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+# openshift-operator-developer-doc
+
+## Motivation for this document
+This document offers high level information about OpenShift ClusterOperators and Operands.
+It also provides information about developing with OpenShift operators and the OpenShift release payload. 
+When updating READMEs in core OpenShift repositories, we realized there is overlap of content.
+We've created this document to serve as a common link for READMEs to answer `What is an Operator?` and 
+`How do I build/update/test/deploy this code?`.
+
+Many OpenShift Operators were built using [openshift/library-go's framework](https://github.com/openshift/library-go/tree/master/pkg/operator)
+and also utilize [openshift/library-go's alpha-build-machinery](https://github.com/openshift/library-go/tree/master/alpha-build-machinery), a 
+collection of building blocks, Makefile targets, helper scripts, and other build-related machinery.  As a result, there are common methods 
+for building, updating, and developing these operators.  When adding features or investigating bugs, you may need to swap out a 
+component layer of a release payload for a locally built one.  Again, the process for doing this is shared among OpenShift operators, as well
+as the process of updating CVO-managed deployments in a cluster.  
+
+## What is an OpenShift ClusterOperator?
+OpenShift deploys many operators on Kubernetes. Core OpenShift operators are ClusterOperators (CO). You can list them with this:
+```console
+$ oc get clusteroperators
+```
+To get a description of a CO run
+```console
+$ oc describe co/clusteroperatorname
+```
+Operators are controllers for a 
+[Custom Resource](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/).  Operators automate many tasks
+in application management, such as deployments, backups, upgrades, leader election, reconciling resources, etc.
+
+The [Custom Resource Definitions](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/#customresourcedefinitions) in OpenShift can be viewed with this:
+```
+$ oc get crds
+```
+For a particular CRD (ex: openshiftapiservers.operator.openshift.io):
+```
+$ oc explain openshiftapiservers.operator.openshift.io
+```
+For more information, check out [the Operator pattern in Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/).    
+
+While ClusterOperators manage individual components (Custom Resources), the 
+[Cluster Version Operator](https://github.com/openshift/cluster-version-operator) (CVO) is responsible for managing the ClusterOperators.
+
+## What is an Operand?
+The component that an operator manages is its operand.  For example, the cluster-kube-controller-manager-operator CO manages the 
+cluster-kube-controller-manager component running in OpenShift. An operator can be responsible for multiple components.  For example, 
+the CVO manages all of the COs (in this way ClusterOperators are also operands). 
+
+## What is an OpenShift release image?
+To get a list of the components and their images that comprise an OpenShift release image, grab a 
+release from the [openshift release page](https://openshift-release.svc.ci.openshift.org/) and run:
+```console
+$ oc adm release info registry.svc.ci.openshift.org/ocp/release:version
+```
+
+If the above command fails, you may need to authenticate against `registry.svc.ci.openshift.org`.    
+If you are an OpenShift developer, see [authenticating against ci registry](#authenticating-against-ci-registry)    
+You'll notice that currently the release payload is just shy of 100 images.
+
+## CVO Cluster Operator Status
+You can check on the status of any ClusterOperator with
+```console
+$ oc get co/clusteroperatorname -o yaml
+```
+At any time the staus of a CO may be:
+- Available
+- Degraded
+- Progressing       
+
+[CVO Cluster Operator Status Conditions Overview](https://github.com/openshift/cluster-version-operator/blob/master/docs/dev/clusteroperator.md#conditions)
+
+## Metrics
+By default, an OpenShift ClusterOperator exposes [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io) metrics via `metrics` service.
+
+## Debugging
+Operators expose events that can help in debugging issues. To get operator events, run following command:
+
+```
+$ oc get events -n [cluster-operator-namespace]
+```
+
+## How do I build|update|verify|run unit-tests
+In an openshift/repo that utilizes [openshift/library-go's alpha-build-machinery](https://github.com/openshift/library-go/tree/master/alpha-build-machinery), a useful command to list all make targets for a repository is:     
+```
+$ make help
+```
+
+This builds the binaries:    
+```
+$ make build
+```
+
+To build the images (or, use `make help` to get the target for an individual image):    
+```
+$ make images
+```
+note: [issues with imagebuilder and make images](#issues-with-imagebuilder-and-make-images)
+
+To run unit tests:    
+```console
+$ make test-unit
+```
+
+This will run verify-gofmt, verify-govet, verify-bindata (if applicable), verify-codegen     
+There may be other verify targets added to individual Makefiles, also.     
+```console
+$ make verify
+```
+
+This will update-bindata (if applicable), update-codegen, update-gofmt:    
+```console
+$ make update
+```
+
+If you have exported your KUBECONFIG to point to a running cluster, you can run    
+the end-to-end tests that live in the repository (that would run in CI with e2e-aws-operator)    
+```console
+$ make test-e2e
+```
+
+If the repository utilizes glide for dependency management, you can update dependencies with    
+```console
+$ make update-deps
+```
+
+If the repository uses gomod for dependency management, [this doc](https://github.com/openshift/enhancements/blob/master/enhancements/oc/upgrade_kubernetes.md) is useful.
+
+## How can I test changes to an OpenShift operator/operand/release component? 
+
+When developing on OpenShift, you'll want to test your changes in a running cluster.  Any component image in a 
+release payload can be substituted for a locally built image.  You can test your changes in an 
+OpenShift cluster like so:     
+```
+If using quay.io, repositories are by default private.  Visit quay.io and change settings 
+to public for any new image repos you push.  This is to allow OpenShift to pull your image.
+```
+
+### OPTION A - START WITH A RUNNING CLUSTER
+The operator deployment is modified to reference a test operand image, rather than
+modifying the operand deployment directly.  This is because an operator is meant to stomp on changes 
+made to it's operand.    
+[note: operator and operand may share a repository](#operator-repositories-can-house-operands)     
+
+For this example, a change to `openshift-apiserver` operand is being tested.    
+1. Build the operand image and push it to a public registry (use any containers cli, quay.io, docker.io).    
+   If `make images` doesn't work, your Makefile may need an update, see [here](#issues-with-imagebuilder-and-make-images)
+```
+$ cd local/path/to/openshift-apiserver
+$ make IMAGE_TAG=quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test images
+$ buildah push quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test
+```
+
+2. Edit the operator deployment definition to reference your test image and build the test operator image.
+Each operator (ex openshift/cluster-openshift-apiserver-operator) has a `manifests/*.deployment.yaml` 
+that sets the env `IMAGE` for its operand image.   
+   * Edit the
+   [manifests/deployment yaml](https://github.com/openshift/cluster-openshift-apiserver-operator/blob/master/manifests/0000_30_openshift-apiserver-operator_07_deployment.yaml)
+   to reference your test image in `spec.containers.env` like so:
+   ```yaml
+    spec:
+      serviceAccountName: openshift-apiserver-operator
+      containers:
+      - name: openshift-apiserver-operator
+        env:
+        - name: IMAGE
+          value: quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test
+       ---
+     ```
+   * Build and push the _operator_ image with the updated deployment above to a public registry (use any containers cli, quay.io, docker.io).        
+   If `make images` doesn't work, your Makefile may need an update, see [here](#issues-with-imagebuilder-and-make-images)
+
+```
+$ cd local/path/to/cluster-openshift-apiserver-operator
+$ make IMAGE_TAG=quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver-operator:test images
+$ buildah push quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver-operator:test
+```
+    
+3. Disable the CVO or tell CVO to ignore your component.  The CVO reconciles a cluster to its known good state as
+laid out in its resource definitions.  You cannot edit a deployment without first disabling the CVO
+(Well, you can, but the CVO will reconcile and stomp on any changes you make).
+There are 2 paths to working around CVO, you'll need to either:
+    * Set your operator in umanaged state.
+    See [here](https://github.com/openshift/cluster-version-operator/blob/master/docs/dev/clusterversion.md#setting-objects-unmanaged)
+    for how to patch clusterversion/version object.    
+    or    
+    * Scale down CVO and edit a deployment in a running cluster like so:
+```console
+$ oc scale --replicas 0 -n openshift-cluster-version deployments/cluster-version-operator`    
+```
+
+4. Edit the ClusterOperator deployment in a running cluster for which you're logged in as admin user.    
+
+```console
+$ oc get deployments -n openshift-apiserver-operator
+$ oc edit deployment openshift-apiserver-operator -n openshift-apiserver-operator
+```
+Edit the env `OPERATOR_IMAGE` (if it exists), the env `IMAGE`, as well as:   
+```yaml
+spec:
+  containers:
+    image: quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver-operator:test
+```
+```
+env: IMAGE
+value: quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test
+```
+```
+env: OPERATOR_IMAGE
+value: quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver-operator:test
+```
+exception: service-ca-operator deployment
+```
+env: CONTROLLER_IMAGE
+value: quay.io/yourname/service-ca-operator:test
+```
+    
+You'll see a new deployment rolls out, and in the operand namespace, `openshift-apiserver`, a new deployment 
+rolls out there as well, using your `openshift-apiserver:test` image.      
+
+To set your cluster back to its original state, you can simply:
+```console
+$ oc scale --replicas 1 -n openshift-cluster-version deployments/cluster-version-operator
+```
+or remove the overrides section you added in `clusterversion/version`. 
+
+### OPTION B - LAUNCH A CLUSTER WITH YOUR CHANGES
+#### Build a new release image that has your test components built in. 
+For this example I'll start with the release image
+`registry.svc.ci.openshift.org/ocp/release:4.2`  
+and test a change to the `github.com/openshift/openshift-apiserver` repository.
+
+1. Build the image and push it to a registry (use any containers cli, quay.io, docker.io)    
+If `make images` doesn't work, your Makefile may need an update, see [here](#issues-with-imagebuilder-and-make-images)
+```
+$ cd local/path/to/openshift-apiserver
+$ make IMAGE_TAG=quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test images
+$ buildah push quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test
+```
+    
+2. Assemble a release payload with your test image and push it to a registry
+Get the name of the image (`openshift-apiserver`) you want to substitute:
+```
+$ oc adm release info registry.svc.ci.openshift.org/ocp/release:4.2
+```
+If the above command fails, you may need to authenticate against `registry.svc.ci.openshift.org`. 
+If you are an OpenShift developer, see [authenticating against ci registry](#authenticating-against-ci-registry)    
+
+This command will assemble a release payload incorporating your test image _and_ will push it to the quay.io repository.    
+Be sure to set this repository in quay.io as `public`.    
+```
+$ oc adm release new --from-release registry.svc.ci.openshift.org/ocp/release:4.2 \
+  openshift-apiserver=quay.io/yourname/openshift-apiserver:test \
+  --to-image quay.io/yourname/release:test
+```
+
+If the above command succeeds, move on to Step 3.
+If the above command fails, you need to authenticate against `quay.io`. See [authenticating against quay.io](#authenticating-against-quay-registry)
+
+3. Extract the installer binary from the release payload that has your test image.  This will extract 
+`openshift-install` binary that is pinned to your test release image.
+```console
+$ oc adm release extract --command openshift-install quay.io/yourname/release:test
+```
+4. Run the installer extracted from your release image.
+```console
+$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir /path/to/installdir
+```
+Once the install completes, you'll have a cluster running that was launched with a known-good release payload with whatever test image(s) you've
+substituted. 
+
+## Issues with imagebuilder and make images
+`make images` utilizes [imagebuilder](https://github.com/openshift/imagebuilder)
+1. There are a few known issues with `imagebuilder`:
+    - https://github.com/openshift/imagebuilder/issues/144
+        - workaround is to prepull any images that fail with docker or buildah as outlined in the issue
+    - https://github.com/openshift/imagebuilder/issues/140
+        - workaround is something like [this](https://github.com/openshift/cluster-config-operator/pull/98)
+    - other issues [here](https://github.com/openshift/imagebuilder/issues)
+2. Your Makefile may need to update it's `build-image` call, to follow [this example](https://github.com/openshift/library-go/blob/master/alpha-build-machinery/make/default.example.mk)
+3. If `make images` still isn't working, you can replace that with a buildah or docker command like so:    
+*Dockerfile name varies per repository, this example uses Dockerfile.rhel*
+
+```console
+$ buildah bud -f Dockerfile.rhel -t quay.io/myimage:local .
+or    
+$ docker build -f Dockerfile.rhel -t quay.io/myimage:local .
+```
+## Operator repositories can house operands
+For some operator repositories, such as openshift/service-ca-operator, the controller (operand) images are included 
+in the operator image.  Any changes to the controllers  are made in the operator repository.  When testing 
+a change, there is only the single operator image substitution, rather than a separate operand image build 
+plus operator image build for such operators.
+
+## Authenticating against ci registry
+(Internal Red Hat registries for developer testing)
+Add the necessary credentials to your local `~/.docker/config.json` (or equivalent file) like so:
+ - visit `https://api.ci.openshift.org`, `upper right corner '?'` dropdown to `Command Line Tools`
+ - copy the given `oc login https://api.ci.openshift.org --token=<hidden>`, paste in your terminal
+ - then run `oc registry login` to add your credentials to your local config file _usually ~/.docker/config.json_   
+
+## Authenticating against quay registry
+Add the necessary credentials to your local `~/.docker/config.json` (or equivalent file) like so:
+ - Visit `https://try.openshift.com`, `GET STARTED`, login w/ RedHat account if not already,
+   choose any `Infrastructure Provider`, `Copy Pull Secret` to a local file (or download) 
+ - Add the quay auth from the pull-secret to ~/.docker/config.json. 
+   The config file should have the following:
+   
+```console
+$cat ~/.docker/config.json
+{
+  "auths": {
+    "registry.svc.ci.openshift.org": {
+      "auth": "blahblahblah"
+    },
+    "quay.io": {
+      "auth": "blahblahblah"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```