change in a set of entities.
 
     Typically the entity will be a room or user id.
@@ -35,11 +39,24 @@ class StreamChangeCache(object):
     old then the cache will simply return all given entities.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, name, current_stream_pos, max_size=10000, prefilled_cache=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        current_stream_pos: int,
+        max_size=10000,
+        prefilled_cache: Optional[Mapping[EntityType, int]] = None,
+    ):
         self._original_max_size = max_size
-        self.max_size = math.floor(max_size)
-        self._entity_to_key = {}
-        self._cache = SortedDict()
+        self._max_size = math.floor(max_size)
+        self._entity_to_key = {}  # type: Dict[EntityType, int]
+
+        # map from stream id to the a set of entities which changed at that stream id.
+        self._cache = SortedDict()  # type: SortedDict[int, Set[EntityType]]
+
+        # the earliest stream_pos for which we can reliably answer
+        # get_all_entities_changed. In other words, one less than the earliest
+        # stream_pos for which we know _cache is valid.
+        #
         self._earliest_known_stream_pos = current_stream_pos
         self.name = name
         self.metrics = caches.register_cache(
@@ -61,13 +78,13 @@ def set_cache_factor(self, factor: float) -> bool:
             bool: Whether the cache changed size or not.
         """
         new_size = math.floor(self._original_max_size * factor)
-        if new_size != self.max_size:
+        if new_size != self._max_size:
             self.max_size = new_size
             self._evict()
             return True
         return False
 
-    def has_entity_changed(self, entity, stream_pos):
+    def has_entity_changed(self, entity: EntityType, stream_pos: int) -> bool:
         """Returns True if the entity may have been updated since stream_pos
         """
         assert type(stream_pos) in integer_types
@@ -88,22 +105,17 @@ def has_entity_changed(self, entity, stream_pos):
         self.metrics.inc_hits()
         return False
 
-    def get_entities_changed(self, entities, stream_pos):
+    def get_entities_changed(
+        self, entities: Iterable[EntityType], stream_pos: int
+    ) -> Set[EntityType]:
         """
         Returns subset of entities that have had new things since the given
         position.  Entities unknown to the cache will be returned.  If the
         position is too old it will just return the given list.
         """
-        assert type(stream_pos) is int
-
-        if stream_pos >= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
-            changed_entities = {
-                self._cache[k]
-                for k in self._cache.islice(start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos))
-            }
-
-            result = changed_entities.intersection(entities)
-
+        changed_entities = self.get_all_entities_changed(stream_pos)
+        if changed_entities is not None:
+            result = set(changed_entities).intersection(entities)
             self.metrics.inc_hits()
         else:
             result = set(entities)
@@ -111,13 +123,13 @@ def get_entities_changed(self, entities, stream_pos):
 
         return result
 
-    def has_any_entity_changed(self, stream_pos):
+    def has_any_entity_changed(self, stream_pos: int) -> bool:
         """Returns if any entity has changed
         """
         assert type(stream_pos) is int
 
         if not self._cache:
-            # If we have no cache, nothing can have changed.
+            # If the cache is empty, nothing can have changed.
             return False
 
         if stream_pos >= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
@@ -127,42 +139,66 @@ def has_any_entity_changed(self, stream_pos):
             self.metrics.inc_misses()
             return True
 
-    def get_all_entities_changed(self, stream_pos):
-        """Returns all entites that have had new things since the given
+    def get_all_entities_changed(self, stream_pos: int) -> Optional[List[EntityType]]:
+        """Returns all entities that have had new things since the given
         position. If the position is too old it will return None.
+
+        Returns the entities in the order that they were changed.
         """
         assert type(stream_pos) is int
 
-        if stream_pos >= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
-            return [
-                self._cache[k]
-                for k in self._cache.islice(start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos))
-            ]
-        else:
+        if stream_pos < self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
             return None
 
-    def entity_has_changed(self, entity, stream_pos):
+        changed_entities = []  # type: List[EntityType]
+
+        for k in self._cache.islice(start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos)):
+            changed_entities.extend(self._cache[k])
+        return changed_entities
+
+    def entity_has_changed(self, entity: EntityType, stream_pos: int) -> None:
         """Informs the cache that the entity has been changed at the given
         position.
         """
         assert type(stream_pos) is int
 
-        if stream_pos > self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
-            old_pos = self._entity_to_key.get(entity, None)
-            if old_pos is not None:
-                stream_pos = max(stream_pos, old_pos)
-                self._cache.pop(old_pos, None)
-            self._cache[stream_pos] = entity
-            self._entity_to_key[entity] = stream_pos
-            self._evict()
+        if stream_pos <= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
+            return
+
+        old_pos = self._entity_to_key.get(entity, None)
+        if old_pos is not None:
+            if old_pos >= stream_pos:
+                # nothing to do
+                return
+            e = self._cache[old_pos]
+            e.remove(entity)
+            if not e:
+                # cache at this point is now empty
+                del self._cache[old_pos]
+
+        e1 = self._cache.get(stream_pos)
+        if e1 is None:
+            e1 = self._cache[stream_pos] = set()
+        e1.add(entity)
+        self._entity_to_key[entity] = stream_pos
+        self._evict()
+
+        # if the cache is too big, remove entries
+        while len(self._cache) > self._max_size:
+            k, r = self._cache.popitem(0)
+            self._earliest_known_stream_pos = max(k, self._earliest_known_stream_pos)
+            for entity in r:
+                del self._entity_to_key[entity]
 
     def _evict(self):
-        while len(self._cache) > self.max_size:
+        while len(self._cache) > self._max_size:
             k, r = self._cache.popitem(0)
             self._earliest_known_stream_pos = max(k, self._earliest_known_stream_pos)
-            self._entity_to_key.pop(r, None)
+            for entity in r:
+                self._entity_to_key.pop(entity, None)
+
+    def get_max_pos_of_last_change(self, entity: EntityType) -> int:
 
-    def get_max_pos_of_last_change(self, entity):
         """Returns an upper bound of the stream id of the last change to an
         entity.
         """
diff --git a/synctl b/synctl
index 45acece30bde..bbccd0529088 100755
--- a/synctl
+++ b/synctl
@@ -117,7 +117,17 @@ def start_worker(app: str, configfile: str, worker_configfile: str) -> bool:
         False if there was an error starting the process
     """
 
-    args = [sys.executable, "-B", "-m", app, "-c", configfile, "-c", worker_configfile]
+    args = [
+        sys.executable,
+        "-B",
+        "-m",
+        app,
+        "-c",
+        configfile,
+        "-c",
+        worker_configfile,
+        "--daemonize",
+    ]
 
     try:
         subprocess.check_call(args)
@@ -266,9 +276,6 @@ def main():
             worker_cache_factors = (
                 worker_config.get("synctl_cache_factors") or cache_factors
             )
-            daemonize = worker_config.get("daemonize") or config.get("daemonize")
-            assert daemonize, "Main process must have daemonize set to true"
-
             # The master process doesn't support using worker_* config.
             for key in worker_config:
                 if key == "worker_app":  # But we allow worker_app
@@ -278,11 +285,6 @@ def main():
                 ), "Main process cannot use worker_* config"
         else:
             worker_pidfile = worker_config["worker_pid_file"]
-            worker_daemonize = worker_config["worker_daemonize"]
-            assert worker_daemonize, "In config %r: expected '%s' to be True" % (
-                worker_configfile,
-                "worker_daemonize",
-            )
             worker_cache_factor = worker_config.get("synctl_cache_factor")
             worker_cache_factors = worker_config.get("synctl_cache_factors", {})
         workers.append(
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index 6121efcfa916..cc0b10e7f628 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def test_get_user_by_req_user_valid_token(self):
         request = Mock(args={})
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(requester.user.to_string(), self.test_user)
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_user_bad_token(self):
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token(self):
         request.getClientIP.return_value = "127.0.0.1"
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(requester.user.to_string(), self.test_user)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_good_ip(self):
         request.getClientIP.return_value = "192.168.10.10"
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(requester.user.to_string(), self.test_user)
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_bad_ip(self):
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_valid_user_id(self):
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [self.test_token]
         request.args[b"user_id"] = [masquerading_user_id]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.get_user_by_req(request))
         self.assertEquals(
             requester.user.to_string(), masquerading_user_id.decode("utf8")
         )
@@ -225,7 +225,9 @@ def test_get_user_from_macaroon(self):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user_id,))
-        user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(macaroon.serialize())
+        user_info = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(macaroon.serialize())
+        )
         user = user_info["user"]
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(user_id), user)
 
@@ -250,7 +252,9 @@ def test_get_guest_user_from_macaroon(self):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("guest = true")
         serialized = macaroon.serialize()
 
-        user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(serialized)
+        user_info = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(serialized)
+        )
         user = user_info["user"]
         is_guest = user_info["is_guest"]
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(user_id), user)
@@ -260,10 +264,13 @@ def test_get_guest_user_from_macaroon(self):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_cannot_use_regular_token_as_guest(self):
         USER_ID = "@percy:matrix.org"
-        self.store.add_access_token_to_user = Mock()
+        self.store.add_access_token_to_user = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(None))
+        self.store.get_device = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(None))
 
-        token = yield self.hs.handlers.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            USER_ID, "DEVICE", valid_until_ms=None
+        token = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.hs.handlers.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                USER_ID, "DEVICE", valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
         self.store.add_access_token_to_user.assert_called_with(
             USER_ID, token, "DEVICE", None
@@ -286,7 +293,9 @@ def get_user(tok):
         request = Mock(args={})
         request.args[b"access_token"] = [token.encode("ascii")]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        requester = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(USER_ID), requester.user)
         self.assertFalse(requester.is_guest)
 
@@ -301,7 +310,9 @@ def get_user(tok):
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
 
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidClientCredentialsError) as cm:
-            yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+            )
 
         self.assertEqual(401, cm.exception.code)
         self.assertEqual("Guest access token used for regular user", cm.exception.msg)
@@ -316,7 +327,7 @@ def test_blocking_mau(self):
         small_number_of_users = 1
 
         # Ensure no error thrown
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
 
@@ -325,7 +336,7 @@ def test_blocking_mau(self):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.admin_contact, self.hs.config.admin_contact)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.code, 403)
@@ -334,7 +345,7 @@ def test_blocking_mau(self):
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(small_number_of_users)
         )
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_blocking_mau__depending_on_user_type(self):
@@ -343,15 +354,19 @@ def test_blocking_mau__depending_on_user_type(self):
 
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(100))
         # Support users allowed
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+        )
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(100))
         # Bots not allowed
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.BOT)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_type=UserTypes.BOT)
+            )
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(100))
         # Real users not allowed
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_reserved_threepid(self):
@@ -362,21 +377,22 @@ def test_reserved_threepid(self):
         unknown_threepid = {"medium": "email", "address": "unreserved@server.com"}
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = [threepid]
 
-        yield self.store.register_user(user_id="user1", password_hash=None)
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=unknown_threepid)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=unknown_threepid)
+            )
 
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid)
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking(threepid=threepid))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_hs_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled = True
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message = "Reason for being disabled"
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.admin_contact, self.hs.config.admin_contact)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.code, 403)
@@ -393,7 +409,7 @@ def test_hs_disabled_no_server_notices_user(self):
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled = True
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message = "Reason for being disabled"
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking())
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.admin_contact, self.hs.config.admin_contact)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
         self.assertEquals(e.exception.code, 403)
@@ -404,4 +420,4 @@ def test_server_notices_mxid_special_cased(self):
         user = "@user:server"
         self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid = user
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message = "Reason for being disabled"
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user)
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user))
diff --git a/tests/config/test_cache.py b/tests/config/test_cache.py
index f8901a4612fd..c6dc4e900ee9 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_cache.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_cache.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from synapse.config._base import Config, RootConfig
-from synapse.config.cache import CacheConfig, add_resizable_cache
+from synapse.config.cache import CacheConfig, add_resizable_cache, _CACHES, CACHE_PROPERTIES
 from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
 
 from tests.unittest import TestCase
@@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ def test_individual_instantiated_before_config_load(self):
         """
         cache = LruCache(100)
         add_resizable_cache("foo", cache.set_cache_factor)
-        self.assertEqual(cache.max_size, 50)
+        self.assertEqual(cache._max_size, 50)
 
         config = {"caches": {"per_cache_factors": {"foo": 3}}}
         t = TestConfig()
         t.read_config(config, config_dir_path="", data_dir_path="")
 
-        self.assertEqual(cache.max_size, 300)
+        self.assertEqual(cache._max_size, 300)
 
     def test_individual_instantiated_after_config_load(self):
         """
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def test_individual_instantiated_after_config_load(self):
 
         cache = LruCache(100)
         add_resizable_cache("foo", cache.set_cache_factor)
-        self.assertEqual(cache.max_size, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(cache._max_size, 200)
 
     def test_global_instantiated_before_config_load(self):
         """
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ def test_global_instantiated_before_config_load(self):
         """
         cache = LruCache(100)
         add_resizable_cache("foo", cache.set_cache_factor)
-        self.assertEqual(cache.max_size, 50)
+        self.assertEqual(cache._max_size, 50)
 
         config = {"caches": {"global_factor": 4}}
         t = TestConfig()
         t.read_config(config, config_dir_path="", data_dir_path="")
 
-        self.assertEqual(cache.max_size, 400)
+        self.assertEqual(cache._max_size, 400)
 
     def test_global_instantiated_after_config_load(self):
         """
@@ -122,4 +122,4 @@ def test_global_instantiated_after_config_load(self):
 
         cache = LruCache(100)
         add_resizable_cache("foo", cache.set_cache_factor)
-        self.assertEqual(cache.max_size, 150)
+        self.assertEqual(cache._max_size, 150)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index b03103d96ff5..52c4ac8b11d2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -82,16 +82,16 @@ def test_short_term_login_token_gives_user_id(self):
         self.hs.clock.now = 1000
 
         token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("a_user", 5000)
-        user_id = yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            token
+        user_id = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(token)
         )
         self.assertEqual("a_user", user_id)
 
         # when we advance the clock, the token should be rejected
         self.hs.clock.now = 6000
         with self.assertRaises(synapse.api.errors.AuthError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                token
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(token)
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -99,8 +99,10 @@ def test_short_term_login_token_cannot_replace_user_id(self):
         token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("a_user", 5000)
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon.deserialize(token)
 
-        user_id = yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            macaroon.serialize()
+        user_id = yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                macaroon.serialize()
+            )
         )
         self.assertEqual("a_user", user_id)
 
@@ -109,20 +111,26 @@ def test_short_term_login_token_cannot_replace_user_id(self):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = b_user")
 
         with self.assertRaises(synapse.api.errors.AuthError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                macaroon.serialize()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                    macaroon.serialize()
+                )
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_mau_limits_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
 
-        yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            )
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -133,16 +141,20 @@ def test_mau_limits_exceeded_large(self):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+                )
             )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.large_number_of_users)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                    self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+                )
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -154,16 +166,20 @@ def test_mau_limits_parity(self):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                    "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+                )
             )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                    self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+                )
             )
         # If in monthly active cohort
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
@@ -172,8 +188,10 @@ def test_mau_limits_parity(self):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
@@ -181,8 +199,10 @@ def test_mau_limits_parity(self):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            )
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -193,15 +213,19 @@ def test_mau_limits_not_exceeded(self):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
         # Ensure does not raise exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
         )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
-            self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+        yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+            self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
+                self._get_macaroon().serialize()
+            )
         )
 
     def _get_macaroon(self):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index e7b638dbfe49..f1dc51d6c999 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -294,7 +294,9 @@ def get_or_create_user(self, requester, localpart, displayname, password_hash=No
                 create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
             )
         else:
-            yield self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
+            yield defer.ensureDeferred(
+                self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
+            )
 
         yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
             user_id=user_id, token=token, device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
diff --git a/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py b/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ae6a87d7b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/push/test_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
+from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
+from synapse.push.push_rule_evaluator import PushRuleEvaluatorForEvent
+
+from tests import unittest
+
+
+class PushRuleEvaluatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        event = FrozenEvent(
+            {
+                "event_id": "$event_id",
+                "type": "m.room.history_visibility",
+                "sender": "@user:test",
+                "state_key": "",
+                "room_id": "@room:test",
+                "content": {"body": "foo bar baz"},
+            },
+            RoomVersions.V1,
+        )
+        room_member_count = 0
+        sender_power_level = 0
+        power_levels = {}
+        self.evaluator = PushRuleEvaluatorForEvent(
+            event, room_member_count, sender_power_level, power_levels
+        )
+
+    def test_display_name(self):
+        """Check for a matching display name in the body of the event."""
+        condition = {
+            "kind": "contains_display_name",
+        }
+
+        # Blank names are skipped.
+        self.assertFalse(self.evaluator.matches(condition, "@user:test", ""))
+
+        # Check a display name that doesn't match.
+        self.assertFalse(self.evaluator.matches(condition, "@user:test", "not found"))
+
+        # Check a display name which matches.
+        self.assertTrue(self.evaluator.matches(condition, "@user:test", "foo"))
+
+        # A display name that matches, but not a full word does not result in a match.
+        self.assertFalse(self.evaluator.matches(condition, "@user:test", "ba"))
+
+        # A display name should not be interpreted as a regular expression.
+        self.assertFalse(self.evaluator.matches(condition, "@user:test", "ba[rz]"))
+
+        # A display name with spaces should work fine.
+        self.assertTrue(self.evaluator.matches(condition, "@user:test", "foo bar"))
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 2a1e7c7166de..395c7d030623 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 from mock import Mock, NonCallableMock
 
 from synapse.replication.tcp.client import (
-    ReplicationClientFactory,
-    ReplicationClientHandler,
+    DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory,
+    ReplicationDataHandler,
 )
+from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
 from synapse.storage.database import make_conn
 
@@ -51,15 +52,19 @@ def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         self.event_id = 0
 
         server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self.hs)
-        self.streamer = server_factory.streamer
+        self.streamer = hs.get_replication_streamer()
 
-        handler_factory = Mock()
-        self.replication_handler = ReplicationClientHandler(self.slaved_store)
-        self.replication_handler.factory = handler_factory
+        # We now do some gut wrenching so that we have a client that is based
+        # off of the slave store rather than the main store.
+        self.replication_handler = ReplicationCommandHandler(self.hs)
+        self.replication_handler._replication_data_handler = ReplicationDataHandler(
+            self.slaved_store
+        )
 
-        client_factory = ReplicationClientFactory(
+        client_factory = DirectTcpReplicationClientFactory(
             self.hs, "client_name", self.replication_handler
         )
+        client_factory.handler = self.replication_handler
 
         server = server_factory.buildProtocol(None)
         client = client_factory.buildProtocol(None)
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index a755fe28794f..32238fe79a25 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 from mock import Mock
 
-from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ReplicateCommand
+from synapse.replication.tcp.handler import ReplicationCommandHandler
 from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
 
@@ -26,15 +26,20 @@
 class BaseStreamTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """Base class for tests of the replication streams"""
 
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        self.test_handler = Mock(wraps=TestReplicationDataHandler())
+        return self.setup_test_homeserver(replication_data_handler=self.test_handler)
+
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         # build a replication server
-        server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self.hs)
-        self.streamer = server_factory.streamer
+        server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(hs)
+        self.streamer = hs.get_replication_streamer()
         self.server = server_factory.buildProtocol(None)
 
-        self.test_handler = Mock(wraps=TestReplicationClientHandler())
+        repl_handler = ReplicationCommandHandler(hs)
+        repl_handler.handler = self.test_handler
         self.client = ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            hs, "client", "test", clock, self.test_handler,
+            hs, "client", "test", clock, repl_handler,
         )
 
         self._client_transport = None
@@ -69,13 +74,9 @@ def replicate(self):
         self.streamer.on_notifier_poke()
         self.pump(0.1)
 
-    def replicate_stream(self):
-        """Make the client end a REPLICATE command to set up a subscription to a stream"""
-        self.client.send_command(ReplicateCommand())
-
 
-class TestReplicationClientHandler(object):
-    """Drop-in for ReplicationClientHandler which just collects RDATA rows"""
+class TestReplicationDataHandler:
+    """Drop-in for ReplicationDataHandler which just collects RDATA rows"""
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.streams = set()
@@ -88,18 +89,9 @@ def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
                 positions[stream] = max(token, positions.get(stream, 0))
         return positions
 
-    def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
-        return []
-
-    def update_connection(self, connection):
-        pass
-
-    def finished_connecting(self):
-        pass
-
-    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
-        """Called when we get new position data."""
-
     async def on_rdata(self, stream_name, token, rows):
         for r in rows:
             self._received_rdata_rows.append((stream_name, token, r))
+
+    async def on_position(self, stream_name, token):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
index 0ec0825a0e62..a0206f7363e6 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/test_receipts.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ def test_receipt(self):
         self.reconnect()
 
         # make the client subscribe to the receipts stream
-        self.replicate_stream()
         self.test_handler.streams.add("receipts")
 
         # tell the master to send a new receipt
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py b/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3cbcb513cc9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/test_commands.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import (
+    RdataCommand,
+    ReplicateCommand,
+    parse_command_from_line,
+)
+
+from tests.unittest import TestCase
+
+
+class ParseCommandTestCase(TestCase):
+    def test_parse_one_word_command(self):
+        line = "REPLICATE"
+        cmd = parse_command_from_line(line)
+        self.assertIsInstance(cmd, ReplicateCommand)
+
+    def test_parse_rdata(self):
+        line = 'RDATA events 6287863 ["ev", ["$eventid", "!roomid", "type", null, null, null]]'
+        cmd = parse_command_from_line(line)
+        self.assertIsInstance(cmd, RdataCommand)
+        self.assertEqual(cmd.stream_name, "events")
+        self.assertEqual(cmd.token, 6287863)
+
+    def test_parse_rdata_batch(self):
+        line = 'RDATA presence batch ["@foo:example.com", "online"]'
+        cmd = parse_command_from_line(line)
+        self.assertIsInstance(cmd, RdataCommand)
+        self.assertEqual(cmd.stream_name, "presence")
+        self.assertIsNone(cmd.token)
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index 0342aed416b0..977615ebef7e 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import os
 import urllib.parse
 from binascii import unhexlify
-from typing import List, Optional
 
 from mock import Mock
 
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.rest.admin import VersionServlet
-from synapse.rest.client.v1 import directory, events, login, room
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import groups
 
 from tests import unittest
@@ -51,129 +50,6 @@ def test_version_string(self):
         )
 
 
-class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
-    servlets = [
-        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
-        login.register_servlets,
-        events.register_servlets,
-        room.register_servlets,
-        room.register_deprecated_servlets,
-    ]
-
-    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
-        self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
-        hs.config.user_consent_version = "1"
-
-        consent_uri_builder = Mock()
-        consent_uri_builder.build_user_consent_uri.return_value = "http://example.com"
-        self.event_creation_handler._consent_uri_builder = consent_uri_builder
-
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
-        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
-
-        self.other_user = self.register_user("user", "pass")
-        self.other_user_token = self.login("user", "pass")
-
-        # Mark the admin user as having consented
-        self.get_success(self.store.user_set_consent_version(self.admin_user, "1"))
-
-    def test_shutdown_room_consent(self):
-        """Test that we can shutdown rooms with local users who have not
-        yet accepted the privacy policy. This used to fail when we tried to
-        force part the user from the old room.
-        """
-        self.event_creation_handler._block_events_without_consent_error = None
-
-        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.other_user, tok=self.other_user_token)
-
-        # Assert one user in room
-        users_in_room = self.get_success(self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id))
-        self.assertEqual([self.other_user], users_in_room)
-
-        # Enable require consent to send events
-        self.event_creation_handler._block_events_without_consent_error = "Error"
-
-        # Assert that the user is getting consent error
-        self.helper.send(
-            room_id, body="foo", tok=self.other_user_token, expect_code=403
-        )
-
-        # Test that the admin can still send shutdown
-        url = "admin/shutdown_room/" + room_id
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST",
-            url.encode("ascii"),
-            json.dumps({"new_room_user_id": self.admin_user}),
-            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-        # Assert there is now no longer anyone in the room
-        users_in_room = self.get_success(self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id))
-        self.assertEqual([], users_in_room)
-
-    def test_shutdown_room_block_peek(self):
-        """Test that a world_readable room can no longer be peeked into after
-        it has been shut down.
-        """
-
-        self.event_creation_handler._block_events_without_consent_error = None
-
-        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.other_user, tok=self.other_user_token)
-
-        # Enable world readable
-        url = "rooms/%s/state/m.room.history_visibility" % (room_id,)
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT",
-            url.encode("ascii"),
-            json.dumps({"history_visibility": "world_readable"}),
-            access_token=self.other_user_token,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-        # Test that the admin can still send shutdown
-        url = "admin/shutdown_room/" + room_id
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST",
-            url.encode("ascii"),
-            json.dumps({"new_room_user_id": self.admin_user}),
-            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-        # Assert we can no longer peek into the room
-        self._assert_peek(room_id, expect_code=403)
-
-    def _assert_peek(self, room_id, expect_code):
-        """Assert that the admin user can (or cannot) peek into the room.
-        """
-
-        url = "rooms/%s/initialSync" % (room_id,)
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            expect_code, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
-        )
-
-        url = "events?timeout=0&room_id=" + room_id
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            expect_code, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
-        )
-
-
 class DeleteGroupTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     servlets = [
         synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
@@ -273,86 +149,6 @@ def _get_groups_user_is_in(self, access_token):
         return channel.json_body["groups"]
 
 
-class PurgeRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
-    """Test /purge_room admin API.
-    """
-
-    servlets = [
-        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
-        login.register_servlets,
-        room.register_servlets,
-    ]
-
-    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
-        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
-
-    def test_purge_room(self):
-        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-
-        # All users have to have left the room.
-        self.helper.leave(room_id, user=self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-
-        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/purge_room"
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST",
-            url.encode("ascii"),
-            {"room_id": room_id},
-            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-        # Test that the following tables have been purged of all rows related to the room.
-        for table in (
-            "current_state_events",
-            "event_backward_extremities",
-            "event_forward_extremities",
-            "event_json",
-            "event_push_actions",
-            "event_search",
-            "events",
-            "group_rooms",
-            "public_room_list_stream",
-            "receipts_graph",
-            "receipts_linearized",
-            "room_aliases",
-            "room_depth",
-            "room_memberships",
-            "room_stats_state",
-            "room_stats_current",
-            "room_stats_historical",
-            "room_stats_earliest_token",
-            "rooms",
-            "stream_ordering_to_exterm",
-            "users_in_public_rooms",
-            "users_who_share_private_rooms",
-            "appservice_room_list",
-            "e2e_room_keys",
-            "event_push_summary",
-            "pusher_throttle",
-            "group_summary_rooms",
-            "local_invites",
-            "room_account_data",
-            "room_tags",
-            # "state_groups",  # Current impl leaves orphaned state groups around.
-            "state_groups_state",
-        ):
-            count = self.get_success(
-                self.store.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
-                    table=table,
-                    keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-                    retcol="COUNT(*)",
-                    desc="test_purge_room",
-                )
-            )
-
-            self.assertEqual(count, 0, msg="Rows not purged in {}".format(table))
-
-
 class QuarantineMediaTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """Test /quarantine_media admin API.
     """
@@ -691,389 +487,3 @@ def test_quarantine_all_media_by_user(self):
                 % server_and_media_id_2
             ),
         )
-
-
-class RoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
-    """Test /room admin API.
-    """
-
-    servlets = [
-        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
-        login.register_servlets,
-        room.register_servlets,
-        directory.register_servlets,
-    ]
-
-    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
-        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-
-        # Create user
-        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
-        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
-
-    def test_list_rooms(self):
-        """Test that we can list rooms"""
-        # Create 3 test rooms
-        total_rooms = 3
-        room_ids = []
-        for x in range(total_rooms):
-            room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
-                self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
-            )
-            room_ids.append(room_id)
-
-        # Request the list of rooms
-        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms"
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-
-        # Check request completed successfully
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.code), msg=channel.json_body)
-
-        # Check that response json body contains a "rooms" key
-        self.assertTrue(
-            "rooms" in channel.json_body,
-            msg="Response body does not " "contain a 'rooms' key",
-        )
-
-        # Check that 3 rooms were returned
-        self.assertEqual(3, len(channel.json_body["rooms"]), msg=channel.json_body)
-
-        # Check their room_ids match
-        returned_room_ids = [room["room_id"] for room in channel.json_body["rooms"]]
-        self.assertEqual(room_ids, returned_room_ids)
-
-        # Check that all fields are available
-        for r in channel.json_body["rooms"]:
-            self.assertIn("name", r)
-            self.assertIn("canonical_alias", r)
-            self.assertIn("joined_members", r)
-
-        # Check that the correct number of total rooms was returned
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], total_rooms)
-
-        # Check that the offset is correct
-        # Should be 0 as we aren't paginating
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
-
-        # Check that the prev_batch parameter is not present
-        self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-        # We shouldn't receive a next token here as there's no further rooms to show
-        self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-    def test_list_rooms_pagination(self):
-        """Test that we can get a full list of rooms through pagination"""
-        # Create 5 test rooms
-        total_rooms = 5
-        room_ids = []
-        for x in range(total_rooms):
-            room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
-                self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
-            )
-            room_ids.append(room_id)
-
-        # Set the name of the rooms so we get a consistent returned ordering
-        for idx, room_id in enumerate(room_ids):
-            self.helper.send_state(
-                room_id, "m.room.name", {"name": str(idx)}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-            )
-
-        # Request the list of rooms
-        returned_room_ids = []
-        start = 0
-        limit = 2
-
-        run_count = 0
-        should_repeat = True
-        while should_repeat:
-            run_count += 1
-
-            url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?from=%d&limit=%d&order_by=%s" % (
-                start,
-                limit,
-                "alphabetical",
-            )
-            request, channel = self.make_request(
-                "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-            )
-            self.render(request)
-            self.assertEqual(
-                200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
-            )
-
-            self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
-            for r in channel.json_body["rooms"]:
-                returned_room_ids.append(r["room_id"])
-
-            # Check that the correct number of total rooms was returned
-            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], total_rooms)
-
-            # Check that the offset is correct
-            # We're only getting 2 rooms each page, so should be 2 * last run_count
-            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 2 * (run_count - 1))
-
-            if run_count > 1:
-                # Check the value of prev_batch is correct
-                self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["prev_batch"], 2 * (run_count - 2))
-
-            if "next_batch" not in channel.json_body:
-                # We have reached the end of the list
-                should_repeat = False
-            else:
-                # Make another query with an updated start value
-                start = channel.json_body["next_batch"]
-
-        # We should've queried the endpoint 3 times
-        self.assertEqual(
-            run_count,
-            3,
-            msg="Should've queried 3 times for 5 rooms with limit 2 per query",
-        )
-
-        # Check that we received all of the room ids
-        self.assertEqual(room_ids, returned_room_ids)
-
-        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?from=%d&limit=%d" % (start, limit)
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-    def test_correct_room_attributes(self):
-        """Test the correct attributes for a room are returned"""
-        # Create a test room
-        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-
-        test_alias = "#test:test"
-        test_room_name = "something"
-
-        # Have another user join the room
-        user_2 = self.register_user("user4", "pass")
-        user_tok_2 = self.login("user4", "pass")
-        self.helper.join(room_id, user_2, tok=user_tok_2)
-
-        # Create a new alias to this room
-        url = "/_matrix/client/r0/directory/room/%s" % (urllib.parse.quote(test_alias),)
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT",
-            url.encode("ascii"),
-            {"room_id": room_id},
-            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-        # Set this new alias as the canonical alias for this room
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id,
-            "m.room.aliases",
-            {"aliases": [test_alias]},
-            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-            state_key="test",
-        )
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id,
-            "m.room.canonical_alias",
-            {"alias": test_alias},
-            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-
-        # Set a name for the room
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id, "m.room.name", {"name": test_room_name}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-
-        # Request the list of rooms
-        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms"
-        request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-
-        # Check that rooms were returned
-        self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
-        rooms = channel.json_body["rooms"]
-
-        # Check that only one room was returned
-        self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 1)
-
-        # And that the value of the total_rooms key was correct
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], 1)
-
-        # Check that the offset is correct
-        # We're not paginating, so should be 0
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
-
-        # Check that there is no `prev_batch`
-        self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-        # Check that there is no `next_batch`
-        self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-        # Check that all provided attributes are set
-        r = rooms[0]
-        self.assertEqual(room_id, r["room_id"])
-        self.assertEqual(test_room_name, r["name"])
-        self.assertEqual(test_alias, r["canonical_alias"])
-
-    def test_room_list_sort_order(self):
-        """Test room list sort ordering. alphabetical versus number of members,
-        reversing the order, etc.
-        """
-        # Create 3 test rooms
-        room_id_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-        room_id_2 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-        room_id_3 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-
-        # Set room names in alphabetical order. room 1 -> A, 2 -> B, 3 -> C
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id_1, "m.room.name", {"name": "A"}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id_2, "m.room.name", {"name": "B"}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id_3, "m.room.name", {"name": "C"}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-
-        # Set room member size in the reverse order. room 1 -> 1 member, 2 -> 2, 3 -> 3
-        user_1 = self.register_user("bob1", "pass")
-        user_1_tok = self.login("bob1", "pass")
-        self.helper.join(room_id_2, user_1, tok=user_1_tok)
-
-        user_2 = self.register_user("bob2", "pass")
-        user_2_tok = self.login("bob2", "pass")
-        self.helper.join(room_id_3, user_2, tok=user_2_tok)
-
-        user_3 = self.register_user("bob3", "pass")
-        user_3_tok = self.login("bob3", "pass")
-        self.helper.join(room_id_3, user_3, tok=user_3_tok)
-
-        def _order_test(
-            order_type: str, expected_room_list: List[str], reverse: bool = False,
-        ):
-            """Request the list of rooms in a certain order. Assert that order is what
-            we expect
-
-            Args:
-                order_type: The type of ordering to give the server
-                expected_room_list: The list of room_ids in the order we expect to get
-                    back from the server
-            """
-            # Request the list of rooms in the given order
-            url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?order_by=%s" % (order_type,)
-            if reverse:
-                url += "&dir=b"
-            request, channel = self.make_request(
-                "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-            )
-            self.render(request)
-            self.assertEqual(200, channel.code, msg=channel.json_body)
-
-            # Check that rooms were returned
-            self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
-            rooms = channel.json_body["rooms"]
-
-            # Check for the correct total_rooms value
-            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], 3)
-
-            # Check that the offset is correct
-            # We're not paginating, so should be 0
-            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
-
-            # Check that there is no `prev_batch`
-            self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-            # Check that there is no `next_batch`
-            self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-            # Check that rooms were returned in alphabetical order
-            returned_order = [r["room_id"] for r in rooms]
-            self.assertListEqual(expected_room_list, returned_order)  # order is checked
-
-        # Test different sort orders, with forward and reverse directions
-        _order_test("alphabetical", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
-        _order_test("alphabetical", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1], reverse=True)
-
-        _order_test("size", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1])
-        _order_test("size", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
-
-    def test_search_term(self):
-        """Test that searching for a room works correctly"""
-        # Create two test rooms
-        room_id_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-        room_id_2 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
-
-        room_name_1 = "something"
-        room_name_2 = "else"
-
-        # Set the name for each room
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id_1, "m.room.name", {"name": room_name_1}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            room_id_2, "m.room.name", {"name": room_name_2}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
-        )
-
-        def _search_test(
-            expected_room_id: Optional[str],
-            search_term: str,
-            expected_http_code: int = 200,
-        ):
-            """Search for a room and check that the returned room's id is a match
-
-            Args:
-                expected_room_id: The room_id expected to be returned by the API. Set
-                    to None to expect zero results for the search
-                search_term: The term to search for room names with
-                expected_http_code: The expected http code for the request
-            """
-            url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?search_term=%s" % (search_term,)
-            request, channel = self.make_request(
-                "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
-            )
-            self.render(request)
-            self.assertEqual(expected_http_code, channel.code, msg=channel.json_body)
-
-            if expected_http_code != 200:
-                return
-
-            # Check that rooms were returned
-            self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
-            rooms = channel.json_body["rooms"]
-
-            # Check that the expected number of rooms were returned
-            expected_room_count = 1 if expected_room_id else 0
-            self.assertEqual(len(rooms), expected_room_count)
-            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], expected_room_count)
-
-            # Check that the offset is correct
-            # We're not paginating, so should be 0
-            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
-
-            # Check that there is no `prev_batch`
-            self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-            # Check that there is no `next_batch`
-            self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
-
-            if expected_room_id:
-                # Check that the first returned room id is correct
-                r = rooms[0]
-                self.assertEqual(expected_room_id, r["room_id"])
-
-        # Perform search tests
-        _search_test(room_id_1, "something")
-        _search_test(room_id_1, "thing")
-
-        _search_test(room_id_2, "else")
-        _search_test(room_id_2, "se")
-
-        _search_test(None, "foo")
-        _search_test(None, "bar")
-        _search_test(None, "", expected_http_code=400)
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
index 672cc3eac521..249c93722f47 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_room.py
@@ -14,16 +14,694 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import json
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from mock import Mock
 
 import synapse.rest.admin
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes
-from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import directory, events, login, room
 
 from tests import unittest
 
 """Tests admin REST events for /rooms paths."""
 
 
+class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        events.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        room.register_deprecated_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
+        hs.config.user_consent_version = "1"
+
+        consent_uri_builder = Mock()
+        consent_uri_builder.build_user_consent_uri.return_value = "http://example.com"
+        self.event_creation_handler._consent_uri_builder = consent_uri_builder
+
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
+
+        self.other_user = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.other_user_token = self.login("user", "pass")
+
+        # Mark the admin user as having consented
+        self.get_success(self.store.user_set_consent_version(self.admin_user, "1"))
+
+    def test_shutdown_room_consent(self):
+        """Test that we can shutdown rooms with local users who have not
+        yet accepted the privacy policy. This used to fail when we tried to
+        force part the user from the old room.
+        """
+        self.event_creation_handler._block_events_without_consent_error = None
+
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.other_user, tok=self.other_user_token)
+
+        # Assert one user in room
+        users_in_room = self.get_success(self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id))
+        self.assertEqual([self.other_user], users_in_room)
+
+        # Enable require consent to send events
+        self.event_creation_handler._block_events_without_consent_error = "Error"
+
+        # Assert that the user is getting consent error
+        self.helper.send(
+            room_id, body="foo", tok=self.other_user_token, expect_code=403
+        )
+
+        # Test that the admin can still send shutdown
+        url = "admin/shutdown_room/" + room_id
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            url.encode("ascii"),
+            json.dumps({"new_room_user_id": self.admin_user}),
+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Assert there is now no longer anyone in the room
+        users_in_room = self.get_success(self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id))
+        self.assertEqual([], users_in_room)
+
+    def test_shutdown_room_block_peek(self):
+        """Test that a world_readable room can no longer be peeked into after
+        it has been shut down.
+        """
+
+        self.event_creation_handler._block_events_without_consent_error = None
+
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.other_user, tok=self.other_user_token)
+
+        # Enable world readable
+        url = "rooms/%s/state/m.room.history_visibility" % (room_id,)
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "PUT",
+            url.encode("ascii"),
+            json.dumps({"history_visibility": "world_readable"}),
+            access_token=self.other_user_token,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Test that the admin can still send shutdown
+        url = "admin/shutdown_room/" + room_id
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            url.encode("ascii"),
+            json.dumps({"new_room_user_id": self.admin_user}),
+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Assert we can no longer peek into the room
+        self._assert_peek(room_id, expect_code=403)
+
+    def _assert_peek(self, room_id, expect_code):
+        """Assert that the admin user can (or cannot) peek into the room.
+        """
+
+        url = "rooms/%s/initialSync" % (room_id,)
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            expect_code, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
+        )
+
+        url = "events?timeout=0&room_id=" + room_id
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            expect_code, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
+        )
+
+
+class PurgeRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Test /purge_room admin API.
+    """
+
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
+
+    def test_purge_room(self):
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+
+        # All users have to have left the room.
+        self.helper.leave(room_id, user=self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+
+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/purge_room"
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            url.encode("ascii"),
+            {"room_id": room_id},
+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Test that the following tables have been purged of all rows related to the room.
+        for table in (
+            "current_state_events",
+            "event_backward_extremities",
+            "event_forward_extremities",
+            "event_json",
+            "event_push_actions",
+            "event_search",
+            "events",
+            "group_rooms",
+            "public_room_list_stream",
+            "receipts_graph",
+            "receipts_linearized",
+            "room_aliases",
+            "room_depth",
+            "room_memberships",
+            "room_stats_state",
+            "room_stats_current",
+            "room_stats_historical",
+            "room_stats_earliest_token",
+            "rooms",
+            "stream_ordering_to_exterm",
+            "users_in_public_rooms",
+            "users_who_share_private_rooms",
+            "appservice_room_list",
+            "e2e_room_keys",
+            "event_push_summary",
+            "pusher_throttle",
+            "group_summary_rooms",
+            "local_invites",
+            "room_account_data",
+            "room_tags",
+            # "state_groups",  # Current impl leaves orphaned state groups around.
+            "state_groups_state",
+        ):
+            count = self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
+                    table=table,
+                    keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+                    retcol="COUNT(*)",
+                    desc="test_purge_room",
+                )
+            )
+
+            self.assertEqual(count, 0, msg="Rows not purged in {}".format(table))
+
+
+class RoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Test /room admin API.
+    """
+
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        directory.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+        # Create user
+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
+
+    def test_list_rooms(self):
+        """Test that we can list rooms"""
+        # Create 3 test rooms
+        total_rooms = 3
+        room_ids = []
+        for x in range(total_rooms):
+            room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+                self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
+            )
+            room_ids.append(room_id)
+
+        # Request the list of rooms
+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms"
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Check request completed successfully
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.code), msg=channel.json_body)
+
+        # Check that response json body contains a "rooms" key
+        self.assertTrue(
+            "rooms" in channel.json_body,
+            msg="Response body does not " "contain a 'rooms' key",
+        )
+
+        # Check that 3 rooms were returned
+        self.assertEqual(3, len(channel.json_body["rooms"]), msg=channel.json_body)
+
+        # Check their room_ids match
+        returned_room_ids = [room["room_id"] for room in channel.json_body["rooms"]]
+        self.assertEqual(room_ids, returned_room_ids)
+
+        # Check that all fields are available
+        for r in channel.json_body["rooms"]:
+            self.assertIn("name", r)
+            self.assertIn("canonical_alias", r)
+            self.assertIn("joined_members", r)
+            self.assertIn("joined_local_members", r)
+            self.assertIn("version", r)
+            self.assertIn("creator", r)
+            self.assertIn("encryption", r)
+            self.assertIn("federatable", r)
+            self.assertIn("public", r)
+            self.assertIn("join_rules", r)
+            self.assertIn("guest_access", r)
+            self.assertIn("history_visibility", r)
+            self.assertIn("state_events", r)
+
+        # Check that the correct number of total rooms was returned
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], total_rooms)
+
+        # Check that the offset is correct
+        # Should be 0 as we aren't paginating
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
+
+        # Check that the prev_batch parameter is not present
+        self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+        # We shouldn't receive a next token here as there's no further rooms to show
+        self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+    def test_list_rooms_pagination(self):
+        """Test that we can get a full list of rooms through pagination"""
+        # Create 5 test rooms
+        total_rooms = 5
+        room_ids = []
+        for x in range(total_rooms):
+            room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+                self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
+            )
+            room_ids.append(room_id)
+
+        # Set the name of the rooms so we get a consistent returned ordering
+        for idx, room_id in enumerate(room_ids):
+            self.helper.send_state(
+                room_id, "m.room.name", {"name": str(idx)}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+            )
+
+        # Request the list of rooms
+        returned_room_ids = []
+        start = 0
+        limit = 2
+
+        run_count = 0
+        should_repeat = True
+        while should_repeat:
+            run_count += 1
+
+            url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?from=%d&limit=%d&order_by=%s" % (
+                start,
+                limit,
+                "name",
+            )
+            request, channel = self.make_request(
+                "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+            )
+            self.render(request)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
+            )
+
+            self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
+            for r in channel.json_body["rooms"]:
+                returned_room_ids.append(r["room_id"])
+
+            # Check that the correct number of total rooms was returned
+            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], total_rooms)
+
+            # Check that the offset is correct
+            # We're only getting 2 rooms each page, so should be 2 * last run_count
+            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 2 * (run_count - 1))
+
+            if run_count > 1:
+                # Check the value of prev_batch is correct
+                self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["prev_batch"], 2 * (run_count - 2))
+
+            if "next_batch" not in channel.json_body:
+                # We have reached the end of the list
+                should_repeat = False
+            else:
+                # Make another query with an updated start value
+                start = channel.json_body["next_batch"]
+
+        # We should've queried the endpoint 3 times
+        self.assertEqual(
+            run_count,
+            3,
+            msg="Should've queried 3 times for 5 rooms with limit 2 per query",
+        )
+
+        # Check that we received all of the room ids
+        self.assertEqual(room_ids, returned_room_ids)
+
+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?from=%d&limit=%d" % (start, limit)
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+    def test_correct_room_attributes(self):
+        """Test the correct attributes for a room are returned"""
+        # Create a test room
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+
+        test_alias = "#test:test"
+        test_room_name = "something"
+
+        # Have another user join the room
+        user_2 = self.register_user("user4", "pass")
+        user_tok_2 = self.login("user4", "pass")
+        self.helper.join(room_id, user_2, tok=user_tok_2)
+
+        # Create a new alias to this room
+        url = "/_matrix/client/r0/directory/room/%s" % (urllib.parse.quote(test_alias),)
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "PUT",
+            url.encode("ascii"),
+            {"room_id": room_id},
+            access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Set this new alias as the canonical alias for this room
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id,
+            "m.room.aliases",
+            {"aliases": [test_alias]},
+            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+            state_key="test",
+        )
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id,
+            "m.room.canonical_alias",
+            {"alias": test_alias},
+            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+
+        # Set a name for the room
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id, "m.room.name", {"name": test_room_name}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+
+        # Request the list of rooms
+        url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms"
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
+
+        # Check that rooms were returned
+        self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
+        rooms = channel.json_body["rooms"]
+
+        # Check that only one room was returned
+        self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 1)
+
+        # And that the value of the total_rooms key was correct
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], 1)
+
+        # Check that the offset is correct
+        # We're not paginating, so should be 0
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
+
+        # Check that there is no `prev_batch`
+        self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+        # Check that there is no `next_batch`
+        self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+        # Check that all provided attributes are set
+        r = rooms[0]
+        self.assertEqual(room_id, r["room_id"])
+        self.assertEqual(test_room_name, r["name"])
+        self.assertEqual(test_alias, r["canonical_alias"])
+
+    def test_room_list_sort_order(self):
+        """Test room list sort ordering. alphabetical name versus number of members,
+        reversing the order, etc.
+        """
+
+        def _set_canonical_alias(room_id: str, test_alias: str, admin_user_tok: str):
+            # Create a new alias to this room
+            url = "/_matrix/client/r0/directory/room/%s" % (
+                urllib.parse.quote(test_alias),
+            )
+            request, channel = self.make_request(
+                "PUT",
+                url.encode("ascii"),
+                {"room_id": room_id},
+                access_token=admin_user_tok,
+            )
+            self.render(request)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"]
+            )
+
+            # Set this new alias as the canonical alias for this room
+            self.helper.send_state(
+                room_id,
+                "m.room.aliases",
+                {"aliases": [test_alias]},
+                tok=admin_user_tok,
+                state_key="test",
+            )
+            self.helper.send_state(
+                room_id,
+                "m.room.canonical_alias",
+                {"alias": test_alias},
+                tok=admin_user_tok,
+            )
+
+        def _order_test(
+            order_type: str, expected_room_list: List[str], reverse: bool = False,
+        ):
+            """Request the list of rooms in a certain order. Assert that order is what
+            we expect
+
+            Args:
+                order_type: The type of ordering to give the server
+                expected_room_list: The list of room_ids in the order we expect to get
+                    back from the server
+            """
+            # Request the list of rooms in the given order
+            url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?order_by=%s" % (order_type,)
+            if reverse:
+                url += "&dir=b"
+            request, channel = self.make_request(
+                "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+            )
+            self.render(request)
+            self.assertEqual(200, channel.code, msg=channel.json_body)
+
+            # Check that rooms were returned
+            self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
+            rooms = channel.json_body["rooms"]
+
+            # Check for the correct total_rooms value
+            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], 3)
+
+            # Check that the offset is correct
+            # We're not paginating, so should be 0
+            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
+
+            # Check that there is no `prev_batch`
+            self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+            # Check that there is no `next_batch`
+            self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+            # Check that rooms were returned in alphabetical order
+            returned_order = [r["room_id"] for r in rooms]
+            self.assertListEqual(expected_room_list, returned_order)  # order is checked
+
+        # Create 3 test rooms
+        room_id_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+        room_id_2 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+        room_id_3 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+
+        # Set room names in alphabetical order. room 1 -> A, 2 -> B, 3 -> C
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id_1, "m.room.name", {"name": "A"}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id_2, "m.room.name", {"name": "B"}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id_3, "m.room.name", {"name": "C"}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+
+        # Set room canonical room aliases
+        _set_canonical_alias(room_id_1, "#A_alias:test", self.admin_user_tok)
+        _set_canonical_alias(room_id_2, "#B_alias:test", self.admin_user_tok)
+        _set_canonical_alias(room_id_3, "#C_alias:test", self.admin_user_tok)
+
+        # Set room member size in the reverse order. room 1 -> 1 member, 2 -> 2, 3 -> 3
+        user_1 = self.register_user("bob1", "pass")
+        user_1_tok = self.login("bob1", "pass")
+        self.helper.join(room_id_2, user_1, tok=user_1_tok)
+
+        user_2 = self.register_user("bob2", "pass")
+        user_2_tok = self.login("bob2", "pass")
+        self.helper.join(room_id_3, user_2, tok=user_2_tok)
+
+        user_3 = self.register_user("bob3", "pass")
+        user_3_tok = self.login("bob3", "pass")
+        self.helper.join(room_id_3, user_3, tok=user_3_tok)
+
+        # Test different sort orders, with forward and reverse directions
+        _order_test("name", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("name", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("canonical_alias", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("canonical_alias", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("joined_members", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1])
+        _order_test("joined_members", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("joined_local_members", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1])
+        _order_test(
+            "joined_local_members", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True
+        )
+
+        _order_test("version", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("version", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("creator", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("creator", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("encryption", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("encryption", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("federatable", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("federatable", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("public", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        # Different sort order of SQlite and PostreSQL
+        # _order_test("public", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("join_rules", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("join_rules", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("guest_access", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test("guest_access", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+        _order_test("history_visibility", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3])
+        _order_test(
+            "history_visibility", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True
+        )
+
+        _order_test("state_events", [room_id_3, room_id_2, room_id_1])
+        _order_test("state_events", [room_id_1, room_id_2, room_id_3], reverse=True)
+
+    def test_search_term(self):
+        """Test that searching for a room works correctly"""
+        # Create two test rooms
+        room_id_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+        room_id_2 = self.helper.create_room_as(self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok)
+
+        room_name_1 = "something"
+        room_name_2 = "else"
+
+        # Set the name for each room
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id_1, "m.room.name", {"name": room_name_1}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id_2, "m.room.name", {"name": room_name_2}, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+
+        def _search_test(
+            expected_room_id: Optional[str],
+            search_term: str,
+            expected_http_code: int = 200,
+        ):
+            """Search for a room and check that the returned room's id is a match
+
+            Args:
+                expected_room_id: The room_id expected to be returned by the API. Set
+                    to None to expect zero results for the search
+                search_term: The term to search for room names with
+                expected_http_code: The expected http code for the request
+            """
+            url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/rooms?search_term=%s" % (search_term,)
+            request, channel = self.make_request(
+                "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
+            )
+            self.render(request)
+            self.assertEqual(expected_http_code, channel.code, msg=channel.json_body)
+
+            if expected_http_code != 200:
+                return
+
+            # Check that rooms were returned
+            self.assertTrue("rooms" in channel.json_body)
+            rooms = channel.json_body["rooms"]
+
+            # Check that the expected number of rooms were returned
+            expected_room_count = 1 if expected_room_id else 0
+            self.assertEqual(len(rooms), expected_room_count)
+            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["total_rooms"], expected_room_count)
+
+            # Check that the offset is correct
+            # We're not paginating, so should be 0
+            self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["offset"], 0)
+
+            # Check that there is no `prev_batch`
+            self.assertNotIn("prev_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+            # Check that there is no `next_batch`
+            self.assertNotIn("next_batch", channel.json_body)
+
+            if expected_room_id:
+                # Check that the first returned room id is correct
+                r = rooms[0]
+                self.assertEqual(expected_room_id, r["room_id"])
+
+        # Perform search tests
+        _search_test(room_id_1, "something")
+        _search_test(room_id_1, "thing")
+
+        _search_test(room_id_2, "else")
+        _search_test(room_id_2, "se")
+
+        _search_test(None, "foo")
+        _search_test(None, "bar")
+        _search_test(None, "", expected_http_code=400)
+
+
 class JoinAliasRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     servlets = [
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..913ea3c98e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_power_levels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import sync
+
+from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase
+
+
+class PowerLevelsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Tests that power levels are enforced in various situations"""
+
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        sync.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        config = self.default_config()
+
+        return self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        # register a room admin, moderator and regular user
+        self.admin_user_id = self.register_user("admin", "pass")
+        self.admin_access_token = self.login("admin", "pass")
+        self.mod_user_id = self.register_user("mod", "pass")
+        self.mod_access_token = self.login("mod", "pass")
+        self.user_user_id = self.register_user("user", "pass")
+        self.user_access_token = self.login("user", "pass")
+
+        # Create a room
+        self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user_id, tok=self.admin_access_token
+        )
+
+        # Invite the other users
+        self.helper.invite(
+            room=self.room_id,
+            src=self.admin_user_id,
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            targ=self.mod_user_id,
+        )
+        self.helper.invite(
+            room=self.room_id,
+            src=self.admin_user_id,
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            targ=self.user_user_id,
+        )
+
+        # Make the other users join the room
+        self.helper.join(
+            room=self.room_id, user=self.mod_user_id, tok=self.mod_access_token
+        )
+        self.helper.join(
+            room=self.room_id, user=self.user_user_id, tok=self.user_access_token
+        )
+
+        # Mod the mod
+        room_power_levels = self.helper.get_state(
+            self.room_id, "m.room.power_levels", tok=self.admin_access_token,
+        )
+
+        # Update existing power levels with mod at PL50
+        room_power_levels["users"].update({self.mod_user_id: 50})
+
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.power_levels",
+            room_power_levels,
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+        )
+
+    def test_non_admins_cannot_enable_room_encryption(self):
+        # have the mod try to enable room encryption
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.encryption",
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2"},
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+        # have the user try to enable room encryption
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.encryption",
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2"},
+            tok=self.user_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+    def test_non_admins_cannot_send_server_acl(self):
+        # have the mod try to send a server ACL
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.server_acl",
+            {
+                "allow": ["*"],
+                "allow_ip_literals": False,
+                "deny": ["*.evil.com", "evil.com"],
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+        # have the user try to send a server ACL
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.server_acl",
+            {
+                "allow": ["*"],
+                "allow_ip_literals": False,
+                "deny": ["*.evil.com", "evil.com"],
+            },
+            tok=self.user_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+    def test_non_admins_cannot_tombstone_room(self):
+        # Create another room that will serve as our "upgraded room"
+        self.upgraded_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user_id, tok=self.admin_access_token
+        )
+
+        # have the mod try to send a tombstone event
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.tombstone",
+            {
+                "body": "This room has been replaced",
+                "replacement_room": self.upgraded_room_id,
+            },
+            tok=self.mod_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+        # have the user try to send a tombstone event
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.tombstone",
+            {
+                "body": "This room has been replaced",
+                "replacement_room": self.upgraded_room_id,
+            },
+            tok=self.user_access_token,
+            expect_code=403,  # expect failure
+        )
+
+    def test_admins_can_enable_room_encryption(self):
+        # have the admin try to enable room encryption
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.encryption",
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha2"},
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            expect_code=200,  # expect success
+        )
+
+    def test_admins_can_send_server_acl(self):
+        # have the admin try to send a server ACL
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.server_acl",
+            {
+                "allow": ["*"],
+                "allow_ip_literals": False,
+                "deny": ["*.evil.com", "evil.com"],
+            },
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            expect_code=200,  # expect success
+        )
+
+    def test_admins_can_tombstone_room(self):
+        # Create another room that will serve as our "upgraded room"
+        self.upgraded_room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user_id, tok=self.admin_access_token
+        )
+
+        # have the admin try to send a tombstone event
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.tombstone",
+            {
+                "body": "This room has been replaced",
+                "replacement_room": self.upgraded_room_id,
+            },
+            tok=self.admin_access_token,
+            expect_code=200,  # expect success
+        )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
index ffb2de1505f5..b54b06482b13 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
 
         return hs
 
-    def prepare(self, hs, reactor, clock):
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
 
         # register an account
         self.user_id = self.register_user("sid1", "pass")
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
index aed8853d6e9d..1856c7ffd5a6 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def _delete_device(self, access_token, user_id, password, device_id):
         self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
 
 
-class CASRedirectConfirmTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+class CASTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     servlets = [
         login.register_servlets,
@@ -274,6 +274,9 @@ def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
             "service_url": "https://matrix.goodserver.com:8448",
         }
 
+        cas_user_id = "username"
+        self.user_id = "@%s:test" % cas_user_id
+
         async def get_raw(uri, args):
             """Return an example response payload from a call to the `/proxyValidate`
             endpoint of a CAS server, copied from
@@ -282,10 +285,11 @@ async def get_raw(uri, args):
             This needs to be returned by an async function (as opposed to set as the
             mock's return value) because the corresponding Synapse code awaits on it.
             """
-            return """
+            return (
+                """
                 <cas:serviceResponse xmlns:cas='http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas'>
                   <cas:authenticationSuccess>
-                      <cas:user>username</cas:user>
+                      <cas:user>%s</cas:user>
                       <cas:proxyGrantingTicket>PGTIOU-84678-8a9d...</cas:proxyGrantingTicket>
                       <cas:proxies>
                           <cas:proxy>https://proxy2/pgtUrl</cas:proxy>
@@ -294,6 +298,8 @@ async def get_raw(uri, args):
                   </cas:authenticationSuccess>
                 </cas:serviceResponse>
             """
+                % cas_user_id
+            )
 
         mocked_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_raw"])
         mocked_http_client.get_raw.side_effect = get_raw
@@ -304,6 +310,9 @@ async def get_raw(uri, args):
 
         return self.hs
 
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.deactivate_account_handler = hs.get_deactivate_account_handler()
+
     def test_cas_redirect_confirm(self):
         """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a confirmation page before redirecting a
         user to the redirect URL.
@@ -370,3 +379,30 @@ def _test_redirect(self, redirect_url):
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302)
         location_headers = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")
         self.assertEqual(location_headers[0][: len(redirect_url)], redirect_url)
+
+    @override_config({"sso": {"client_whitelist": ["https://legit-site.com/"]}})
+    def test_deactivated_user(self):
+        """Logging in as a deactivated account should error."""
+        redirect_url = "https://legit-site.com/"
+
+        # First login (to create the user).
+        self._test_redirect(redirect_url)
+
+        # Deactivate the account.
+        self.get_success(
+            self.deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(self.user_id, False)
+        )
+
+        # Request the CAS ticket.
+        cas_ticket_url = (
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket?redirectUrl=%s&ticket=ticket"
+            % (urllib.parse.quote(redirect_url))
+        )
+
+        # Get Synapse to call the fake CAS and serve the template.
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", cas_ticket_url)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Because the user is deactivated they are served an error template.
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403)
+        self.assertIn(b"SSO account deactivated", channel.result["body"])
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index 873d5ef99cff..371637618d71 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import json
 import time
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 import attr
 
@@ -142,7 +143,34 @@ def send_event(
 
         return channel.json_body
 
-    def send_state(self, room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code=200, state_key=""):
+    def _read_write_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        body: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+        method: str = "GET",
+    ) -> Dict:
+        """Read or write some state from a given room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            body: Body that is sent when making the request. The content of the state event.
+                If None, the request to the server will have an empty body
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+            method: "GET" or "PUT" for reading or writing state, respectively
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
         path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s/%s" % (
             room_id,
             event_type,
@@ -151,9 +179,13 @@ def send_state(self, room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code=200, state_key=
         if tok:
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
-        request, channel = make_request(
-            self.hs.get_reactor(), "PUT", path, json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
-        )
+        # Set request body if provided
+        content = b""
+        if body is not None:
+            content = json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
+
+        request, channel = make_request(self.hs.get_reactor(), method, path, content)
+
         render(request, self.resource, self.hs.get_reactor())
 
         assert int(channel.result["code"]) == expect_code, (
@@ -163,6 +195,62 @@ def send_state(self, room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code=200, state_key=
 
         return channel.json_body
 
+    def get_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+    ):
+        """Gets some state from a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        return self._read_write_state(
+            room_id, event_type, None, tok, expect_code, state_key, method="GET"
+        )
+
+    def send_state(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        event_type: str,
+        body: Dict[str, Any],
+        tok: str,
+        expect_code: int = 200,
+        state_key: str = "",
+    ):
+        """Set some state in a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id:
+            event_type: The type of state event
+            body: Body that is sent when making the request. The content of the state event.
+            tok: The access token to use
+            expect_code: The HTTP code to expect in the response
+            state_key:
+
+        Returns:
+            The response body from the server
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: if expect_code doesn't match the HTTP code we received
+        """
+        return self._read_write_state(
+            room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code, state_key, method="PUT"
+        )
+
     def upload_media(
         self,
         resource: Resource,
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
index 45a9d445f823..0d6936fd36e2 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
@@ -179,6 +179,22 @@ def test_no_valid_token(self):
         # Assert we can't log in with the new password
         self.attempt_wrong_password_login("kermit", new_password)
 
+    @unittest.override_config({"request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors": True})
+    def test_password_reset_bad_email_inhibit_error(self):
+        """Test that triggering a password reset with an email address that isn't bound
+        to an account doesn't leak the lack of binding for that address if configured
+        that way.
+        """
+        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")
+        self.login("kermit", "monkey")
+
+        email = "test@example.com"
+
+        client_secret = "foobar"
+        session_id = self._request_token(email, client_secret)
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(session_id)
+
     def _request_token(self, email, client_secret):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index b6ed06e02ded..a68a96f61861 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -33,7 +33,11 @@
 
 class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
-    servlets = [register.register_servlets]
+    servlets = [
+        login.register_servlets,
+        register.register_servlets,
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
+    ]
     url = b"/_matrix/client/r0/register"
 
     def default_config(self):
@@ -260,6 +264,47 @@ def test_advertised_flows_no_msisdn_email_required(self):
             [["m.login.email.identity"]], (f["stages"] for f in flows)
         )
 
+    @unittest.override_config(
+        {
+            "request_token_inhibit_3pid_errors": True,
+            "public_baseurl": "https://test_server",
+            "email": {
+                "smtp_host": "mail_server",
+                "smtp_port": 2525,
+                "notif_from": "sender@host",
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    def test_request_token_existing_email_inhibit_error(self):
+        """Test that requesting a token via this endpoint doesn't leak existing
+        associations if configured that way.
+        """
+        user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")
+        self.login("kermit", "monkey")
+
+        email = "test@example.com"
+
+        # Add a threepid
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().user_add_threepid(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                medium="email",
+                address=email,
+                validated_at=0,
+                added_at=0,
+            )
+        )
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "POST",
+            b"register/email/requestToken",
+            {"client_secret": "foobar", "email": email, "send_attempt": 1},
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(channel.json_body.get("sid"))
+
 
 class AccountValidityTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
index 852b8ab11ccd..2826211f3213 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
@@ -74,6 +74,12 @@ def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         )
         config["url_preview_ip_range_whitelist"] = ("1.1.1.1",)
         config["url_preview_url_blacklist"] = []
+        config["url_preview_accept_language"] = [
+            "en-UK",
+            "en-US;q=0.9",
+            "fr;q=0.8",
+            "*;q=0.7",
+        ]
 
         self.storage_path = self.mktemp()
         self.media_store_path = self.mktemp()
@@ -507,3 +513,52 @@ def test_OPTIONS(self):
         self.pump()
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body, {})
+
+    def test_accept_language_config_option(self):
+        """
+        Accept-Language header is sent to the remote server
+        """
+        self.lookups["example.com"] = [(IPv4Address, "8.8.8.8")]
+
+        # Build and make a request to the server
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "url_preview?url=http://example.com", shorthand=False
+        )
+        request.render(self.preview_url)
+        self.pump()
+
+        # Extract Synapse's tcp client
+        client = self.reactor.tcpClients[0][2].buildProtocol(None)
+
+        # Build a fake remote server to reply with
+        server = AccumulatingProtocol()
+
+        # Connect the two together
+        server.makeConnection(FakeTransport(client, self.reactor))
+        client.makeConnection(FakeTransport(server, self.reactor))
+
+        # Tell Synapse that it has received some data from the remote server
+        client.dataReceived(
+            b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n"
+            % (len(self.end_content),)
+            + self.end_content
+        )
+
+        # Move the reactor along until we get a response on our original channel
+        self.pump()
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body, {"og:title": "~matrix~", "og:description": "hi"}
+        )
+
+        # Check that the server received the Accept-Language header as part
+        # of the request from Synapse
+        self.assertIn(
+            (
+                b"Accept-Language: en-UK\r\n"
+                b"Accept-Language: en-US;q=0.9\r\n"
+                b"Accept-Language: fr;q=0.8\r\n"
+                b"Accept-Language: *;q=0.7"
+            ),
+            server.data,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 0d27b92a86bb..93eb053b8c05 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, LimitBlockingTypes, ServerNoticeMsgType
 from synapse.api.errors import ResourceLimitError
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import sync
 from synapse.server_notices.resource_limits_server_notices import (
     ResourceLimitsServerNotices,
 )
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         # self.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url = None
         # self.server_notices_room_name = "Server Notices"
 
-        self._rlsn._server_notices_manager.get_notice_room_for_user = Mock(
+        self._rlsn._server_notices_manager.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user = Mock(
             returnValue=""
         )
         self._rlsn._store.add_tag_to_room = Mock()
@@ -215,6 +218,26 @@ def test_maybe_send_server_notice_when_alerting_suppressed_room_blocked(self):
 
 
 class TestResourceLimitsServerNoticesWithRealRooms(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        sync.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def default_config(self):
+        c = super().default_config()
+        c["server_notices"] = {
+            "system_mxid_localpart": "server",
+            "system_mxid_display_name": None,
+            "system_mxid_avatar_url": None,
+            "room_name": "Test Server Notice Room",
+        }
+        c["limit_usage_by_mau"] = True
+        c["max_mau_value"] = 5
+        c["admin_contact"] = "mailto:user@test.com"
+        return c
+
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.server_notices_sender = self.hs.get_server_notices_sender()
@@ -228,18 +251,8 @@ def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
         if not isinstance(self._rlsn, ResourceLimitsServerNotices):
             raise Exception("Failed to find reference to ResourceLimitsServerNotices")
 
-        self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
-        self.hs.config.hs_disabled = False
-        self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 5
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid = "@server:test"
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid_display_name = None
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url = None
-        self.hs.config.server_notices_room_name = "Test Server Notice Room"
-
         self.user_id = "@user_id:test"
 
-        self.hs.config.admin_contact = "mailto:user@test.com"
-
     def test_server_notice_only_sent_once(self):
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(return_value=1000)
 
@@ -253,7 +266,7 @@ def test_server_notice_only_sent_once(self):
         # Now lets get the last load of messages in the service notice room and
         # check that there is only one server notice
         room_id = self.get_success(
-            self.server_notices_manager.get_notice_room_for_user(self.user_id)
+            self.server_notices_manager.get_or_create_notice_room_for_user(self.user_id)
         )
 
         token = self.get_success(self.event_source.get_current_token())
@@ -273,3 +286,86 @@ def test_server_notice_only_sent_once(self):
             count += 1
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+
+    def test_no_invite_without_notice(self):
+        """Tests that a user doesn't get invited to a server notices room without a
+        server notice being sent.
+
+        The scenario for this test is a single user on a server where the MAU limit
+        hasn't been reached (since it's the only user and the limit is 5), so users
+        shouldn't receive a server notice.
+        """
+        self.register_user("user", "password")
+        tok = self.login("user", "password")
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", "/sync?timeout=0", access_token=tok)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        invites = channel.json_body["rooms"]["invite"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(invites), 0, invites)
+
+    def test_invite_with_notice(self):
+        """Tests that, if the MAU limit is hit, the server notices user invites each user
+        to a room in which it has sent a notice.
+        """
+        user_id, tok, room_id = self._trigger_notice_and_join()
+
+        # Sync again to retrieve the events in the room, so we can check whether this
+        # room has a notice in it.
+        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", "/sync?timeout=0", access_token=tok)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        # Scan the events in the room to search for a message from the server notices
+        # user.
+        events = channel.json_body["rooms"]["join"][room_id]["timeline"]["events"]
+        notice_in_room = False
+        for event in events:
+            if (
+                event["type"] == EventTypes.Message
+                and event["sender"] == self.hs.config.server_notices_mxid
+            ):
+                notice_in_room = True
+
+        self.assertTrue(notice_in_room, "No server notice in room")
+
+    def _trigger_notice_and_join(self):
+        """Creates enough active users to hit the MAU limit and trigger a system notice
+        about it, then joins the system notices room with one of the users created.
+
+        Returns:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user that joined the room.
+            tok (str): The access token of the user that joined the room.
+            room_id (str): The ID of the room that's been joined.
+        """
+        user_id = None
+        tok = None
+        invites = []
+
+        # Register as many users as the MAU limit allows.
+        for i in range(self.hs.config.max_mau_value):
+            localpart = "user%d" % i
+            user_id = self.register_user(localpart, "password")
+            tok = self.login(localpart, "password")
+
+            # Sync with the user's token to mark the user as active.
+            request, channel = self.make_request(
+                "GET", "/sync?timeout=0", access_token=tok,
+            )
+            self.render(request)
+
+            # Also retrieves the list of invites for this user. We don't care about that
+            # one except if we're processing the last user, which should have received an
+            # invite to a room with a server notice about the MAU limit being reached.
+            # We could also pick another user and sync with it, which would return an
+            # invite to a system notices room, but it doesn't matter which user we're
+            # using so we use the last one because it saves us an extra sync.
+            invites = channel.json_body["rooms"]["invite"]
+
+        # Make sure we have an invite to process.
+        self.assertEqual(len(invites), 1, invites)
+
+        # Join the room.
+        room_id = list(invites.keys())[0]
+        self.helper.join(room=room_id, user=user_id, tok=tok)
+
+        return user_id, tok, room_id
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_database.py b/tests/storage/test_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a77c84962d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/storage/test_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.storage.database import make_tuple_comparison_clause
+from synapse.storage.engines import BaseDatabaseEngine
+
+from tests import unittest
+
+
+def _stub_db_engine(**kwargs) -> BaseDatabaseEngine:
+    # returns a DatabaseEngine, circumventing the abc mechanism
+    # any kwargs are set as attributes on the class before instantiating it
+    t = type(
+        "TestBaseDatabaseEngine",
+        (BaseDatabaseEngine,),
+        dict(BaseDatabaseEngine.__dict__),
+    )
+    # defeat the abc mechanism
+    t.__abstractmethods__ = set()
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+        setattr(t, k, v)
+    return t(None, None)
+
+
+class TupleComparisonClauseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_native_tuple_comparison(self):
+        db_engine = _stub_db_engine(supports_tuple_comparison=True)
+        clause, args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(db_engine, [("a", 1), ("b", 2)])
+        self.assertEqual(clause, "(a,b) > (?,?)")
+        self.assertEqual(args, [1, 2])
+
+    def test_emulated_tuple_comparison(self):
+        db_engine = _stub_db_engine(supports_tuple_comparison=False)
+        clause, args = make_tuple_comparison_clause(
+            db_engine, [("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("c", 3)]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            clause, "(a >= ? AND (a > ? OR (b >= ? AND (b > ? OR c > ?))))"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(args, [1, 1, 2, 2, 3])
diff --git a/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py b/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
index 0911687f2ba2..13b753e367fa 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
@@ -26,25 +26,33 @@ def test_has_entity_changed(self):
         cache.entity_has_changed("user@foo.com", 6)
         cache.entity_has_changed("bar@baz.net", 7)
 
+        # also test multiple things changing on the same stream ID
+        cache.entity_has_changed("user2@foo.com", 8)
+        cache.entity_has_changed("bar2@baz.net", 8)
+
         # If it's been changed after that stream position, return True
         self.assertTrue(cache.has_entity_changed("user@foo.com", 4))
         self.assertTrue(cache.has_entity_changed("bar@baz.net", 4))
+        self.assertTrue(cache.has_entity_changed("bar2@baz.net", 4))
+        self.assertTrue(cache.has_entity_changed("user2@foo.com", 4))
 
         # If it's been changed at that stream position, return False
         self.assertFalse(cache.has_entity_changed("user@foo.com", 6))
+        self.assertFalse(cache.has_entity_changed("user2@foo.com", 8))
 
         # If there's no changes after that stream position, return False
         self.assertFalse(cache.has_entity_changed("user@foo.com", 7))
+        self.assertFalse(cache.has_entity_changed("user2@foo.com", 9))
 
         # If the entity does not exist, return False.
-        self.assertFalse(cache.has_entity_changed("not@here.website", 7))
+        self.assertFalse(cache.has_entity_changed("not@here.website", 9))
 
         # If we request before the stream cache's earliest known position,
         # return True, whether it's a known entity or not.
         self.assertTrue(cache.has_entity_changed("user@foo.com", 0))
         self.assertTrue(cache.has_entity_changed("not@here.website", 0))
 
-    def test_has_entity_changed_pops_off_start(self):
+    def test_entity_has_changed_pops_off_start(self):
         """
         StreamChangeCache.entity_has_changed will respect the max size and
         purge the oldest items upon reaching that max size.
@@ -61,11 +69,20 @@ def test_has_entity_changed_pops_off_start(self):
         # The oldest item has been popped off
         self.assertTrue("user@foo.com" not in cache._entity_to_key)
 
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cache.get_all_entities_changed(2), ["bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"],
+        )
+        self.assertIsNone(cache.get_all_entities_changed(1))
+
         # If we update an existing entity, it keeps the two existing entities
         cache.entity_has_changed("bar@baz.net", 5)
         self.assertEqual(
             {"bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"}, set(cache._entity_to_key)
         )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cache.get_all_entities_changed(2), ["user@elsewhere.org", "bar@baz.net"],
+        )
+        self.assertIsNone(cache.get_all_entities_changed(1))
 
     def test_get_all_entities_changed(self):
         """
@@ -77,18 +94,52 @@ def test_get_all_entities_changed(self):
 
         cache.entity_has_changed("user@foo.com", 2)
         cache.entity_has_changed("bar@baz.net", 3)
+        cache.entity_has_changed("anotheruser@foo.com", 3)
         cache.entity_has_changed("user@elsewhere.org", 4)
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            cache.get_all_entities_changed(1),
-            ["user@foo.com", "bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"],
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            cache.get_all_entities_changed(2), ["bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"]
-        )
+        r = cache.get_all_entities_changed(1)
+
+        # either of these are valid
+        ok1 = [
+            "user@foo.com",
+            "bar@baz.net",
+            "anotheruser@foo.com",
+            "user@elsewhere.org",
+        ]
+        ok2 = [
+            "user@foo.com",
+            "anotheruser@foo.com",
+            "bar@baz.net",
+            "user@elsewhere.org",
+        ]
+        self.assertTrue(r == ok1 or r == ok2)
+
+        r = cache.get_all_entities_changed(2)
+        self.assertTrue(r == ok1[1:] or r == ok2[1:])
+
         self.assertEqual(cache.get_all_entities_changed(3), ["user@elsewhere.org"])
         self.assertEqual(cache.get_all_entities_changed(0), None)
 
+        # ... later, things gest more updates
+        cache.entity_has_changed("user@foo.com", 5)
+        cache.entity_has_changed("bar@baz.net", 5)
+        cache.entity_has_changed("anotheruser@foo.com", 6)
+
+        ok1 = [
+            "user@elsewhere.org",
+            "user@foo.com",
+            "bar@baz.net",
+            "anotheruser@foo.com",
+        ]
+        ok2 = [
+            "user@elsewhere.org",
+            "bar@baz.net",
+            "user@foo.com",
+            "anotheruser@foo.com",
+        ]
+        r = cache.get_all_entities_changed(3)
+        self.assertTrue(r == ok1 or r == ok2)
+
     def test_has_any_entity_changed(self):
         """
         StreamChangeCache.has_any_entity_changed will return True if any
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 13133f85165a..af45208af535 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -333,10 +333,15 @@ def cleanup():
     # Need to let the HS build an auth handler and then mess with it
     # because AuthHandler's constructor requires the HS, so we can't make one
     # beforehand and pass it in to the HS's constructor (chicken / egg)
-    hs.get_auth_handler().hash = lambda p: hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest()
-    hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = (
-        lambda p, h: hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest() == h
-    )
+    async def hash(p):
+        return hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest()
+
+    hs.get_auth_handler().hash = hash
+
+    async def validate_hash(p, h):
+        return hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest() == h
+
+    hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = validate_hash
 
     fed = kargs.get("resource_for_federation", None)
     if fed:
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index a79fc93b57e2..31011d7436f5 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ commands = mypy \
             synapse/events/spamcheck.py \
             synapse/federation/federation_base.py \
             synapse/federation/federation_client.py \
+            synapse/federation/federation_server.py \
             synapse/federation/sender \
             synapse/federation/transport \
             synapse/handlers/auth.py \
@@ -195,12 +196,15 @@ commands = mypy \
             synapse/metrics \
             synapse/module_api \
             synapse/push/pusherpool.py \
+            synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py \
             synapse/replication \
             synapse/rest \
             synapse/spam_checker_api \
             synapse/storage/engines \
             synapse/storage/database.py \
-            synapse/streams
+            synapse/streams \
+            synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py \
+            tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
 
 # To find all folders that pass mypy you run:
 #