diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CSharpCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CSharpCompiler.scala
index 88060c2c4..b5d2e3de7 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CSharpCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CSharpCompiler.scala
@@ -274,15 +274,17 @@ class CSharpCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
 
   override def condIfFooter(expr: expr): Unit = fileFooter(null)
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     importList.add("System.Collections.Generic")
 
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new List<byte[]>();")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new List<byte[]>();")
-
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = new ${kaitaiType2NativeType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}();")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("{")
     out.inc
     out.puts("var i = 0;")
@@ -302,33 +304,18 @@ class CSharpCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    importList.add("System.Collections.Generic")
-
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new List<byte[]>((int) (${expression(repeatExpr)}));")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new List<byte[]>((int) (${expression(repeatExpr)}));")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = new ${kaitaiType2NativeType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}((int) (${expression(repeatExpr)}));")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for (var i = 0; i < ${expression(repeatExpr)}; i++)")
     out.puts("{")
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.Add($expr);")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
   override def condRepeatExprFooter: Unit = fileFooter(null)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    importList.add("System.Collections.Generic")
-
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new List<byte[]>();")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new List<byte[]>();")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = new ${kaitaiType2NativeType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}();")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("{")
     out.inc
     out.puts("var i = 0;")
@@ -347,7 +334,7 @@ class CSharpCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.Add($tempVar);")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts("i++;")
     out.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CppCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CppCompiler.scala
index e6361cff5..c62311146 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CppCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/CppCompiler.scala
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ class CppCompiler(
     outSrc.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     importListHdr.addSystem("vector")
 
     if (needRaw.level >= 1) {
@@ -632,6 +632,9 @@ class CppCompiler(
       outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = ${newVector(CalcBytesType)};")
     }
     outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = ${newVector(dataType)};")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     outSrc.puts("{")
     outSrc.inc
     outSrc.puts("int i = 0;")
@@ -651,54 +654,22 @@ class CppCompiler(
     outSrc.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    importListHdr.addSystem("vector")
-
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     val lenVar = s"l_${idToStr(id)}"
-    outSrc.puts(s"int $lenVar = ${expression(repeatExpr)};")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1) {
-      val rawId = privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))
-      outSrc.puts(s"$rawId = ${newVector(CalcBytesType)};")
-      outSrc.puts(s"$rawId->reserve($lenVar);")
-      if (needRaw.hasIO) {
-        val ioId = privateMemberName(IoStorageIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))
-        outSrc.puts(s"$ioId = ${newVector(OwnedKaitaiStreamType)};")
-        outSrc.puts(s"$ioId->reserve($lenVar);")
-      }
-    }
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2) {
-      val rawId = privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))
-      outSrc.puts(s"$rawId = ${newVector(CalcBytesType)};")
-      outSrc.puts(s"$rawId->reserve($lenVar);")
-    }
-    outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = ${newVector(dataType)};")
-    outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}->reserve($lenVar);")
+    outSrc.puts(s"const int $lenVar = ${expression(repeatExpr)};")
     outSrc.puts(s"for (int i = 0; i < $lenVar; i++) {")
     outSrc.inc
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}->push_back(${stdMoveWrap(expr)});")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
   override def condRepeatExprFooter: Unit = {
     outSrc.dec
     outSrc.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    importListHdr.addSystem("vector")
-
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1) {
-      outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = ${newVector(CalcBytesType)};")
-      if (needRaw.hasIO) {
-        outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(IoStorageIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = ${newVector(OwnedKaitaiStreamType)};")
-      }
-    }
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2) {
-      outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = ${newVector(CalcBytesType)};")
-    }
-    outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = ${newVector(dataType)};")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     outSrc.puts("{")
     outSrc.inc
     outSrc.puts("int i = 0;")
@@ -732,7 +703,7 @@ class CppCompiler(
     outSrc.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}->push_back($wrappedTempVar);")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     outSrc.puts("i++;")
     outSrc.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/GoCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/GoCompiler.scala
index eb40352eb..ad9514fb6 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/GoCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/GoCompiler.scala
@@ -293,12 +293,12 @@ class GoCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = make([][]byte, 0);")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = make([][]byte, 0);")
-    //out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = make(${kaitaiType2NativeType(ArrayType(dataType))})")
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+    // slices don't have to be manually initialized in Go: the built-in append()
+    // function works even on `nil` slices (https://go.dev/tour/moretypes/15)
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for i := 1;; i++ {")
     out.inc
 
@@ -318,27 +318,21 @@ class GoCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"$name = append($name, $expr)")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = make([][]byte, ${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = make([][]byte, ${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = make(${kaitaiType2NativeType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}, ${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    out.puts(s"for i := range ${privateMemberName(id)} {")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+    out.puts(s"for i := 0; i < int(${expression(repeatExpr)}); i++ {")
     out.inc
+    // FIXME: Go throws a fatal compile error when the `i` variable is not used (unused variables
+    // can only use the blank identifier `_`, see https://go.dev/doc/effective_go#blank), so we have
+    // to silence it like this. It would be nice to be able to analyze all expressions that appear
+    // in the loop body to decide whether to generate `for _ := range` or `for i := range` here, but
+    // that would be really difficult to do properly in KSC with the current architecture.
+    out.puts("_ = i")
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, r: TranslatorResult): Unit = {
-    val name = privateMemberName(id)
-    val expr = translator.resToStr(r)
-    out.puts(s"$name[i] = $expr")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, r: TranslatorResult): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, r)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = make([][]byte, 0);")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = make([][]byte, 0);")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for i := 1;; i++ {")
     out.inc
   }
@@ -350,7 +344,7 @@ class GoCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = append(${privateMemberName(id)}, $tempVar)")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts(s"if ${expression(untilExpr)} {")
     out.inc
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaCompiler.scala
index e200c52f0..75449b6f9 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaCompiler.scala
@@ -356,12 +356,15 @@ class JavaCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new ArrayList<byte[]>();")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new ArrayList<byte[]>();")
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = new ${kaitaiType2JavaType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}();")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("{")
     out.inc
     out.puts("int i = 0;")
@@ -383,28 +386,17 @@ class JavaCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new ArrayList<byte[]>(((Number) (${expression(repeatExpr)})).intValue());")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new ArrayList<byte[]>(((Number) (${expression(repeatExpr)})).intValue());")
-    out.puts(s"${idToStr(id)} = new ${kaitaiType2JavaType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}(((Number) (${expression(repeatExpr)})).intValue());")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for (int i = 0; i < ${expression(repeatExpr)}; i++) {")
     out.inc
 
     importList.add("java.util.ArrayList")
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.add($expr);")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new ArrayList<byte[]>();")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new ArrayList<byte[]>();")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = new ${kaitaiType2JavaType(ArrayTypeInStream(dataType))}();")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("{")
     out.inc
     out.puts(s"${kaitaiType2JavaType(dataType)} ${translator.doName("_")};")
@@ -425,7 +417,7 @@ class JavaCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.add($tempVar);")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts("i++;")
     out.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaScriptCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaScriptCompiler.scala
index dea900c08..1bfd6ccdd 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaScriptCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/JavaScriptCompiler.scala
@@ -291,12 +291,13 @@ class JavaScriptCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
+  // TODO: replace this with UniversalFooter
   override def condIfFooter(expr: expr): Unit = {
     out.dec
     out.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = [];")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
@@ -304,6 +305,9 @@ class JavaScriptCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = [];")
     if (config.readStoresPos)
       out.puts(s"this._debug.${idToStr(id)}.arr = [];")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("var i = 0;")
     out.puts(s"while (!$io.isEof()) {")
     out.inc
@@ -319,35 +323,20 @@ class JavaScriptCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = new Array(${expression(repeatExpr)});")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = new Array(${expression(repeatExpr)});")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = new Array(${expression(repeatExpr)});")
-    if (config.readStoresPos)
-      out.puts(s"this._debug.${idToStr(id)}.arr = new Array(${expression(repeatExpr)});")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for (var i = 0; i < ${expression(repeatExpr)}; i++) {")
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}[i] = $expr;")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
   override def condRepeatExprFooter: Unit = {
     out.dec
     out.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = []")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = [];")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = []")
-    if (config.readStoresPos)
-      out.puts(s"this._debug.${idToStr(id)}.arr = [];")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("var i = 0;")
     out.puts("do {")
     out.inc
@@ -359,7 +348,7 @@ class JavaScriptCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.push($tmpName);")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts("i++;")
     out.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/LuaCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/LuaCompiler.scala
index edefa442f..21047bc1b 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/LuaCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/LuaCompiler.scala
@@ -162,12 +162,15 @@ class LuaCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts("end")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = {}")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = {}")
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = {}")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("local i = 0")
     out.puts(s"while not $io:is_eof() do")
     out.inc
@@ -178,12 +181,7 @@ class LuaCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts("end")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = {}")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = {}")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = {}")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for i = 0, ${expression(repeatExpr)} - 1 do")
     out.inc
   }
@@ -192,17 +190,12 @@ class LuaCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts("end")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, datatype: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = {}")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = {}")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = {}")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("local i = 0")
     out.puts("while true do")
     out.inc
   }
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts(s"if ${expression(untilExpr)} then")
     out.inc
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/NimCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/NimCompiler.scala
index aaa253f57..50da6636a 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/NimCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/NimCompiler.scala
@@ -143,7 +143,13 @@ class NimCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     }
     universalFooter
   }
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+    // sequences don't have to be manually initialized in Nim - they're automatically initialized as
+    // empty sequences (see https://narimiran.github.io/nim-basics/#_result_variable)
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("block:")
     out.inc
     out.puts("var i: int")
@@ -155,18 +161,18 @@ class NimCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.dec
     out.dec
   }
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for i in 0 ..< int(${expression(repeatExpr)}):")
     out.inc
   }
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("block:")
     out.inc
     out.puts("var i: int")
     out.puts("while true:")
     out.inc
   }
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts(s"if ${expression(repeatExpr)}:")
     out.inc
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PHPCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PHPCompiler.scala
index 26086cebd..03e896db4 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PHPCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PHPCompiler.scala
@@ -267,12 +267,15 @@ class PHPCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = [];")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = [];")
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = [];")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("$i = 0;")
     out.puts(s"while (!$io->isEof()) {")
     out.inc
@@ -287,27 +290,16 @@ class PHPCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     super.condRepeatEosFooter
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = [];")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = [];")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = [];")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"$$n = ${expression(repeatExpr)};")
     out.puts("for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {")
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}[] = $expr;")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = [];")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = [];")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = [];")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("$i = 0;")
     out.puts("do {")
     out.inc
@@ -319,7 +311,7 @@ class PHPCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}[] = $tmpName;")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts("$i++;")
     out.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PerlCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PerlCompiler.scala
index 1e3258d55..5bd3aaa72 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PerlCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PerlCompiler.scala
@@ -236,12 +236,15 @@ class PerlCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = ();")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = ();")
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = ();")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"while (!$io->is_eof()) {")
     out.inc
   }
@@ -249,12 +252,7 @@ class PerlCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
     out.puts(s"push @{${privateMemberName(id)}}, $expr;")
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = ();")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = ();")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = ();")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
     val nVar = s"$$n_${idToStr(id)}"
     out.puts(s"my $nVar = ${expression(repeatExpr)};")
     out.puts(s"for (my $$i = 0; $$i < $nVar; $$i++) {")
@@ -262,14 +260,9 @@ class PerlCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
   }
 
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}[$$i] = $expr;")
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = ();")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = ();")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = ();")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("do {")
     out.inc
   }
@@ -284,7 +277,7 @@ class PerlCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"push @{${privateMemberName(id)}}, $tmpName;")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.dec
     out.puts(s"} until (${expression(untilExpr)});")
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PythonCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PythonCompiler.scala
index 181e9de97..5a02b1a97 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PythonCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/PythonCompiler.scala
@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@ class PythonCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
         case NoRepeat =>
           out.puts(s"self._debug['$name']['start'] = $io.pos()")
         case _: RepeatExpr | RepeatEos | _: RepeatUntil =>
+          /** TODO: move array initialization to [[condRepeatCommonInit]] - see
+           * [[JavaScriptCompiler.condRepeatCommonInit]] for inspiration */
           out.puts(s"if not 'arr' in self._debug['$name']:")
           out.inc
           out.puts(s"self._debug['$name']['arr'] = []")
@@ -303,41 +305,35 @@ class PythonCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = []")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = []")
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = []")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("i = 0")
     out.puts(s"while not $io.is_eof():")
     out.inc
   }
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.append($expr)")
+
   override def condRepeatEosFooter: Unit = {
     out.puts("i += 1")
     universalFooter
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = [None] * (${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = [None] * (${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = [None] * (${expression(repeatExpr)})")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for i in range(${expression(repeatExpr)}):")
     out.inc
   }
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}[i] = $expr")
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = []")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = []")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = []")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("i = 0")
     out.puts("while True:")
     out.inc
@@ -349,7 +345,7 @@ class PythonCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.append($tmpName)")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts(s"if ${expression(untilExpr)}:")
     out.inc
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RubyCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RubyCompiler.scala
index e9abac312..e1f103a0d 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RubyCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RubyCompiler.scala
@@ -278,46 +278,40 @@ class RubyCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = []")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
       out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = []")
-
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = []")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts("i = 0")
     out.puts(s"while not $io.eof?")
     out.inc
   }
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} << $expr")
+
   override def condRepeatEosFooter: Unit = {
     out.puts("i += 1")
     super.condRepeatEosFooter
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = Array.new(${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = Array.new(${expression(repeatExpr)})")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = Array.new(${expression(repeatExpr)})")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"(${expression(repeatExpr)}).times { |i|")
     out.inc
   }
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}[i] = $expr")
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
+
   override def condRepeatExprFooter: Unit = {
     out.dec
     out.puts("}")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = []")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = []")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = []")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("i = 0")
     out.puts("begin")
     out.inc
@@ -329,7 +323,7 @@ class RubyCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} << $tmpName")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts("i += 1")
     out.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RustCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RustCompiler.scala
index 5325310ef..2a460879a 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RustCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/RustCompiler.scala
@@ -253,44 +253,36 @@ class RustCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit = {
     if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = [];")
+      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = vec!();")
     if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = [];")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = [];")
+      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = vec!();")
+    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = vec!();")
+  }
+
+  override def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"while !$io.isEof() {")
     out.inc
   }
 
   override def handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.push($expr);")
+    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.append($expr);")
   }
 
   override def condRepeatEosFooter: Unit = {
     super.condRepeatEosFooter
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = vec!();")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = vec!();")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = vec!();")
+  override def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts(s"for i in 0..${expression(repeatExpr)} {")
     out.inc
   }
 
-  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit = {
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.push($expr);")
-  }
+  override def handleAssignmentRepeatExpr(id: Identifier, expr: String): Unit =
+    handleAssignmentRepeatEos(id, expr)
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
-    if (needRaw.level >= 1)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(id))} = vec!();")
-    if (needRaw.level >= 2)
-      out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(RawIdentifier(RawIdentifier(id)))} = vec!();")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)} = vec!();")
+  override def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     out.puts("while {")
     out.inc
   }
@@ -302,10 +294,10 @@ class RustCompiler(typeProvider: ClassTypeProvider, config: RuntimeConfig)
       translator.doLocalName(Identifier.ITERATOR)
     }
     out.puts(s"let $tempVar = $expr;")
-    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.append($expr);")
+    out.puts(s"${privateMemberName(id)}.append($tempVar);")
   }
 
-  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
+  override def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit = {
     typeProvider._currentIteratorType = Some(dataType)
     out.puts(s"!(${expression(untilExpr)})")
     out.dec
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/CommonReads.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/CommonReads.scala
index ed36b47d7..899585e67 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/CommonReads.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/CommonReads.scala
@@ -63,21 +63,26 @@ trait CommonReads extends LanguageCompiler {
   }
 
   def attrParse0(id: Identifier, attr: AttrLikeSpec, io: String, defEndian: Option[FixedEndian]): Unit = {
+    if (attr.cond.repeat != NoRepeat)
+      condRepeatCommonInit(id, attr.dataType, needRaw(attr.dataType))
     attr.cond.repeat match {
       case RepeatEos =>
-        condRepeatEosHeader(id, io, attr.dataType, needRaw(attr.dataType))
-        attrParse2(id, attr.dataType, io, attr.cond.repeat, false, defEndian)
-        condRepeatEosFooter
+        condRepeatEosHeader(id, io, attr.dataType)
       case RepeatExpr(repeatExpr: Ast.expr) =>
-        condRepeatExprHeader(id, io, attr.dataType, needRaw(attr.dataType), repeatExpr)
-        attrParse2(id, attr.dataType, io, attr.cond.repeat, false, defEndian)
+        condRepeatExprHeader(id, io, attr.dataType, repeatExpr)
+      case RepeatUntil(untilExpr: Ast.expr) =>
+        condRepeatUntilHeader(id, io, attr.dataType, untilExpr)
+      case NoRepeat =>
+    }
+    attrParse2(id, attr.dataType, io, attr.cond.repeat, false, defEndian)
+    attr.cond.repeat match {
+      case RepeatEos =>
+        condRepeatEosFooter
+      case _: RepeatExpr =>
         condRepeatExprFooter
       case RepeatUntil(untilExpr: Ast.expr) =>
-        condRepeatUntilHeader(id, io, attr.dataType, needRaw(attr.dataType), untilExpr)
-        attrParse2(id, attr.dataType, io, attr.cond.repeat, false, defEndian)
-        condRepeatUntilFooter(id, io, attr.dataType, needRaw(attr.dataType), untilExpr)
+        condRepeatUntilFooter(id, io, attr.dataType, untilExpr)
       case NoRepeat =>
-        attrParse2(id, attr.dataType, io, attr.cond.repeat, false, defEndian)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/LanguageCompiler.scala b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/LanguageCompiler.scala
index 09847c878..2edeadc5e 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/LanguageCompiler.scala
+++ b/shared/src/main/scala/io/kaitai/struct/languages/components/LanguageCompiler.scala
@@ -103,14 +103,16 @@ abstract class LanguageCompiler(
   def condIfHeader(expr: Ast.expr): Unit
   def condIfFooter(expr: Ast.expr): Unit
 
-  def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit
+  def condRepeatCommonInit(id: Identifier, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw): Unit
+
+  def condRepeatEosHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType): Unit
   def condRepeatEosFooter: Unit
 
-  def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit
+  def condRepeatExprHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit
   def condRepeatExprFooter: Unit
 
-  def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit
-  def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, needRaw: NeedRaw, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit
+  def condRepeatUntilHeader(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, untilExpr: Ast.expr): Unit
+  def condRepeatUntilFooter(id: Identifier, io: String, dataType: DataType, repeatExpr: Ast.expr): Unit
 
   def attrProcess(proc: ProcessExpr, varSrc: Identifier, varDest: Identifier, rep: RepeatSpec): Unit