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13-smoke-test.md

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Smoke Test

In this lab you will complete a series of tasks to ensure your Kubernetes cluster is functioning correctly.

Data Encryption

In this section you will verify the ability to encrypt secret data at rest.

Create a generic secret:

kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-the-hard-way --from-literal="mykey=mydata"

Print a hexdump of the kubernetes-the-hard-way secret stored in etcd:

external_ip=$(doctl compute droplet list controller-0 \
  --output json | jq -cr '.[].networks.v4 | .[] | select(.type == "public") | .ip_address')

ssh -i kubernetes.ed25519 root@${external_ip}

Run below command in controller-0

sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get \
  --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
  --cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
  --cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
  --key=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem\
  /registry/secrets/default/kubernetes-the-hard-way | hexdump -C

output

00000000  2f 72 65 67 69 73 74 72  79 2f 73 65 63 72 65 74  |/registry/secret|
00000010  73 2f 64 65 66 61 75 6c  74 2f 6b 75 62 65 72 6e  |s/default/kubern|
00000020  65 74 65 73 2d 74 68 65  2d 68 61 72 64 2d 77 61  |etes-the-hard-wa|
00000030  79 0a 6b 38 73 3a 65 6e  63 3a 61 65 73 63 62 63  |y.k8s:enc:aescbc|
00000040  3a 76 31 3a 6b 65 79 31  3a 7b 8e 59 78 0f 59 09  |:v1:key1:{.Yx.Y.|
00000050  e2 6a ce cd f4 b6 4e ec  bc 91 aa 87 06 29 39 8d  |.j....N......)9.|
00000060  70 e8 5d c4 b1 66 69 49  60 8f c0 cc 55 d3 69 2b  |p.]..fiI`...U.i+|
00000070  49 bb 0e 7b 90 10 b0 85  5b b1 e2 c6 33 b6 b7 31  |I..{....[...3..1|
00000080  25 99 a1 60 8f 40 a9 e5  55 8c 0f 26 ae 76 dc 5b  |%..`[email protected]..&.v.[|
00000090  78 35 f5 3e c1 1e bc 21  bb 30 e2 0c e3 80 1e 33  |x5.>...!.0.....3|
000000a0  90 79 46 6d 23 d8 f9 a2  d7 5d ed 4d 82 2e 9a 5e  |.yFm#....].M...^|
000000b0  5d b6 3c 34 37 51 4b 83  de 99 1a ea 0f 2f 7c 9b  |].<47QK....../|.|
000000c0  46 15 93 aa ba 72 ba b9  bd e1 a3 c0 45 90 b1 de  |F....r......E...|
000000d0  c4 2e c8 d0 94 ec 25 69  7b af 08 34 93 12 3d 1c  |......%i{..4..=.|
000000e0  fd 23 9b ba e8 d1 25 56  f4 0a                    |.#....%V..|
000000ea

The etcd key should be prefixed with k8s:enc:aescbc:v1:key1, which indicates the aescbc provider was used to encrypt the data with the key1 encryption key.

Deployments - To be run on local laptop

In this section you will verify the ability to create and manage Deployments.

Create a deployment for the nginx web server:

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

List the pod created by the nginx deployment:

kubectl get pods -l app=nginx

output

NAME                     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-65899c769f-xkfcn   1/1       Running   0          15s

Port Forwarding

In this section you will verify the ability to access applications remotely using port forwarding.

Retrieve the full name of the nginx pod:

POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")

Forward port 8080 on your local machine to port 80 of the nginx pod:

kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80

output

Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80
Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80

In a new terminal make an HTTP request using the forwarding address:

curl --head http://127.0.0.1:8080

output

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.21.0
Date: Sat, 14 Sep 2019 13:54:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 08:50:00 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d5279b8-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

Switch back to the previous terminal and stop the port forwarding to the nginx pod:

Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80
Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80
Handling connection for 8080
^C

Logs

In this section you will verify the ability to retrieve container logs.

Print the nginx pod logs:

kubectl logs $POD_NAME

output

127.0.0.1 - - [14/May/2018:13:59:21 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.52.1" "-"

Exec

In this section you will verify the ability to execute commands in a container.

Print the nginx version by executing the nginx -v command in the nginx container:

kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- nginx -v

output

nginx version: nginx/1.21.0

Services

In this section you will verify the ability to expose applications using a Service.

Expose the nginx deployment using a NodePort service:

kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort

The LoadBalancer service type can not be used because your cluster is not configured with cloud provider integration. Setting up cloud provider integration is out of scope for this tutorial.

Retrieve the node port assigned to the nginx service:

NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get svc nginx \
  --output=jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[0]}{.nodePort}')

Create a firewall rule that allows remote access to the nginx node port:

FIREWALL_ID=$(doctl compute firewall list --output json | jq -cr '.[] | select(.name == "kubernetes-firewall") | .id')
doctl compute firewall add-rules ${FIREWALL_ID} \
  --inbound-rules protocol:tcp,ports:${NODE_PORT},address:0.0.0.0/0

Retrieve the external IP address of a worker instance:

INSTANCE_NAME=$(kubectl get pod $POD_NAME --output=jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}')

EXTERNAL_IP=$(doctl compute droplet list ${INSTANCE_NAME} \
  --output json | jq -cr '.[].networks.v4 | .[] | select(.type == "public") | .ip_address')

Make an HTTP request using the external IP address and the nginx node port:

curl -I http://${EXTERNAL_IP}:${NODE_PORT}

output

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.3
Date: Sat, 14 Sep 2019 13:54:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 08:50:00 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d5279b8-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

Check images/pods/containers on worker nodes using crictl

Log in to a worker node. You can do this on all 3 workers to see the resources on each of them:

external_ip=$(doctl compute droplet list worker-0 \
  --output json | jq -cr '.[].networks.v4 | .[] | select(.type == "public") | .ip_address')

ssh -i kubernetes.ed25519 root@${external_ip}

Run the following commands and check output

sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock images

Output

IMAGE                       TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
docker.io/coredns/coredns   1.6.3               c4d3d16fe508b       14.2MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause            3.1                 da86e6ba6ca19       317kB
sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock pods

Output

POD ID              CREATED             STATE               NAME                       NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
82f30f3c08d6f       2 minutes ago       Ready               coredns-7cb4c7458d-vtrhp   kube-system         0
sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock ps

Output

CONTAINER           IMAGE               CREATED             STATE               NAME                ATTEMPT             POD ID
162ff0e76d2d1       c4d3d16fe508b       2 minutes ago       Running             coredns             0                   82f30f3c08d6f

Next: Cleaning Up