diff --git a/lib/djv.js b/lib/djv.js
index ac7b68f..e2a5687 100644
--- a/lib/djv.js
+++ b/lib/djv.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const { head } = require('./utils');
+const { head } = require('./utils/uri');
 const { restore } = require('./utils/template');
 const formats = require('./utils/formats');
 const { generate, State } = require('./utils/state');
diff --git a/lib/utils/environment.js b/lib/utils/environment.js
index 11dc6c0..f382aa0 100644
--- a/lib/utils/environment.js
+++ b/lib/utils/environment.js
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ const properties = require('./properties');
 const keywords = require('./keywords');
 const validators = require('../validators');
 const formats = require('./formats');
-const { keys } = require('./');
+const { keys } = require('./uri');
+const { transformation } = require('./schema');
 
 const contains = require('../validators/contains');
 const constant = require('../validators/const');
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ const propertyNames = require('../validators/propertyNames');
 
 const environmentConfig = {
   // TODO remove side effects
-  // TODO make draft-06 default
   'draft-06': () => {
     Object.assign(properties, {
       exclusiveMinimum(schema) {
@@ -66,7 +66,14 @@ const environmentConfig = {
       'uri-template': '!/^(?:(?:[^\\x00-\\x20"\'<>%\\\\^`{|}]|%[0-9a-f]{2})|\\{[+#.\\/;?&=,!@|]?(?:[a-z0-9_]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+(?:\\:[1-9][0-9]{0,3}|\\*)?(?:,(?:[a-z0-9_]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+(?:\\:[1-9][0-9]{0,3}|\\*)?)*\\})*$/i.test(%s)',
     });
 
-    keys.id = '$id';
+    Object.assign(keys, {
+      id: '$id',
+    });
+
+    Object.assign(transformation, {
+      ANY_SCHEMA: {},
+      NOT_ANY_SCHEMA: { not: {} },
+    });
   },
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/utils/index.js b/lib/utils/index.js
index dca4706..0cc077f 100644
--- a/lib/utils/index.js
+++ b/lib/utils/index.js
@@ -1,119 +1,37 @@
 /**
  * @module utils
  * @description
- * Contains small utilities for djv project
+ * Basic utilities for djv project
  */
 
-const REGEXP_URI = /:\/\//;
-const REGEXP_URI_FRAGMENT = /#\/?/;
-const REGEXP_URI_PATH = /(^[^:]+:\/\/[^?#]*\/).*/;
-
-// TODO move to environment
-const ANY_SCHEMA = {};
-const NOT_ANY_SCHEMA = { not: {} };
-
-function asExpression(fn, schema, tpl) {
-  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
-    return fn;
-  }
-
-  return fn(schema, tpl);
-}
-
 /**
- * @name head
+ * @name asExpression
  * @type {function}
  * @description
- * Clean an id from its fragment
- * @example
- * head('http://domain.domain:2020/test/a#test')
- * // returns 'http://domain.domain:2020/test/a'
- * @param {string} id
- * @returns {string} cleaned
+ * Transform function or string to expression
+ * @see validators
+ * @param {function/string} fn
+ * @param {object} schema
+ * @param {object} tpl templater instance
+ * @returns {string} expression
  */
-function head(uri) {
-  if (typeof uri !== 'string') {
-    return uri;
+function asExpression(fn, schema, tpl) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    return fn;
   }
 
-  const parts = uri.split(REGEXP_URI_FRAGMENT);
-  return parts[0];
-}
-
-function isFullUri(uri) {
-  return REGEXP_URI.test(uri);
+  return fn(schema, tpl);
 }
 
 /**
- * @name path
+ * @name hasProperty
  * @type {function}
  * @description
- * Gets a scheme, domain and a path part from the uri
- * @example
- * path('http://domain.domain:2020/test/a?test')
- * // returns 'http://domain.domain:2020/test/'
- * @param {string} uri
- * @returns {string} path
+ * Check if the property exists in a given object
+ * @param {object} object
+ * @param {string} property
+ * @returns {boolean} exists
  */
-function path(uri) {
-  return uri.replace(REGEXP_URI_PATH, '$1');
-}
-
-/**
- * @description
- * Get the fragment (#...) part of the uri
- * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
- * @param {string} uri
- * @returns {string} fragment
- */
-function fragment(uri) {
-  if (typeof uri !== 'string') {
-    return uri;
-  }
-
-  const parts = uri.split(REGEXP_URI_FRAGMENT);
-  return parts[1];
-}
-
-/**
- * @name makePath
- * @type function
- * @description
- * Concat parts into single uri
- * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
- * @param {array[string]} parts
- * @returns {string} uri
- */
-function makePath(parts) {
-  return parts
-    .filter(part => typeof part === 'string')
-    .reduce((uri, id) => {
-      // if id is full replace uri
-      if (!uri.length || isFullUri(id)) {
-        return id;
-      }
-      if (!id) {
-        return uri;
-      }
-
-      // if fragment found
-      if (id.indexOf('#') === 0) {
-        // should replace uri's sharp with id
-        const sharpUriIndex = uri.indexOf('#');
-        if (sharpUriIndex === -1) {
-          return uri + id;
-        }
-
-        return uri.slice(0, sharpUriIndex) + id;
-      }
-
-      // get path part of uri
-      // and replace the rest with id
-      const partialUri = path(uri) + id;
-      return partialUri + (partialUri.indexOf('#') === -1 ? '#' : '');
-    }, '');
-}
-
 function hasProperty(object, property) {
   return (
     typeof object === 'object' &&
@@ -121,99 +39,7 @@ function hasProperty(object, property) {
   );
 }
 
-/**
- * @name isSchema
- * @type {function}
- * @description
- * Verify the object could be a schema
- * Since draft-06 supports boolean as a schema definition
- * @param {object} schema
- * @returns {boolean} isSchema
- */
-function isSchema(schema) {
-  return (
-    typeof schema === 'object' ||
-    typeof schema === 'boolean'
-  );
-}
-
-/**
- * @name transformSchema
- * @type {function}
- * @description
- * Transform a schema pseudo presentation
- * Since draft-06 supports boolean as a schema definition
- * @param {object} schema
- * @returns {object} schema
- */
-function transformSchema(schema) {
-  if (schema === true) {
-    return ANY_SCHEMA;
-  } else if (schema === false) {
-    return NOT_ANY_SCHEMA;
-  }
-  return schema;
-}
-
-function normalize(uri) {
-  return decodeURIComponent(uri.replace(/~1/g, '/').replace(/~0/g, '~'));
-}
-
-/**
- * @name makeSchema
- * @type {function}
- * @description
- * Generate a simple schema by a given object
- * @param {any} instance
- * @returns {object} schema
- */
-function makeSchema(instance) {
-  if (typeof instance !== 'object' || instance === null) {
-    return { enum: [instance] };
-  }
-
-  if (Array.isArray(instance)) {
-    return {
-      items: instance.map(makeSchema),
-        // other items should be valid by `false` schema, aka not exist at all
-      additionalItems: false
-    };
-  }
-
-  const required = Object.keys(instance);
-  return {
-    properties: required.reduce((memo, key) => (
-      Object.assign({}, memo, {
-        [key]: makeSchema(instance[key])
-      })
-    ), {}),
-    required,
-    // other properties should be valid by `false` schema, aka not exist at all
-    // additionalProperties: false,
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @name keys
- * @type {object}
- * @description
- * Keys to access schema attributes
- */
-const keys = {
-  id: 'id',
-};
-
 module.exports = {
   asExpression,
   hasProperty,
-  isSchema,
-  transformSchema,
-  makeSchema,
-  // TODO move to utils/uri
-  makePath,
-  isFullUri,
-  head,
-  fragment,
-  normalize,
-  keys,
 };
diff --git a/lib/utils/schema.js b/lib/utils/schema.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad8a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/utils/schema.js
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * @module schema
+ * @description
+ * Low-level utilities to check, create and transform schemas
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @name transformation
+ * @type {object}
+ * @description
+ * Schema values transformation
+ */
+const transformation = {
+  ANY_SCHEMA: true,
+  NOT_ANY_SCHEMA: false,
+};
+
+/**
+ * @name is
+ * @type {function}
+ * @description
+ * Verify the object could be a schema
+ * Since draft-06 supports boolean as a schema definition
+ * @param {object} schema
+ * @returns {boolean} isSchema
+ */
+function is(schema) {
+  return (
+    typeof schema === 'object' ||
+    typeof schema === 'boolean'
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name transform
+ * @type {function}
+ * @description
+ * Transform a schema pseudo presentation
+ * Since draft-06 supports boolean as a schema definition
+ * @param {object} schema
+ * @returns {object} schema
+ */
+function transform(schema) {
+  if (schema === true) {
+    return transformation.ANY_SCHEMA;
+  } else if (schema === false) {
+    return transformation.NOT_ANY_SCHEMA;
+  }
+  return schema;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name make
+ * @type {function}
+ * @description
+ * Generate a simple schema by a given object
+ * @param {any} instance
+ * @returns {object} schema
+ */
+function make(instance) {
+  if (typeof instance !== 'object' || instance === null) {
+    return { enum: [instance] };
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(instance)) {
+    return {
+      items: instance.map(make),
+        // other items should be valid by `false` schema, aka not exist at all
+      additionalItems: false
+    };
+  }
+
+  const required = Object.keys(instance);
+  return {
+    properties: required.reduce((memo, key) => (
+      Object.assign({}, memo, {
+        [key]: make(instance[key])
+      })
+    ), {}),
+    required,
+    // other properties should be valid by `false` schema, aka not exist at all
+    // additionalProperties: false,
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  is,
+  make,
+  transform,
+  transformation,
+};
diff --git a/lib/utils/state.js b/lib/utils/state.js
index be4d85c..afc2870 100644
--- a/lib/utils/state.js
+++ b/lib/utils/state.js
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 const { list: validators } = require('../validators');
 const { body, restore, template } = require('./template');
+const { hasProperty } = require('./');
 const {
   normalize,
   makePath,
   head,
   isFullUri,
-  hasProperty,
   fragment,
-  transformSchema,
   keys,
-  isSchema,
-} = require('./');
+} = require('./uri');
+const {
+  is: isSchema,
+  transform: transformSchema,
+} = require('./schema');
 
 function State(schema = {}, env) {
   Object.assign(this, {
diff --git a/lib/utils/uri.js b/lib/utils/uri.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12b8667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/utils/uri.js
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/**
+ * @module utils
+ * @description
+ * Utilities to check and normalize uri
+ */
+const REGEXP_URI = /:\/\//;
+const REGEXP_URI_FRAGMENT = /#\/?/;
+const REGEXP_URI_PATH = /(^[^:]+:\/\/[^?#]*\/).*/;
+
+/**
+ * @name keys
+ * @type {object}
+ * @description
+ * Keys to apply schema attributes & values
+ */
+const keys = {
+  id: 'id',
+};
+
+/**
+ * @name head
+ * @type {function}
+ * @description
+ * Clean an id from its fragment
+ * @example
+ * head('http://domain.domain:2020/test/a#test')
+ * // returns 'http://domain.domain:2020/test/a'
+ * @param {string} id
+ * @returns {string} cleaned
+ */
+function head(uri) {
+  if (typeof uri !== 'string') {
+    return uri;
+  }
+
+  const parts = uri.split(REGEXP_URI_FRAGMENT);
+  return parts[0];
+}
+
+function isFullUri(uri) {
+  return REGEXP_URI.test(uri);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name path
+ * @type {function}
+ * @description
+ * Gets a scheme, domain and a path part from the uri
+ * @example
+ * path('http://domain.domain:2020/test/a?test')
+ * // returns 'http://domain.domain:2020/test/'
+ * @param {string} uri
+ * @returns {string} path
+ */
+function path(uri) {
+  return uri.replace(REGEXP_URI_PATH, '$1');
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Get the fragment (#...) part of the uri
+ * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
+ * @param {string} uri
+ * @returns {string} fragment
+ */
+function fragment(uri) {
+  if (typeof uri !== 'string') {
+    return uri;
+  }
+
+  const parts = uri.split(REGEXP_URI_FRAGMENT);
+  return parts[1];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name makePath
+ * @type function
+ * @description
+ * Concat parts into single uri
+ * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
+ * @param {array[string]} parts
+ * @returns {string} uri
+ */
+function makePath(parts) {
+  return parts
+    .filter(part => typeof part === 'string')
+    .reduce((uri, id) => {
+      // if id is full replace uri
+      if (!uri.length || isFullUri(id)) {
+        return id;
+      }
+      if (!id) {
+        return uri;
+      }
+
+      // if fragment found
+      if (id.indexOf('#') === 0) {
+        // should replace uri's sharp with id
+        const sharpUriIndex = uri.indexOf('#');
+        if (sharpUriIndex === -1) {
+          return uri + id;
+        }
+
+        return uri.slice(0, sharpUriIndex) + id;
+      }
+
+      // get path part of uri
+      // and replace the rest with id
+      const partialUri = path(uri) + id;
+      return partialUri + (partialUri.indexOf('#') === -1 ? '#' : '');
+    }, '');
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name normalize
+ * @type {function}
+ * @description
+ * Replace json-pointer special symbols in a given uri.
+ * @param {string} uri
+ * @returns {string} normalizedUri
+ */
+function normalize(uri) {
+  return decodeURIComponent(uri.replace(/~1/g, '/').replace(/~0/g, '~'));
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  makePath,
+  isFullUri,
+  head,
+  fragment,
+  normalize,
+  keys,
+};
diff --git a/lib/validators/const.js b/lib/validators/const.js
index 5ccb943..b88ee52 100644
--- a/lib/validators/const.js
+++ b/lib/validators/const.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const { hasProperty, makeSchema } = require('../utils');
+const { hasProperty } = require('../utils');
+const { make: makeSchema } = require('../utils/schema');
 
 module.exports = function constant(schema, tpl) {
   if (!hasProperty(schema, 'const')) {
diff --git a/lib/validators/dependencies.js b/lib/validators/dependencies.js
index 5717ae0..6be670c 100644
--- a/lib/validators/dependencies.js
+++ b/lib/validators/dependencies.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const { hasProperty, isSchema } = require('../utils');
+const { hasProperty } = require('../utils');
+const { is: isSchema } = require('../utils/schema');
 
 module.exports = function dependencies(schema, tpl) {
   if (!hasProperty(schema, 'dependencies')) {
diff --git a/test/utils/uri.js b/test/utils/uri.js
index 203fcf3..8e8b6b0 100644
--- a/test/utils/uri.js
+++ b/test/utils/uri.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 const assert = require('assert');
-const { makePath } = require('../../lib/utils');
+const { makePath } = require('../../lib/utils/uri');
 
 describe('uri', () => {
   describe('makePath()', () => {