refactor: upstream Azure managed instance cache refactor for 1.28

[comtalyst]

What type of PR is this?

/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:

"Refactor" as a part of fork-upstream (managed-selfhosted) realignment. Should not have any breaking changes.
This codebases realignment will simplify the logistics between the two, cutting a significant portion of maintenance cost.
This PR specifically focus on instance caching.

There will be a separate effort focusing on improve code quality, rather than realigning codebase.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Most changes are merely refactor. Also include small fixes to refresh instance cache in more cases that should be required. Also include support for currently managed-exclusive flags (e.g., EnableDetailedCSEMessage).

There are similar PRs out on master and other version release branches as well. Should be near identical.

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

- Azure: fix some cases where instance cache is outdated but not getting refreshes

Additional documentation e.g., KEPs (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposals), usage docs, etc.:

[k8s-ci-robot]

Hi @comtalyst. Thanks for your PR.

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[Bryce-Soghigian]

Testing approval

[Bryce-Soghigian]

/approve

[tallaxes]

@Bryce-Soghigian, @comtalyst Looks like OWNERS is branch-specific, so need to propagate the change to all active branches

[Bryce-Soghigian]

/approve
/lgtm

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Bryce-Soghigian, comtalyst

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• cluster-autoscaler/cloudprovider/azure/OWNERS [Bryce-Soghigian]

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