17. Accessibility.srt

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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Stanford University,
斯坦福大学,

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>> Okay, welcome to Stanford CS193P, Winter of 2017,
> >好的,欢迎来到斯坦福CS193P,2017年冬天,

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This is Developing iOS Applications,
这是开发iOS应用程序,

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this is lecture number 17, I said,
我说,这是讲座数量17日

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Yes, and we have a guest lecturer today
是的,我们有今天的客座讲师

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who's gonna talk to us about accessibility,
谁来和我们谈谈可访问性,

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His name is Skylar Peterson,
他的名字叫Skylar彼得森,

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Why don't you come up here, Skylar?
你为什么不来这里,Skylar吗?

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It's all yours,
都是你的,

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Thank you very much,
非常感谢你,

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All righty,
好了,

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Good afternoon, everybody,
大家下午好,

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As he said, my name is Skylar Peterson,
他说,我的名字叫Skylar彼得森,

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I am a member of Apple's Accessibility team,
我是一个苹果的可访问性小组成员,

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If you don't know exactly what I mean by that,
如果你不知道我的意思,

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then don't worry,
别担心,

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It's what I'm here to talk to you about today,
这就是我今天来和你谈谈,

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I first wanna thank Paul for
我第一次想感谢保罗

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inviting us here to speak today,
邀请我们今天在这里说,

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Hopefully you'll find what I have to say meaningful in some
希望你会发现我不得不说有意义一些

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way, and choose to apply it to your own work in the future,
,选择把它应用到自己的工作在未来,

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So before we get started,
在我们开始之前,

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let me tell you just a little bit about myself,
让我告诉你一点关于我自己,

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I actually graduated from Stanford in 2014,
我2014年毕业于斯坦福大学,

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I studied computer science, and
我学习计算机科学,

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my concentration was in HCI,
我的注意力在人机交互,

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I took this class while I was here, and
我把这门课的时候,

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it's actually one of the reasons that I fell in love
它实际上的原因之一,我爱上了你

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with iOS as a platform and why I'm in the job I'm in today,
与iOS平台,为什么我在工作我在今天,

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so thank you for that as well,
谢谢你,,

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After I graduated I spent a year and a half working at
毕业后我工作了一年半

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an enterprise software company called Citrix,
企业软件公司叫Citrix,

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where I worked on two different iOS applications,
我工作在两个不同的iOS应用程序,

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And then a little over a year ago,
然后一年多前,

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I made the jump to the Accessibility team at Apple,
我跳上了可访问性团队在苹果,

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where I focus mainly on iOS,
我主要关注iOS的地方,

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there's a couple things that I'd like to cover with you,
有很多事情我想和你在一起,

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So for today,
所以在今天,

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First of all,
首先,

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what exactly do we mean when we say accessibility?
我们具体指的是当我们说易访问性?

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And once you understand that,
一旦你明白了,

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how do you take the tools that we've created for you and
你怎么把你的工具,我们已经创建了吗

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apply them to your own work to make your apps accessible?
将它们应用到自己的工作使您的应用程序访问吗?

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So included in that we're gonna take a look at
中,我们会看一看

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the UIAccessibility API,
UIAccessibility API,

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We're gonna take a look at several vision accommodations
我们会看看一些视觉住宿

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that you should consider when designing your applications,
你应该考虑在设计应用程序时,

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and specifically I'm going to call out dynamic
特别是我要调用动态

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type as an important feature,
类型作为一个重要的特性,

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And at the end I'd like to discuss some opportunities
最后我想讨论一些机会

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available to you as a developer in the accessibility
提供给你作为一个开发者的可访问性

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space,
空间,

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So let's get started,
所以让我们开始,

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I'd like to begin with a brief video that
我想开始一个简短的视频

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Apple produced towards the end of last year,
去年年底苹果生产,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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People think that having a disability is a barrier,
人认为残疾是一个障碍,

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[MUSIC],
(音乐)

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But that's not the way I see it,
但这不是我看来,

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It, [MUSIC]
(音乐)

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You can catch up with friends,
你可以赶上朋友,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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Ready? You can capture a moment with
准备好了吗?

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your family,
你的家人,

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One face, small face,
一个脸,小小的脸,

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Focus log,
集中日志,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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And you can start the day bright and early,
你可以一大早的开始一天的工作,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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You can take a trip to somewhere new,
你可以去新的地方,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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3 miles to the summit,
3英里的峰会上,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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You can concentrate on every word of the story,
你可以专注于故事的每一个字,

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A bird begun to sing,
鸟儿开始唱歌,

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Jack opened his eyes,
杰克睁开眼睛,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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You can take the long way home,
你可以把漫长的回家的路上,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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Or edit a film,
或编辑一个电影,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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Like this one,
喜欢这个,

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[MUSIC],
(音乐)

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When technology is designed for everyone,
当技术是为每个人设计的,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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It lets anyone do what they love, including me,
它允许任何人做他们爱,包括我,

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[MUSIC]
(音乐)

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So the woman narrating and
所以女人叙述

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whom you saw featured throughout that video is named
你看见谁在视频被命名为特色

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Sady, and she has cerebral palsy,
回来,和她有脑瘫,

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And she's the principal editor on that video,
她的主编,视频,

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which I think is a powerful example of the way in which
我认为这是一个功能强大的方法的例子吗

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technology can empower people with disabilities and
技术可以使残疾人

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fundamentally change their lives,
从根本上改变他们的生活,

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So that is really what accessibility is all about,
这是真正的可访问性,

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It's making technology work for everyone,
是做技术工作的每个人,

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making it accessible for everyone,
这使得每一个人,可

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So let's take a look at some statistics,
让我们看看一些统计数据,

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There are 285 million people worldwide who have some sort
全世界有2.85亿人一些

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of low vision condition or who are entirely blind,
低视力的条件或完全失明,

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There are 360 million who are hard of hearing or deaf,
有3.6亿个重听或失聪,

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One in every 12 men is colorblind in some way, and 1
每12人是色盲,和1

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in 68 children fall somewhere on the autism spectrum,
68年,儿童自闭症介于

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And so what this means is that worldwide there are over
所以这意味着,全球有超过

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a billion people that have a disability of some sort,
某种形式的残疾十亿人,

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Or in other words, one in seven,
换句话说,七分之一,

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So by no means is accessibility a small issue,
所以绝不可访问性是一个小问题,

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It affects a lot of people and
它影响了很多人

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if your app has an audience of any significant size you're
如果您的应用程序有任何重要的大小你的观众

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going to have users that have disabilities,
有障碍的用户,

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And you should be doing the best, your best to make sure
你应该做的最好的,最好的,以确保

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that whatever you're working on works for everybody,
无论你在工作,

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So at Apple we think of accessibility in four distinct
所以在苹果在四个不同的可访问性

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groups,
组,

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which includes things like autism, dyslexia, and
其中包括诸如自闭症、诵读困难和

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other forms of learning disability,
其他形式的学习障碍,

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Physical and motor skills, so people that have tremors or
身体和运动技能,所以人们有震动或

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Parkinson's and maybe can't make precise movements
帕金森症,也许不能做出精确的运动

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or gestures, but this also includes people who
或手势,但这也包括人

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are paralyzed or have a limited set of digits that
瘫痪或一组有限的数字吗

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they can use to interact with the system,
他们可以使用与系统交互,

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For instance a single finger or a single toe, or
例如一个手指或一个脚趾,或

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in Sadie's case, her head,
在赛迪的案例中,她的头,

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Vision, which covers a spectrum of vision impairment
涵盖了一系列的愿景,障碍

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from low vision to completely blind, and
从低视力完全失明

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also includes different forms of color blindness,
还包括不同形式的色盲,

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And finally we have hearing,
最后我们有听力,

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which also like vision exists on a spectrum from the hard of
也喜欢视觉存在频谱的困难

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hearing to the completely deaf,
听力完全失聪,

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So now our team has developed a huge set of features on iOS
现在我们的团队开发了一个巨大的iOS的特征

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that assists in all of these categories, and best of all
协助所有这些类别,最重要的是

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they all come baked into the system from the beginning,
他们都来烤到系统从一开始,

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So they're all on all of your iOS devices that you can turn
所以他们都是你的iOS设备上,你可以转弯

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on, no add-ons required,
不需要插件,

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And as much as I'd like to go feature by feature and
尽管我想去特性和功能

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tell you why each of these is cool, and why it's necessary
告诉你为什么这些很酷,为什么它是必要的

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and solves the problem, we don't have all night, so
和解决问题,我们没有一整夜,所以

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I'm going to focus on just a couple,
我要关注几,

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But I do encourage you to go and check them out for
但我鼓励你去检查他们

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You can find accessibility settings on your device by
你可以找到可访问性设置你的设备

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yourself,
你自己,

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going to General and
一般,

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tapping on Accessibility where you'll find a long list of
开发可访问性,你会发现一长串

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all the features that you can enable on your devices,
的所有功能,您可以使在你的设备上,

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What I'd like to do now though is demo for you,
我现在想做的是为你演示,

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one of our most popular pieces of assistive technology which
我们最受欢迎的作品之一的辅助技术

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is called VoiceOver,
被称为画外音,

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It's a screen reader that allows blind and low vision
这是一个屏幕阅读器,允许盲和低视力

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users to use a touch screen by audibly describing elements of
用户使用一个触摸屏,可听见地描述的元素

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the screen as they pan or swipe around it,
屏幕上锅或刷卡时,

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So without a technology like this, blind users would be
没有这样的技术,用户会视而不见

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unable to use the iPhone which is why it's really important
无法使用iPhone,这就是为什么它是非常重要的

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for you to take advantage of the API which I'm gonna get
你利用我要得到的API

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into in a little bit so that your apps play well with it,
到一点,这样你的应用打好了,

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So, I have my device here on the home screen and
所以,我在主屏幕和设备

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I'm gonna turn VoiceOver on,
我要打开配音,

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And what you're gonna notice is that it's going to focus on
你要注意的是,它会关注的

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the first element of the screen,
第一个元素在屏幕的,

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which is the Mail app in the upper left corner,
这是邮件应用程序在左上角,

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VoiceOver on,
画外音,

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Mail,
邮件,

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No unread emails,
没有未读邮件,

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And it described it to me, and told me some extra information
描述我,告诉我一些额外的信息

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about it, for instance, that I have no unread emails,
,例如,我没有未读邮件,

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So if I wanted to navigate between items,
如果我想导航条目之间,

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if I wanna go item by item, I can swipe right or left,
如果我想去逐项,我可以左右滑动,

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Calendar, photos, camera,
日历,照片,相机,

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And it's going to read to me the description of each
和我要读的描述

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But if we're on the home screen which I'm here fairly
但如果我们在主屏幕上,我是相当的

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item as I go,
项目,我去,

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frequently, I know my way around, I can also just feel
经常,我知道我的方式,我也可以感觉

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my way around the screen with my finger,
我与我的手指在屏幕上,

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You tapped on Music,
你在音乐了,

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And once I found exactly what I'm looking for,
一旦我找到我在寻找什么,

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a double tap acts like a single tap would when you
双击就像一个水龙头当你

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don't have VoiceOver on,
没有解说,

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So it's gonna open Music,
所以它会打开音乐,

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Music, this is now playing screen, button,
音乐,现在玩屏幕,按钮,

180
00:08:18,198 --> 00:08:21,899
Now because music is a first party application,
因为音乐是第一方的应用程序,

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00:08:21,968 --> 00:08:23,134
Apple engineers have gone through and
苹果公司的工程师已经通过

182
00:08:23,203 --> 00:08:26,237
made sure that all of the UI in that app is accessible,
确保所有UI应用程序访问,

183
00:08:26,306 --> 00:08:29,106
So VoiceOver interacts with this interface
所以画外音与这个接口

184
00:08:29,175 --> 00:08:31,042
exactly the same way that it would on the home screen,
完全相同的方式,它将在主屏幕上,

185
00:08:31,111 --> 00:08:33,978
I could swipe, [SOUND] Or
我可以刷卡,[声音]或

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00:08:34,046 --> 00:08:35,580
find exactly what I'm looking for,
发现我在找什么,

187
00:08:37,083 --> 00:08:41,452
Now VoiceOver, because it is intercepting gestures
现在画外音,因为它是拦截动作

188
00:08:41,521 --> 00:08:42,653
that are normally used for
这通常用于

189
00:08:42,722 --> 00:08:44,956
other things when VoiceOver's turned off,
其他的事情当画外音的关闭,

190
00:08:45,024 --> 00:08:46,925
There are analogs for
有类似物

191
00:08:46,993 --> 00:08:49,160
each different kind of interaction with the system
每个不同的交互系统

192
00:08:49,229 --> 00:08:51,362
that you might need when VoiceOver is turned on,
时,您可能需要配音,

193
00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:55,566
So, for instance, with the track scrubber, if I only want
例如,追踪洗涤器,如果我只希望

194
00:08:55,635 --> 00:08:57,936
to scrub through the track, if I don't have voice over on,
通过跟踪擦洗,如果我没有语音,

195
00:08:58,004 --> 00:09:00,137
then I'm just gonna run my finger along it,
然后我要运行我的手指沿着它,

196
00:09:00,206 --> 00:09:01,205
like a slider,
像一个滑块,

197
00:09:01,274 --> 00:09:04,742
But when VoiceOver's on it's trying to
但当画外音的尝试

198
00:09:04,811 --> 00:09:07,312
interpret that gesture as me trying to find an element,
解释这种姿态和我试图找到一个元素,

199
00:09:07,381 --> 00:09:10,948
So instead we have this adjustable gesture on
所以我们有这个可调的姿态

200
00:09:11,017 --> 00:09:13,484
items that are adjustable, I can swipe my finger up and
可调的物品,我可以刷我的手指

201
00:09:13,553 --> 00:09:20,258
down to change the value,
变化的值,

202
00:09:20,327 --> 00:09:21,926
8 seconds and 3 minutes,
8秒和3分钟,

203
00:09:21,995 --> 00:09:22,961
30 seconds,
30秒,

204
00:09:23,030 --> 00:09:24,729
So those are just some very,
这些只是一些非常,

205
00:09:24,798 --> 00:09:27,565
very basic examples of how VoiceOver works,
非常基本的例子,画外音是如何工作的,

206
00:09:27,634 --> 00:09:29,934
It's much more advanced than that when you get into
这是比,当你进入更高级的

207
00:09:30,003 --> 00:09:31,469
the nitty, nitty gritty of it,
细节,细节,

208
00:09:31,537 --> 00:09:33,604
And I highly encourage you to turn it on and
我强烈建议你打开它

209
00:09:33,673 --> 00:09:36,507
play around with it and see what the experience is really
与它玩耍,看看经验是什么

210
00:09:36,576 --> 00:09:38,042
like for a user who's blind,
像用户的盲人,

211
00:09:38,111 --> 00:09:41,245
So where does the information that an assistive technology
那么,一个辅助技术的信息

212
00:09:41,314 --> 00:09:43,548
like VoiceOver uses coming from?
像画外音使用来自?

213
00:09:43,616 --> 00:09:46,785
Well it runs in it's own process on the system, and
它运行在它自己的系统上的过程,和

214
00:09:46,853 --> 00:09:49,854
it uses the UIAccessibility protocol to communicate with
它使用UIAccessibility协议与通信

215
00:09:49,923 --> 00:09:51,288
other processes, and
其他进程,

216
00:09:51,357 --> 00:09:55,960
ask them information about the current element on the screen,
问他们关于当前元素在屏幕上的信息,

217
00:09:56,029 --> 00:09:57,761
So VoiceOver will receive an input, for
所以画外音将获得一个输入

218
00:09:57,830 --> 00:10:00,932
instance a single tap, and
实例一个水龙头,和

219
00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:03,902
it will get the currently focused element's description,
它将当前集中元素的描述,

220
00:10:03,970 --> 00:10:06,805
It will query the current process for predefined pieces
将查询当前进程预定义的碎片

221
00:10:06,873 --> 00:10:09,106
of information about that element,
元素的信息,

222
00:10:09,175 --> 00:10:11,842
And from those queries, it's going to stitch together
从这些查询,它会缝在一起

223
00:10:11,911 --> 00:10:14,079
a user friendly description and speak it,
一个用户友好的描述和它说话,

224
00:10:16,316 --> 00:10:18,649
So let's take a look at the different properties in
让我们看看不同的属性

225
00:10:18,718 --> 00:10:21,152
the protocol that an assistive technology is going to
一个辅助技术将的协议

226
00:10:21,220 --> 00:10:22,620
ask about,
询问,

227
00:10:22,689 --> 00:10:24,689
The first, and arguably most important,
第一,可以说是最重要的,

228
00:10:24,757 --> 00:10:27,658
is isAccessibilityElement which tells VoiceOver whether
是isAccessibilityElement告诉画外音

229
00:10:27,727 --> 00:10:30,928
or not the current thing should even be visible to it,
甚至不是当前的事情应该是可见的,

230
00:10:30,997 --> 00:10:33,664
And if this is set to no then obviously it's not going to be
如果这是设置为不那么显然不是

231
00:10:33,733 --> 00:10:34,699
an accessible element and
一个访问元素和

232
00:10:34,768 --> 00:10:37,068
VoiceOver will not be able to focus on it,
画外音将无法关注它,

233
00:10:37,137 --> 00:10:40,572
But in the case of say, a volume slider,
但在说,音量滑块,

234
00:10:40,641 --> 00:10:42,006
which I'm going to use as an example for
我将使用作为一个例子

235
00:10:42,075 --> 00:10:44,376
all these properties, we're gonna set this value to true,
所有这些特性,我们将这个值设置为true,

236
00:10:46,412 --> 00:10:48,312
Next we have the accessibilityLabel
接下来我们有accessibilityLabel

237
00:10:48,381 --> 00:10:50,915
which describes what an element,
它描述了一个元素,

238
00:10:50,984 --> 00:10:55,153
So in the case of the Volume slider, it changes the volume,
所以在音量滑块的情况下,改变体积,

239
00:10:55,222 --> 00:10:56,454
so it's going to say Volume,
所以它会说体积,

240
00:10:56,523 --> 00:10:59,524
And then you may wonder
然后你可能想知道

241
00:10:59,593 --> 00:11:02,426
why we don't say something like Volume Slider,
为什么我们不这样说音量滑块,

242
00:11:02,495 --> 00:11:03,661
And this is because of this next
这是因为下一个

243
00:11:03,730 --> 00:11:05,696
property accessibilityTraits
财产accessibilityTraits

244
00:11:05,765 --> 00:11:09,801
which is used to define what category an element fits into,
用于定义类别元素融入,

245
00:11:09,869 --> 00:11:12,170
So in the case of a slider, it's an adjustable element,
所以在一个滑动条的情况下,这是一个可调的元素,

246
00:11:12,239 --> 00:11:14,339
so we're going to give it the adjustable trait,
所以我们要给它可调特性,

247
00:11:15,842 --> 00:11:17,542
This means that when VoiceOver describes it,
这意味着当画外音描述它,

248
00:11:17,611 --> 00:11:20,511
it's going to say volume adjustable,
它会说体积可调,

249
00:11:20,580 --> 00:11:23,280
which means that the word slider is redundant,
这意味着“滑块”这个词是多余的,

250
00:11:23,349 --> 00:11:24,315
And doesn't need to be there,
不需要,

251
00:11:25,752 --> 00:11:26,817
Accessibility traits
易访问性特征

252
00:11:26,886 --> 00:11:29,253
are important in other ways as well,
在其他方面也很重要,

253
00:11:29,322 --> 00:11:33,290
So certain traits afford elements certain behaviors,
因此某些特征元素特定的行为,

254
00:11:33,359 --> 00:11:36,060
For instance, in my demo where I was showing the track
例如,在我的演示,我是跟踪显示

255
00:11:36,129 --> 00:11:40,331
scrubber, that increment and decrement gesture is added
洗涤器,递增和递减的姿态

256
00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:44,134
because that view has the adjustable trait set to it,
因为这一观点有可调节的特征集,

257
00:11:44,203 --> 00:11:46,771
So, VoiceOver knows that that view is going to respond
画外音知道这一观点是要回应

258
00:11:46,839 --> 00:11:50,942
in some way to having its value increased or decreased,
在某些方面有它的价值的增加或减少,

259
00:11:52,345 --> 00:11:54,545
VoiceOver also has a mechanism for
画外音也的机制

260
00:11:54,614 --> 00:11:57,982
navigating a display, where a user can say
导航显示,用户可以说

261
00:11:58,050 --> 00:12:01,119
I want to navigate based on only this kind of item,
我只想导航基于这样的项目,

262
00:12:01,187 --> 00:12:04,422
So, for instance, if I had a table view that I wanted to
例如,如果我有一个我想要的表视图

263
00:12:04,491 --> 00:12:08,593
navigate just by its headers then I could set this in
导航的头然后我可以设置

264
00:12:08,661 --> 00:12:11,562
VoiceOver, and it's going to go through and only focus on
画外音,它会通过,只关注

265
00:12:11,631 --> 00:12:14,698
elements in the hierarchy that have the header trait,
头特征元素层次结构,

266
00:12:14,767 --> 00:12:17,001
So it's important that all of your views have the right
所以重要的是你所有的有正确的看法

267
00:12:17,070 --> 00:12:19,971
traits so they behave as expected to voice over users,
特征所以他们的行为符合预期时语音用户,

268
00:12:22,375 --> 00:12:24,442
Next we have accessibility value,
接下来,我们有可访问性价值,

269
00:12:24,511 --> 00:12:27,745
Which you can override if your view has some sort of state,
你可以覆盖如果你观点的某种状态,

270
00:12:27,814 --> 00:12:29,747
So for example, the state for
例如,国家

271
00:12:29,816 --> 00:12:32,283
the volume slider is what is the current percent
音量滑块是当前的百分比

272
00:12:32,352 --> 00:12:35,219
that my volume is set to, and we're gonna return 50%,
我的音量设置为,我们会返还50%,

273
00:12:35,288 --> 00:12:39,757
And finally, we have accessibilityHint,
最后,我们有accessibilityHint,

274
00:12:39,825 --> 00:12:42,593
So this is another optional property that's meant
这是另一个可选属性的意思

275
00:12:42,662 --> 00:12:45,129
to provide a more long-form description of what something
提供更多的长篇描述的东西

276
00:12:45,198 --> 00:12:47,398
is or what something does,
或者什么东西,

277
00:12:47,467 --> 00:12:51,035
This is important often for VoiceOver users who have never
这是重要的画外音用户从来没有经常

278
00:12:51,104 --> 00:12:53,705
used your interface before and are trying to learn their way
使用接口之前,正在努力学习

279
00:12:53,773 --> 00:12:57,575
around it and figure out how things work together,
,找出如何一起工作,

280
00:12:57,643 --> 00:13:00,211
But you should never put information that is
但你永远不应该把信息

281
00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:03,381
critical to the user in this description
用户在此描述的关键

282
00:13:03,450 --> 00:13:06,384
because Accessibility can be turned off,
因为易访问性可以被关闭,

283
00:13:06,452 --> 00:13:08,619
And therefore a user may not ever hear them,
因此用户可能没有听过他们,

284
00:13:08,688 --> 00:13:11,756
Which they might do to keep VoiceOver from being
他们可能防止画外音

285
00:13:11,825 --> 00:13:14,825
too verbose if they're an experienced user,
过于冗长,如果他们是一个有经验的用户,

286
00:13:14,894 --> 00:13:18,662
So those are the fine five main accessibility traits,
这是优良的五个主要的易访问性特征,

287
00:13:18,731 --> 00:13:21,599
Without them the interface is totally unusable to VoiceOver,
没有他们的接口是完全不可用画外音,

288
00:13:21,667 --> 00:13:25,036
and that's the blind and low vision users who rely on it,
这是盲人和低视力用户依赖它,

289
00:13:25,104 --> 00:13:29,674
UIKit views define these properties by default, or
UIKit视图定义这些属性在默认情况下,或

290
00:13:29,742 --> 00:13:32,543
most of them do, which means that most of the legwork is
他们中的大多数,这意味着大多数的跑腿工作

291
00:13:32,611 --> 00:13:34,078
already done for you,
已经完成了,

292
00:13:34,147 --> 00:13:35,612
But what you really need to watch out for
但你真的需要小心

293
00:13:35,681 --> 00:13:39,551
is your own custom views, so let's look at some code,
是您自己的自定义视图,所以让我们来看看代码,

294
00:13:41,154 --> 00:13:43,788
Let's say that I have a view controller
假设我有一个视图控制器

295
00:13:43,856 --> 00:13:47,925
that has a property image view of subclass MyImageView,
有一个属性图像视图MyImageView子类,

296
00:13:47,994 --> 00:13:50,695
which is a subclass that I've created,
这是我创建的一个子类,

297
00:13:50,764 --> 00:13:52,764
It's just a UIView, it's not a UIImageView or
它只是一个UIView,这不是UIImageView或

298
00:13:52,832 --> 00:13:54,131
anything like that, so
类似的,所以

299
00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:55,767
it doesn't have accessibility by default,
它没有可访问性在默认情况下,

300
00:13:57,437 --> 00:13:59,436
Well in my viewDidLoad method I'm obviously gonna call
在我viewDidLoad方法显然会调用

301
00:13:59,505 --> 00:14:01,572
super and then I could do this,
超级然后我可以这样做,

302
00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:04,342
I could use dot notation to set each of these different
我可以使用点符号设置这些不同

303
00:14:04,411 --> 00:14:05,275
properties,
属性,

304
00:14:05,344 --> 00:14:06,277
I'm gonna say yes my
我要说是我的

305
00:14:06,345 --> 00:14:08,179
imageView,isAccessibilityElem- ent,
imageView isAccessibilityElem - ent,

306
00:14:08,248 --> 00:14:12,550
I'm gonna give it some reasonable label and I'm gonna
我要给它一些合理的标签,我要

307
00:14:12,618 --> 00:14:15,185
give it the trait, the image trait, because I want it to
给它的特征,图像特征,因为我想要的

308
00:14:15,254 --> 00:14:17,322
behave like any other image would on the system,
像任何其他图片会在系统上,

309
00:14:18,658 --> 00:14:21,258
Now, I probably want to do this in a case where these
现在,我可能需要做这些

310
00:14:21,327 --> 00:14:25,963
values depend on an instance of a view,
值取决于一个视图的一个实例,

311
00:14:26,032 --> 00:14:28,565
But, there may be a case where
但是,可能存在一种情况

312
00:14:28,634 --> 00:14:31,602
the value that is returned from one of these properties
返回的值从这些属性之一

313
00:14:31,671 --> 00:14:33,270
applies to all view of that kind,
适用于所有的那种,

314
00:14:33,339 --> 00:14:37,475
So, on the subclass MyImageView,
所以,MyImageView子类,

315
00:14:37,544 --> 00:14:41,879
I could have instead overridden the getter for
我可以而不是覆盖的getter

316
00:14:41,948 --> 00:14:45,182
isAccessibilityElement always return true,
isAccessibilityElement始终返回true,

317
00:14:45,251 --> 00:14:47,451
If I know that MyImageView is never not
如果我知道MyImageView从来都不是

318
00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:48,585
going to be an accessibility
将是一个可访问性

319
00:14:48,654 --> 00:14:50,588
element than this is probably what I want to do,
元素比这可能是我想做的,

320
00:14:50,657 --> 00:14:53,791
Or if there's some internal logic to that class that
或者如果有一些类的内部逻辑

321
00:14:53,860 --> 00:14:55,793
determines whether or not I should determine true or
决定我是否应该确定真正的或

322
00:14:55,862 --> 00:14:58,762
false from here, this is a much better way to do that,
假的,这是一个更好的办法,

323
00:14:58,831 --> 00:15:00,899
And then I can override the setter to just do nothing
然后我可以覆盖setter什么也不做

324
00:15:02,435 --> 00:15:04,802
this applies to all of the properties,
这适用于所有的属性,

325
00:15:04,871 --> 00:15:06,570
I can override them, their getters and
我可以覆盖它们,它们的getter和

326
00:15:06,639 --> 00:15:07,639
setters explicitly,
setter明确,

327
00:15:10,510 --> 00:15:13,444
So, now I'd like to demo what you've just seen
所以,现在我想演示你刚才看到什么

328
00:15:13,513 --> 00:15:14,945
on a sample app that I've been working on,
在一个示例应用程序,我一直在工作,

329
00:15:15,014 --> 00:15:19,349
So I'm gonna go back over here to my device and
所以我要回去我的设备和

330
00:15:19,418 --> 00:15:20,618
I'm gonna turn VoiceOver back on,
我要打开画外音回来,

331
00:15:21,788 --> 00:15:22,353
VoiceOver on,
画外音,

332
00:15:23,789 --> 00:15:26,257
So you see down here I have this app called Notecards,
所以你看下面我有这个程序称为卡片,

333
00:15:26,326 --> 00:15:28,626
[INAUDIBLE] Note note cards,
卡(INAUDIBLE)注意,注意,

334
00:15:28,694 --> 00:15:33,264
It's just a basic app that has stacks of notecards that I
这只是一个基本的应用程序栈的卡片

335
00:15:33,333 --> 00:15:35,232
can use to test myself,
可以使用它来测试自己,

336
00:15:35,301 --> 00:15:37,535
And I need to do an accessibility audit of this
我需要做一个可访问性审计

337
00:15:37,603 --> 00:15:40,104
app to see how well it works with VoiceOver,
应用程序,看看它如何使用画外音,

338
00:15:40,172 --> 00:15:42,139
So, I'm gonna start by tapping on the first thing I see,
所以,我要开始利用我看到的第一件事,

339
00:15:42,208 --> 00:15:43,207
which is that collection header,
那就是收集头,

340
00:15:43,276 --> 00:15:46,010
Collection,
收藏

341
00:15:46,079 --> 00:15:50,814
So, as you saw it read the label collection but
所以,当你看到它读标签但集合

342
00:15:50,883 --> 00:15:52,583
what it didn't say was header,
它没有说什么头,

343
00:15:52,651 --> 00:15:54,952
So I have no idea that this thing
所以我不知道这个东西

344
00:15:55,021 --> 00:15:57,488
is actually a label that is meant to be a header for
实际上是一个标签,是一个头

345
00:15:57,557 --> 00:15:58,789
all of the content underneath it,
下面所有的内容,

346
00:15:58,858 --> 00:16:01,125
So that's the first thing I need to do is add that trait,
这就是我需要做的第一件事就是添加特征,

347
00:16:02,629 --> 00:16:03,294
Add button,
添加按钮,

348
00:16:03,362 --> 00:16:05,329
That button has a sensible label,
按钮有一个合理的标签,

349
00:16:05,398 --> 00:16:07,198
Physics five cards,
物理五张牌,

350
00:16:07,267 --> 00:16:07,865
That seems right,
这似乎是正确的,

351
00:16:07,934 --> 00:16:10,834
Image one button,
图片一个按钮,

352
00:16:10,903 --> 00:16:11,702
That doesn't seem right,
这似乎不正确的,

353
00:16:11,771 --> 00:16:14,038
Image two button,
图像两个按钮,

354
00:16:14,107 --> 00:16:17,008
And neither does that so both of these buttons
和也没有,所以这两个按钮

355
00:16:17,077 --> 00:16:19,243
are missing accessibility labels and so
缺少可访问性标签和

356
00:16:19,312 --> 00:16:21,745
I have actually no idea what they do,
我已经不知道他们做什么,

357
00:16:21,814 --> 00:16:24,949
And it said image one and two because VoiceOver
它说图片1和2因为画外音

358
00:16:25,017 --> 00:16:28,252
by default when it doesn't have a label on something that
默认情况下,当它没有标签的东西

359
00:16:28,321 --> 00:16:32,389
uses an image like a UIButton, it's going to default to that
使用一个图像像UIButton,它会默认

360
00:16:32,458 --> 00:16:36,027
image's filename as a last resort to try and see if it
图片的文件名作为最后的手段,试图看看它

361
00:16:36,095 --> 00:16:38,829
can get something meaningful out of what this element is,
可以得到有意义的这个元素是什么,

362
00:16:38,897 --> 00:16:42,533
So I need to instead add my own labels to those buttons,
所以我需要添加自己的标签的按钮,

363
00:16:42,602 --> 00:16:47,137
Trivia, nine trivia,
琐事,九琐事,

364
00:16:47,206 --> 00:16:47,939
Now if I go in here,
现在,如果我在这里,

365
00:16:48,008 --> 00:16:50,307
I heard that that had the header trait,
我听说有头特征,

366
00:16:50,376 --> 00:16:52,276
Add button,
添加按钮,

367
00:16:52,344 --> 00:16:53,076
That has a good label,
一个好的标签,

368
00:16:53,145 --> 00:16:55,513
Close button,
关闭按钮,

369
00:16:55,581 --> 00:16:56,447
And if I come in here,
如果我来这里,

370
00:16:56,516 --> 00:16:58,482
The phrase "Let them eat cake" is commonly
“让他们吃蛋糕”是常见的

371
00:16:58,551 --> 00:16:59,450
attributed to whom?
归功于谁?

372
00:16:59,519 --> 00:17:00,551
Queen Marie Antoinette,
Queen Marie Antoinette,

373
00:17:00,620 --> 00:17:02,119
I notice that these two labels,
我注意到这两个标签,

374
00:17:02,188 --> 00:17:04,388
even though VoiceOver's picking them up,
尽管画外音的捡起来,

375
00:17:04,457 --> 00:17:07,124
they are picked up as separate elements and so, I don't
他们拿起作为单独的元素,所以,我不喜欢

376
00:17:07,193 --> 00:17:10,094
really have any context for how they work together,
真的没有任何上下文他们如何一起工作,

377
00:17:10,163 --> 00:17:11,862
One is the question and one is the answer,
一个问题,一个是答案,

378
00:17:11,930 --> 00:17:14,865
And it would actually be much better and give VoiceOver
它会更好,给画外音

379
00:17:14,934 --> 00:17:17,735
users much context if I were to group them together,
用户上下文如果我组在一起,

380
00:17:17,803 --> 00:17:18,636
That's one element and
这是一个元素和

381
00:17:18,705 --> 00:17:21,405
say this is the question, this is the answer,
说这是一个问题,这是答案,

382
00:17:21,473 --> 00:17:23,107
So they can actually understand what's happening in
所以他们可以理解发生了什么

383
00:17:23,175 --> 00:17:24,575
this interface,
这个接口,

384
00:17:24,644 --> 00:17:27,845
So I'm gonna go over to some code, to my app,
所以我要去一些代码,我的应用程序,

385
00:17:27,913 --> 00:17:31,282
The first thing I wanna take care of is that header trade
首先我想照顾这个头贸易

386
00:17:31,350 --> 00:17:32,016
cuz it's pretty easy,
因为它很简单,

387
00:17:32,085 --> 00:17:36,853
And I have this title label right here, so
和我这里的标题标签,所以

388
00:17:36,922 --> 00:17:43,628
I'm going to say accessibility traits or equals header,
我要说的可访问性特征或等于头,

389
00:17:43,696 --> 00:17:46,430
Now I'm using or equals instead of just explicitly
现在我使用或=而不是显式地

390
00:17:46,498 --> 00:17:51,101
equals, because I don't know what the superclass of title
=,因为我不知道标题的超类

391
00:17:51,170 --> 00:17:54,071
label, what traits it is added to
标签,它被添加到什么特征

392
00:17:54,140 --> 00:17:56,774
this accessibility element that it wants to have there,
可访问性元素,它想要,

393
00:17:56,843 --> 00:17:58,642
So I don't wanna override whatever it set,
所以我不想覆盖任何设置,

394
00:17:58,711 --> 00:18:00,044
I just wanna add my own in,
我想增加我自己的,

395
00:18:00,113 --> 00:18:03,114
So that's what I'm doing there,
这是我在做什么,

396
00:18:03,182 --> 00:18:07,918
Next, let's look at this cell and the shuffle, and
接下来,让我们看看这个细胞和洗牌,和

397
00:18:07,987 --> 00:18:09,453
delete button,
删除按钮,

398
00:18:09,522 --> 00:18:13,357
So I need to add accessibility labels for
所以我需要添加可访问性标签

399
00:18:13,426 --> 00:18:15,893
these and come here and say
这些和来这里说

400
00:18:15,961 --> 00:18:20,064
shuffleButton,accessibilityLa- bel,
shuffleButton accessibilityLa -贝尔,

401
00:18:22,101 --> 00:18:24,701
Shuffle seems like a reasonable label to give it,
洗牌似乎是一个合理的标签给它,

402
00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:29,841
I'm gonna say delete button equals delete,
等于删除,点击删除按钮

403
00:18:31,577 --> 00:18:34,845
This seems to convey to me what exactly these buttons
这似乎传达我究竟这些按钮

404
00:18:34,914 --> 00:18:36,147
are supposed to do,
是应该做的,

405
00:18:36,215 --> 00:18:38,349
And finally, I'm gonna come to this collection view cell
最后,我要来到这个集合视图细胞

406
00:18:38,417 --> 00:18:40,518
to have this question and answer,
这个问题和答案,

407
00:18:40,586 --> 00:18:41,752
What I'm gonna do here
我要做什么

408
00:18:43,890 --> 00:18:49,393
is override these methods or these properties,
是覆盖这些方法或属性,

409
00:18:49,461 --> 00:18:51,095
So I'm gonna override this accessibility element to
所以我要覆盖此可访问性元素

410
00:18:51,164 --> 00:18:53,764
always return true on the cell itself so
始终返回true细胞本身

411
00:18:53,832 --> 00:18:56,000
that the entire cell has the accessibility element
整个单元的可访问性元素

412
00:18:56,068 --> 00:18:57,301
instead of each individual label,
而不是每个标签,

413
00:18:57,369 --> 00:19:01,471
I'm gonna set the label to return Question,
我要设置标签返回的问题,

414
00:19:01,540 --> 00:19:03,374
then the question's text,
问题的文本,

415
00:19:03,443 --> 00:19:05,543
Answer, and then the answer's text,
回答,然后答案的文本,

416
00:19:05,611 --> 00:19:07,611
And I'm going to add the button trait to it because
我要添加按钮特质,因为

417
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:10,414
that cell is a button where I can go in and edit the card,
细胞是一个按钮,我可以编辑卡,

418
00:19:11,917 --> 00:19:14,018
And I need to convey that to the user,
我需要传达给用户,

419
00:19:16,255 --> 00:19:17,255
So let's build this,
所以让我们构建这个,

420
00:19:19,358 --> 00:19:20,191
Notecards,
卡片,

421
00:19:22,795 --> 00:19:26,129
[SOUND] Notecards, collections heading,
[声音]卡片,集合,

422
00:19:26,198 --> 00:19:27,197
So I've got the header trait,
我有头特征,

423
00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:32,836
Tab physics shuffle button delete button,
选项卡物理洗牌按钮删除按钮,

424
00:19:32,905 --> 00:19:34,638
Both buttons have the right labels,
两个按钮有正确的标签,

425
00:19:34,707 --> 00:19:38,942
Trivia, link trivia, trivia question: the phrase "Let them
琐事、链接琐事花絮的问题:“让他们

426
00:19:39,011 --> 00:19:41,945
eat cake" is commonly attributed to whom?
吃蛋糕”通常被归功于谁?

427
00:19:42,014 --> 00:19:44,448
Answer Queen Marie Antoinette,
回答玛丽·安托瓦内特王后,

428
00:19:44,517 --> 00:19:47,417
So, I've got it behaving exactly as I want it,
我有它的行为就像我想要的,

429
00:19:47,486 --> 00:19:50,220
just a few simple lines of code,
几行简单的代码,

430
00:19:50,289 --> 00:19:53,023
That's just a couple examples of some of the issues that you
这只是几个例子,你的一些问题

431
00:19:53,092 --> 00:19:54,325
might find in your own apps,
可能会发现在您自己的应用程序,

432
00:19:55,528 --> 00:19:58,129
So I'm gonna go back, to my account,
所以我要回去,我的账户,

433
00:20:00,933 --> 00:20:06,069
I also would like to touch on- VoiceOver off,
我也想触摸——画外音,

434
00:20:06,138 --> 00:20:08,906
The idea of containers,
容器的想法,

435
00:20:08,975 --> 00:20:11,042
So aside from the attributes,
所以除了属性,

436
00:20:12,711 --> 00:20:16,113
We also have the accessibility container protocol,
我们也有可访问性容器协议,

437
00:20:16,182 --> 00:20:17,648
So let's say that I am the engineer who has been
假设我是工程师

438
00:20:17,716 --> 00:20:20,150
tasked with coding this view in the Calendar app,
负责编码这一观点的日历应用程序,

439
00:20:20,219 --> 00:20:21,618
it's the year view,
今年看来,

440
00:20:21,687 --> 00:20:25,156
And I've decided that I am going to design this view so
我已经决定我要设计这一观点

441
00:20:25,225 --> 00:20:29,093
that each week is its own custom UIView,
每周都是自己的自定义UIView,

442
00:20:29,162 --> 00:20:31,561
And within that UIView's drawRect method,
和在UIView绘制矩形的方法中,

443
00:20:31,630 --> 00:20:35,232
I'm going to explicitly draw all the days of the week,
我要明确画出所有的日子,

444
00:20:35,301 --> 00:20:38,035
Now because those views that I've drawn aren't standard
现在因为这些观点,我画的不是标准

445
00:20:38,104 --> 00:20:39,337
UIKit views,
UIKit视图,

446
00:20:39,405 --> 00:20:42,106
they don't inherit accessibility by default,
他们不继承访问默认情况下,

447
00:20:42,175 --> 00:20:46,043
And I don't really have an easy way of setting
我没有一个简单的方法设置

448
00:20:46,112 --> 00:20:48,246
the accessibility properties on each of them,
每个人都可访问性属性,

449
00:20:50,182 --> 00:20:50,948
But what we'd like for
但是我们想要的

450
00:20:51,017 --> 00:20:53,984
them to be is visible to VoiceOver one day at a time,
他们是可见的画外音一天一次,

451
00:20:54,053 --> 00:20:56,920
And so that I can navigate them day by day and
所以,我可以每天和导航

452
00:20:56,989 --> 00:20:59,656
get a description for each day at a time,
每天一次,得到一个描述

453
00:20:59,725 --> 00:21:01,458
rather than each week at a time,
而不是一次每周,

454
00:21:01,527 --> 00:21:04,795
So I need to do is create a set of accessibility elements
所以我需要做的是创建一组可访问性元素

455
00:21:04,864 --> 00:21:07,364
from scratch that overlay these day views and
从头视图和覆盖这些天

456
00:21:07,433 --> 00:21:10,700
return them as sub-elements of my accessibility, or
返回我的易访问性作为子元素,或

457
00:21:10,769 --> 00:21:12,503
of my week view container,
我的星期视图容器,

458
00:21:14,540 --> 00:21:16,573
So what does that look like in code?
代码中看起来像什么?

459
00:21:16,642 --> 00:21:19,710
Well, I have this MyWeekView class,
好吧,我有这个MyWeekView类,

460
00:21:19,779 --> 00:21:22,913
Which I'm going to explicitly say is not an accessibility
我要明确地说不是一个可访问性

461
00:21:22,982 --> 00:21:26,150
element, because I instead want VoiceOver to go through
元素,而是因为我想让画外音

462
00:21:26,219 --> 00:21:29,320
and find the sub-elements of it that are accessible,
访问并找到它的子元素,

463
00:21:31,690 --> 00:21:34,625
And I'm going to create an array of elements that
我要创建一个数组的元素

464
00:21:34,694 --> 00:21:37,661
are UIAccessibilityElement,
UIAccessibilityElement,

465
00:21:37,730 --> 00:21:39,797
I'm going to iterate over the days of the week that
我要遍历的一周的日子

466
00:21:39,866 --> 00:21:41,432
are in that week,
在那一周,

467
00:21:41,501 --> 00:21:44,401
And for each one I'm going to create an accessibility
为每一个和我要创建一个可访问性

468
00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:47,537
element, with the accessibility container set
与可访问性容器元素,集

469
00:21:47,606 --> 00:21:50,207
as myself, because I'm the one that contains it,
作为我自己,因为我是一个包含它,

470
00:21:50,276 --> 00:21:52,776
I'm going to set its label to be something
我要设置它的标签

471
00:21:52,844 --> 00:21:53,677
sensible for that day,
明智的那一天,

472
00:21:53,746 --> 00:21:55,913
And now I'm going to set this property
现在我要设置该属性

473
00:21:55,982 --> 00:21:58,648
accessibilityFrameInContainer- Space,
accessibilityFrameInContainer——空间,

474
00:21:58,717 --> 00:22:01,618
Now, this is crucial because it indicates to VoiceOver
现在,这是至关重要的,因为它表明画外音

475
00:22:01,687 --> 00:22:04,721
where the element is on the screen, so that when I'm
在屏幕上的元素,所以当我吗

476
00:22:04,790 --> 00:22:09,760
panning around with my finger VoiceOver knows where it is,
平移在我的手指画外音知道它在哪里,

477
00:22:09,828 --> 00:22:12,863
So if my finger is over it, it can describe it to me and
如果我的手指,它可以描述它对我

478
00:22:12,931 --> 00:22:14,965
see that I'm trying to focus on that element,
看到我想关注的元素,

479
00:22:15,033 --> 00:22:17,368
It's also what VoiceOver uses to draw the bounding box,
这也是什么画外音用来绘制边界框,

480
00:22:19,805 --> 00:22:23,073
And in case you couldn't tell this frame should be in
如果你不能告诉这个框架应该在

481
00:22:23,142 --> 00:22:24,809
the coordinate space of its container,
坐标空间的容器,

482
00:22:26,278 --> 00:22:30,681
So once I do that, I'll pan the element to my array of
一旦我这样做,我将锅里的元素的数组

483
00:22:30,750 --> 00:22:33,650
accessibility elements, and then, I will set the property
可访问性的元素,然后,我将设置的属性

484
00:22:33,719 --> 00:22:37,488
on MyWeekView accessibility elements to be those elements,
这些元素MyWeekView可访问性元素,

485
00:22:37,556 --> 00:22:41,325
And what this says is these are all my accessible
这说的是这些都是我的访问

486
00:22:41,394 --> 00:22:45,228
sub-elements and VoiceOver should navigate them
子元素和画外音应该浏览它们

487
00:22:45,297 --> 00:22:48,065
in the order that I returned them in this array,
我返回这个数组的顺序,

488
00:22:49,868 --> 00:22:52,202
So, let's take a look at adding that to my sample app,
所以,让我们看一看,我的样本应用程序,

489
00:22:52,271 --> 00:22:55,106
Let me go back over here,
让我回到这里,

490
00:22:56,976 --> 00:22:58,008
And turn the VoiceOver back on,
打开配音,

491
00:22:58,077 --> 00:23:02,479
VoiceOver on now,
画外音在现在,

492
00:23:02,548 --> 00:23:03,814
So you may have wondered
所以你可能不知道

493
00:23:03,883 --> 00:23:05,582
what this shuffle button actually does,
实际上这个洗牌按钮,

494
00:23:05,651 --> 00:23:09,286
Well, it shuffles the cards in the deck and puts them up so
它打乱卡片在甲板上,使它们

495
00:23:09,354 --> 00:23:09,886
I can test them,
我可以测试他们,

496
00:23:09,955 --> 00:23:14,257
Shuffle trivia heading,
洗牌小标题,

497
00:23:14,326 --> 00:23:15,426
And what I have down here,
我在这里,

498
00:23:15,495 --> 00:23:19,163
this little circle view is just a little UI to
这个小圆的观点只是一个小的UI

499
00:23:19,231 --> 00:23:22,099
indicate to me how far I am through the deck,
告诉我多少我穿过甲板,

500
00:23:22,167 --> 00:23:25,369
So if I go to the next card for instance- Next question,
例如如果我进入下一个卡片,下一个问题,

501
00:23:25,437 --> 00:23:28,205
It's increasing because I'm filling out the circle
增加因为我填写这个圆

502
00:23:28,274 --> 00:23:29,974
with how many cards I've done,
我做了有多少卡,

503
00:23:30,042 --> 00:23:31,909
However if I stay to swipe to it,
但是如果我留下来刷,

504
00:23:31,977 --> 00:23:34,544
Next question, from next question,
下一个问题,从下一个问题,

505
00:23:34,613 --> 00:23:36,013
I hear a bonk and
我听到一个性交

506
00:23:36,081 --> 00:23:40,083
try to run my finger I'm also hearing a bonk,
尝试运行我的手指,我还听到一个性交,

507
00:23:40,152 --> 00:23:43,186
So what that indicates is that when I swiped and
这表明当我刷卡

508
00:23:43,255 --> 00:23:46,590
did it it means there's nothing left on the screen for
它意味着没有什么离开在屏幕上吗

509
00:23:46,658 --> 00:23:49,093
VoiceOver to swipe to you've hit the last element,
画外音来刷你打最后一个元素,

510
00:23:49,161 --> 00:23:50,961
And when I'm running my finger over it means that there's
当我运行它意味着有我的手指

511
00:23:51,030 --> 00:23:53,797
nothing below my finger that is an accessible element,
不低于我的手指是一个访问元素,

512
00:23:53,866 --> 00:23:56,900
But we'd really like that to be accessible to VoiceOver
但我们真的想画外音都可以访问

513
00:23:56,969 --> 00:23:59,837
users, so they can track their progress through this stack,
用户,这样他们就可以通过这个堆栈跟踪他们的进展,

514
00:23:59,905 --> 00:24:01,004
And so we're gonna use
所以我们要使用

515
00:24:01,073 --> 00:24:05,109
accessibility elements to accomplish this,
可访问性元素来实现这个目标,

516
00:24:05,178 --> 00:24:07,911
So I'm gonna come back over to my code,
所以我要回来到我的代码,

517
00:24:07,980 --> 00:24:09,913
I'm gonna go to this ShuffleStatusView,
我要去这个ShuffleStatusView,

518
00:24:09,982 --> 00:24:12,616
which is where I've done the drawing of this circle,
这是我做的画圆,

519
00:24:15,454 --> 00:24:16,954
I'm gonna copy and paste,
我要复制粘贴,

520
00:24:22,561 --> 00:24:24,528
So, what I've done here is I've created
所以,我在这里所做的是我创建的

521
00:24:24,597 --> 00:24:27,731
an AccessibilityElement with myself as the container,
一个AccessibilityElement以自己为容器,

522
00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:30,901
I set its label to be card, whatever the current card
我设置它的标签卡,无论当前卡

523
00:24:30,970 --> 00:24:33,937
number is, of the total amount of cards,
号码是,总额的卡片,

524
00:24:34,006 --> 00:24:36,072
I've set its accessibilityFrame
我设置其accessibilityFrame

525
00:24:36,141 --> 00:24:37,875
to be the frame of the circle,
圆的框架,

526
00:24:37,944 --> 00:24:40,411
And in my AccessibilityElements because
在我AccessibilityElements因为

527
00:24:40,479 --> 00:24:41,412
the previous and
前面的,

528
00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:44,114
next button are also part of the StatusView,
next按钮也StatusView的一部分,

529
00:24:44,183 --> 00:24:47,083
I don't want them to be left out from VoiceOver,
我不想让他们从画外音被排除在外,

530
00:24:47,152 --> 00:24:48,885
So I'm gonna also include those in my
所以我要还包括那些在我

531
00:24:48,954 --> 00:24:51,621
AccessibilityElements along with the new element that
AccessibilityElements随着新元素

532
00:24:51,690 --> 00:24:52,656
I've just created,
我刚刚创建的,

533
00:24:52,725 --> 00:24:55,425
So let's see if that worked,
让我们看看如果工作,

534
00:24:55,494 --> 00:24:58,329
NoteCards, NoteCards, collect,
收集卡片,卡片,

535
00:24:58,397 --> 00:25:03,100
shuffle button, shuffle, trivia, previous question,
调整按钮,洗牌,琐事,先前的问题,

536
00:25:03,169 --> 00:25:04,368
I've got my previous button,
我有我以前的按钮,

537
00:25:07,373 --> 00:25:12,175
Next question, problem, part one of nine,
下一个问题,问题,部分的九个,

538
00:25:12,244 --> 00:25:14,211
So now it's become accessible,
现在可以访问,

539
00:25:14,279 --> 00:25:18,048
And pretty easy, not too many lines of code,
很简单,没有太多行代码,

540
00:25:18,116 --> 00:25:19,383
We can go back,
我们可以回去,

541
00:25:21,687 --> 00:25:24,321
So I'd like to change gears for a minute, and
所以我想改变齿轮一会儿,和

542
00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:28,792
talk a little bit about some visual accommodations that you
谈谈一些你的视觉住宿

543
00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:30,594
should be aware of when you're designing your app,
应该意识到当你设计你的应用时,

544
00:25:31,897 --> 00:25:34,364
So the first thing is color,
首先是颜色,

545
00:25:34,433 --> 00:25:37,701
Color is a useful means of differentiating information,
颜色是一种有用的微分信息,

546
00:25:37,769 --> 00:25:40,537
but if it's the sole differentiator
但如果这是唯一的区别

547
00:25:40,606 --> 00:25:43,139
then users who are colorblind won't be able to fully
然后用户色盲无法完全

548
00:25:43,208 --> 00:25:44,974
understand the user interface,
理解用户界面,

549
00:25:45,043 --> 00:25:47,644
So, take for example this view in Mail,
所以,例如这一观点在邮件,

550
00:25:47,712 --> 00:25:50,714
Our designers wanted the unread and
我们的设计师想要读

551
00:25:50,783 --> 00:25:54,184
flagged messages to be differentiated apart from each
分化标记消息除了

552
00:25:54,253 --> 00:25:58,288
other with circle views that are of a particular color,
其他与圆视图的一个特定的颜色,

553
00:25:58,356 --> 00:26:01,691
But to a colorblind user, they can't tell the difference,
但一个色盲的用户,他们不能区分,

554
00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:05,695
So what we did, is we added a setting in Mail so that you
我们所做的,我们添加了一个邮件,以便您的设置

555
00:26:05,764 --> 00:26:10,533
can change flag messages to use shape and color,
可以改变国旗消息使用形状和颜色,

556
00:26:10,602 --> 00:26:14,204
And what this does is it uses both color and shape to convey
这是它使用两个颜色和形状来传达

557
00:26:14,272 --> 00:26:16,906
meaning so that no user has to be left out,
意思,没有用户必须离开,

558
00:26:16,975 --> 00:26:19,576
So, if you're writing an app that uses color to
因此,如果您正在编写一个应用程序,它使用颜色

559
00:26:19,644 --> 00:26:20,343
convey meaning,
传达的意思,

560
00:26:20,412 --> 00:26:22,046
then you should consider doing something similar,
然后你应该考虑做类似的事情,

561
00:26:23,949 --> 00:26:26,850
Now color can also be too bright, distracting, and
现在的颜色也可以太亮,分散注意力

562
00:26:26,919 --> 00:26:28,585
contrast and transparency and
对比和透明度和

563
00:26:28,653 --> 00:26:32,222
blurring can all have negative impacts on legibility for
模糊可以在易读性都有负面影响

564
00:26:32,291 --> 00:26:34,891
people that have certain vision conditions,
人有一定的视觉条件下,

565
00:26:34,960 --> 00:26:37,427
This is the default control center on iOS and
这是默认在iOS和控制中心

566
00:26:37,496 --> 00:26:40,330
as you can see color bleeds through from behind and
正如你所看到的颜色通过从后面和出血

567
00:26:40,399 --> 00:26:43,233
is blurred by the control center's background,
由控制中心的背景模糊,

568
00:26:43,302 --> 00:26:45,402
But if I turn on the darken colors and
但是如果我打开加深颜色

569
00:26:45,471 --> 00:26:47,370
reduce transparency setting,
降低透明度设置,

570
00:26:47,439 --> 00:26:51,941
we no longer get those colors bleeding through from behind,
我们不再把那些颜色流血通过从后面,

571
00:26:52,010 --> 00:26:53,777
And the contrast between the colors and
和颜色之间的对比

572
00:26:53,846 --> 00:26:55,846
the lighter background is much more stark,
较轻的背景更加鲜明,

573
00:26:55,914 --> 00:26:58,482
which means that it's a lot more readable to those users
这意味着用户更多的可读吗

574
00:26:58,550 --> 00:27:00,850
that have those vision conditions,
这些视觉条件,

575
00:27:00,919 --> 00:27:03,854
So you can check whether things like these are enabled
所以你可以检查是否启用了这样的事情

576
00:27:03,922 --> 00:27:06,523
through these two UIKit functions,
通过这两个UIKit功能,

577
00:27:06,591 --> 00:27:09,693
And this way, you can adapt your interface to the needs
和这种方式,您可以调整您的接口需求

578
00:27:09,761 --> 00:27:12,496
of your users rather than having to try and create
用户而不是尝试和创造

579
00:27:12,564 --> 00:27:16,066
some design that, from the get go, applies to everybody,
一些设计的,适用于每个人,

580
00:27:18,503 --> 00:27:21,071
Now for this next one, I'm going to say that anybody in
现在下一个,我说任何人

581
00:27:21,140 --> 00:27:23,840
the room who gets motion sick from phone animation should
房间里谁从手机动画应该运动病

582
00:27:23,909 --> 00:27:26,042
probably look away for a second,
可能去寻找第二个,

583
00:27:26,111 --> 00:27:27,911
Device is gonna show these standard
设备会显示这些标准

584
00:27:27,979 --> 00:27:30,047
app opening animation,
应用程序打开动画,

585
00:27:30,116 --> 00:27:32,282
So you can see that when I tap on music,
所以你可以看到,当我点击音乐,

586
00:27:32,351 --> 00:27:34,884
the app expands from its place on the dock, and
应用扩展其在码头,和

587
00:27:34,953 --> 00:27:38,154
the screen swoops in to center on it,
屏幕上俯冲而下,中心,

588
00:27:38,223 --> 00:27:40,623
But if I turn on the reduce motion setting,
但是如果我打开设置,减少运动

589
00:27:40,692 --> 00:27:43,193
I instead get this cross fade,
我得到这个交叉混合,而是

590
00:27:43,262 --> 00:27:46,864
So there are certain people with vestibular disorders
所以有一定的前庭障碍患者

591
00:27:46,932 --> 00:27:50,934
that can be triggered by complex motion which most
可以由最复杂的运动

592
00:27:51,002 --> 00:27:54,271
often results in things like nausea and dizziness,
往往导致恶心和头晕,

593
00:27:54,339 --> 00:27:57,407
So you should be mindful of any animations in your app,
所以你应该注意你的应用程序的任何动画,

594
00:27:57,476 --> 00:28:00,544
particularly if they cause a lot of movement or
特别是如果他们造成很多运动或

595
00:28:00,613 --> 00:28:03,113
are unexpected in some way,
在某种程度上意想不到的,

596
00:28:03,181 --> 00:28:05,715
You should consider enabling an alternative
你应该考虑启用另一种选择

597
00:28:05,784 --> 00:28:08,852
animation when this setting is enabled which you can check
动画启用该设置时,你可以检查

598
00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:09,953
through a similar UIKit function,
通过一个类似UIKit函数,

599
00:28:12,724 --> 00:28:14,391
Now the final visual accommodation that I'd like
我想现在最后视觉调节

600
00:28:14,460 --> 00:28:17,594
to talk about today relates to typography, and
谈论今天与排版

601
00:28:17,663 --> 00:28:20,430
it's dynamic type which is a feature in iOS that allows
这是动态类型iOS中一个功能,允许

602
00:28:20,499 --> 00:28:22,299
a user to scale their font,
用户规模的字体,

603
00:28:22,368 --> 00:28:24,535
And I believe you touched on it very briefly,
我相信你感动很短暂,

604
00:28:26,138 --> 00:28:29,339
There are many users out there who struggle to use devices
有许多用户很难使用设备

605
00:28:29,407 --> 00:28:32,442
because the type is so small, or so thin that it ends up
因为类型是如此之小,薄,最终

606
00:28:32,511 --> 00:28:35,111
blurring together, and they can't read it,
模糊起来,他们不能读它,

607
00:28:35,180 --> 00:28:38,582
And this applies to people with low vision conditions,
这适用于低视力患者的条件,

608
00:28:38,651 --> 00:28:41,718
but it also applies to people whose vision is simply
但它也适用于人的愿景是简单

609
00:28:41,787 --> 00:28:43,420
deteriorated from age, or
从年龄、恶化或

610
00:28:43,489 --> 00:28:46,223
people who simply need to wear glasses,
人只需要戴眼镜,

611
00:28:46,292 --> 00:28:48,925
So, Dynamic Type is meant to help adapt these
因此,动态类型是为了帮助适应这些

612
00:28:48,994 --> 00:28:50,327
people's devices to their needs,
人们对他们的需求的设备,

613
00:28:50,396 --> 00:28:54,865
Now on the left you see the standard Mail inbox interface
现在左边你会看到标准的邮件收件箱界面

614
00:28:54,933 --> 00:28:55,599
with the default text,
使用默认文本,

615
00:28:55,667 --> 00:28:58,968
And on the right I've scaled it up several levels,
我右边的按比例缩小的多个层面,

616
00:28:59,037 --> 00:28:59,836
And as you can see,
正如你所看到的,

617
00:28:59,904 --> 00:29:02,372
the interface has adapted itself and the layout as well
接口已经适应了本身和布局

618
00:29:02,441 --> 00:29:05,341
to accommodate the larger text size,
以适应更大的文本大小,

619
00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:07,811
The most common way that you're gonna get this behavior
最常见的方式,你会得到这种行为

620
00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:11,882
is by using this method preferredFont(forTextStyle,
通过使用这种方法preferredFont(forTextStyle,

621
00:29:11,950 --> 00:29:13,751
which is a class method on UIFont,
这是一个类方法UIFont,

622
00:29:14,986 --> 00:29:17,220
When you set the font of a UILabel or
当你设置字体UILabel或

623
00:29:17,288 --> 00:29:20,958
UITextView, using this method, the font will be scaled to
UITextView,使用这种方法,字体将被推广

624
00:29:21,026 --> 00:29:24,060
the user's preference using the system font,
用户的偏好使用系统字体,

625
00:29:24,129 --> 00:29:26,730
And what you do is you pass through a TextStyle, which
和你要做的就是通过TextStyle,

626
00:29:26,798 --> 00:29:29,565
indicates what the general purpose of the text is,
显示文本的一般目的是什么,

627
00:29:29,634 --> 00:29:33,036
So titles are large and body is a more standard size,
所以标题是大型和身体是一个标准尺寸,

628
00:29:33,105 --> 00:29:36,073
There are these eight distinct styles that you can pass this
有这八截然不同的风格,你可以通过这个

629
00:29:36,141 --> 00:29:39,009
method and each of them have pre-defined point sizes and
方法和每个人都有预定义的点大小和

630
00:29:39,077 --> 00:29:40,310
weight sizes to them,
尺寸,重量

631
00:29:42,414 --> 00:29:45,215
So, let's look at some code where I used that,
所以,让我们来看看一些代码,我使用,

632
00:29:45,284 --> 00:29:48,118
So let's say I have MyLabelView which is
假设我有MyLabelView就是

633
00:29:48,187 --> 00:29:50,987
a custom UIView, and it has a sub label or
自定义UIView,子标签或

634
00:29:51,056 --> 00:29:53,556
a sub view that is of class UILabel,
子视图的UILabel类,

635
00:29:53,625 --> 00:29:56,293
Now in my init method, I'm going to init that label,
现在我在init方法,我要初始化标签,

636
00:29:56,362 --> 00:29:58,828
Now, I'm gonna set its number of lines to be 0,
现在,我要设置它的行数为0,

637
00:29:58,897 --> 00:30:02,232
And what this indicates to the UILabel, is that it doesn't
这表明UILabel,是它不

638
00:30:02,301 --> 00:30:05,201
need to be limited to any specific number of lines,
需要限制在任何特定的行数,

639
00:30:05,270 --> 00:30:07,570
It can actually grow to an unbounded number of lines,
它可以长到一个无界的行数,

640
00:30:07,639 --> 00:30:10,440
Which is important when I'm growing the text size because
这是很重要的因为当我越来越多的文本尺寸的

641
00:30:10,508 --> 00:30:13,376
as I get bigger and bigger, it's likelier, it's more and
当我越来越大,更有可能,它是越来越

642
00:30:13,445 --> 00:30:16,012
more likely that I'm not gonna be able to fit whatever
更有可能的是,我无法适应

643
00:30:16,081 --> 00:30:17,581
text I have on a single line,
文字在一行,

644
00:30:19,985 --> 00:30:23,720
Now I also need to set adjustsFontForContentSizeCate-
现在我还需要设置adjustsFontForContentSizeCate -

645
00:30:23,788 --> 00:30:27,524
gory to be true, and what this does is it tells the label
血淋淋的是真实的,这是它讲述了标签

646
00:30:27,592 --> 00:30:30,927
that when the user has changed their font size and
当用户改变了他们的字体大小和

647
00:30:30,996 --> 00:30:35,565
my app is opened in the background, I need to update,
我的程序在后台打开,我需要更新,

648
00:30:35,633 --> 00:30:38,569
The label needs to update itself to match whatever
标签需要更新本身来匹配

649
00:30:38,637 --> 00:30:41,872
the new font that I've changed my size to is,
新字体,于是我改变了大小,

650
00:30:43,842 --> 00:30:46,009
And then I am going to use that preferredFont
然后我要用这个preferredFont

651
00:30:46,078 --> 00:30:46,843
forTextStyle,
forTextStyle,

652
00:30:46,912 --> 00:30:48,744
Probably just gonna use body,
可能只是用身体,

653
00:30:48,813 --> 00:30:52,482
because it's standard in this case and then add my subview,
因为它是标准的在这种情况下,然后添加我的子视图,

654
00:30:52,550 --> 00:30:55,485
Now, what do you do in the case where you wanna use
现在,你会怎么做如果你想使用

655
00:30:55,554 --> 00:30:58,355
a custom point size when you're at the default
一个自定义点当你在默认大小

656
00:30:58,423 --> 00:30:59,156
text size?
文本大小?

657
00:30:59,225 --> 00:31:01,457
Or you even wanna use a custom font but
甚至你想使用一个自定义字体

658
00:31:01,526 --> 00:31:02,926
you still wanna support dynamic type,
你仍然想支持动态类型,

659
00:31:04,229 --> 00:31:05,762
I did this in my own sample app,
我在我自己的样例应用程序,

660
00:31:05,831 --> 00:31:08,097
it uses the boldSystemFontOfSize method,
它使用boldSystemFontOfSize方法,

661
00:31:08,166 --> 00:31:10,600
which is not going to automatically be scaled to
它不会自动缩放

662
00:31:10,668 --> 00:31:12,135
the user's preference,
用户的偏好,

663
00:31:13,705 --> 00:31:16,973
So, what I'm gonna do is I'm going to take advantage of
所以,我要做的就是我要利用

664
00:31:17,042 --> 00:31:21,879
this property on UIApplication preferredContestSizeCategory,
这个属性在UIApplication preferredContestSizeCategory,

665
00:31:22,848 --> 00:31:24,113
And what this tells me,
这告诉我,

666
00:31:24,182 --> 00:31:26,450
is what the user has currently set their font to,
是目前用户设置的字体,

667
00:31:28,653 --> 00:31:35,124
Now there are seven distinct size categories at default,
现在有七个不同的大小类别违约,

668
00:31:35,193 --> 00:31:37,661
The large size is the default size on iOS,
大号的是iOS上默认大小,

669
00:31:39,031 --> 00:31:42,899
But there are also five more accessibility sizes and
但也有五个可访问性大小和

670
00:31:42,968 --> 00:31:46,536
located in accessibility settings that can make
位于易访问性设置

671
00:31:46,605 --> 00:31:48,872
the text really, really big,
文本非常大,

672
00:31:48,940 --> 00:31:52,409
So what would my code for something like this look like?
我的代码,这样看起来像什么?

673
00:31:52,478 --> 00:31:56,045
Well, I'd probably create some sort of NSObject like
嗯,我可能会创建一些NSObject像

674
00:31:56,114 --> 00:31:59,248
MyFontManager, that will be an object that will manage all
MyFontManager,那将是一个对象,将管理所有

675
00:31:59,317 --> 00:32:02,219
the fonts for my app so that I can run everything through it,
字体为我的应用程序,这样我可以通过它运行一切,

676
00:32:03,656 --> 00:32:06,289
And then I'd have some method like this,
然后我有一些方法,

677
00:32:06,358 --> 00:32:10,927
where I'd use a fontSize variable and write a switch
我使用一个字形大小变量和写一个开关呢

678
00:32:10,996 --> 00:32:14,197
statement that changes the value of the fontSize based
声明,基于改变字形大小的值

679
00:32:14,266 --> 00:32:17,734
on what my sizeCategory is set to, to some sensible value,
什么我的sizeCategory将一些合理的值,

680
00:32:17,802 --> 00:32:20,303
I mean to do that for every case,
我的意思是,每一个案例中,

681
00:32:20,372 --> 00:32:22,605
And then I'm gonna use whatever the method
然后我将使用的方法

682
00:32:22,674 --> 00:32:25,375
I was going to use before, like systemFont(ofSize: or
我要使用之前,像systemFont(ofSize:或

683
00:32:25,444 --> 00:32:28,445
my custom font or boldSystemFont(ofSize:
我的自定义字体或boldSystemFont(ofSize:

684
00:32:28,514 --> 00:32:31,281
using whatever size I determined was appropriate for
我决定使用任何大小是合适的

685
00:32:31,350 --> 00:32:32,482
the current size class,
当前大小类,

686
00:32:34,252 --> 00:32:39,556
Now it's also important that I register myself to listen for
现在也很重要,我自己注册监听

687
00:32:39,624 --> 00:32:42,125
the UIContentSizeCategoryDidChange
的UIContentSizeCategoryDidChange

688
00:32:42,194 --> 00:32:42,992
notification,
通知,

689
00:32:43,061 --> 00:32:45,428
Because I'm no longer using that preferred font for
因为我不再使用首选的字体

690
00:32:45,496 --> 00:32:48,831
text style method so all my views aren't gonna know that
文本样式的方法所以我的观点不会知道

691
00:32:48,900 --> 00:32:51,968
they need to update themselves when the font size changes,
他们需要更新自己当字体大小变化时,

692
00:32:52,036 --> 00:32:55,372
So I'm gonna register myself as an observer on this
所以我要自己注册一个观察者

693
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:59,408
notification and just write a method that updates
通知和写一个更新的方法

694
00:32:59,477 --> 00:33:01,078
my fonts in some sort of sensible way,
我的字体以某种合理的方式,

695
00:33:02,814 --> 00:33:05,749
So let's move for the final time to my demo app,
让我们最后一次我的演示应用程序,

696
00:33:05,818 --> 00:33:08,185
and see what it's like with dynamic type,
用动态类型,看看是什么样子的

697
00:33:10,088 --> 00:33:13,090
Now for this, I'm actually gonna exit full screen,
现在,我真的要退出全屏,

698
00:33:17,162 --> 00:33:21,698
And I'm going to bring up this tool in Xcode called
我要把这个工具在Xcode中调用

699
00:33:21,767 --> 00:33:24,668
the Accessibility Inspector,
可访问性检查,

700
00:33:24,736 --> 00:33:27,870
Now this is a super useful tool that I don't really have
这是一个非常有用的工具,我真的没有

701
00:33:27,939 --> 00:33:31,040
time to go in to today about how you can use it,
时间去今天如何使用它,

702
00:33:31,109 --> 00:33:34,477
But, it's an app that's built into Xcode that allows you to
但是,这是一个建在Xcode,允许您的应用程序

703
00:33:34,546 --> 00:33:36,213
audit your own application for
审计自己的申请

704
00:33:36,281 --> 00:33:38,314
all of its accessibility problems,
所有的可访问性问题,

705
00:33:38,383 --> 00:33:41,284
And there's a great video from last year's WWDC that you can
有一个伟大的视频从去年的WWDC可以

706
00:33:41,353 --> 00:33:43,787
find on the developer website to go through exactly
开发者网站上发现的经过

707
00:33:43,855 --> 00:33:44,887
how you used this app,
你如何使用这个应用程序,

708
00:33:44,956 --> 00:33:48,558
which I will have a link to at the end of the presentation,
我将有一个链接到结束的时候,

709
00:33:48,627 --> 00:33:51,427
But for now, I'm going to attach to my phone and
但是现在,我要把我的电话

710
00:33:51,496 --> 00:33:54,531
simply use it to change the font size dynamically so
简单地使用它动态地更改字体大小

711
00:33:54,599 --> 00:33:57,867
that you can see what happens on the screen, what I do,
在屏幕上你可以看到发生了什么,我做什么,

712
00:33:57,936 --> 00:34:00,704
So I'm gonna come to my stack of cards, and
所以我要来参加我的卡片,和

713
00:34:00,773 --> 00:34:04,374
I can see that the number of
我可以看到很多

714
00:34:04,443 --> 00:34:08,144
lines is already set to zero because this label is growing
行已经设置为0,因为这个标签正在增长

715
00:34:08,213 --> 00:34:11,380
based on how much text I have there as I want it to,
基于文本多少我有我想要的,

716
00:34:11,449 --> 00:34:12,748
But we're gonna see,
但我们要看到,

717
00:34:12,817 --> 00:34:15,518
is as I change this value here with the slider,
是我改变这个值与滑块,

718
00:34:15,587 --> 00:34:18,622
my text isn't updating at all, the content size,
我的文字不更新,内容的大小,

719
00:34:18,690 --> 00:34:19,723
So something is wrong,
所以的东西是错误的,

720
00:34:20,892 --> 00:34:24,194
So I'm gonna come over here to MyFontManager,
所以我要来这里MyFontManager,

721
00:34:28,066 --> 00:34:29,832
And I'm gonna go look at my appFont method and
我要去看我的appFont方法和

722
00:34:29,901 --> 00:34:31,468
I see the problem immediately,
我立刻发现问题,

723
00:34:31,536 --> 00:34:34,504
I'm not adapting myself to what the preferred contentSize
我不适应自己首选contentSize

724
00:34:34,573 --> 00:34:36,673
is and I'm not using the preferred font for
我不使用首选的字体吗

725
00:34:36,742 --> 00:34:37,841
text style method,
文本样式的方法,

726
00:34:46,785 --> 00:34:51,420
So I'm gonna replace that, With this,
所以我要更换,,

727
00:34:51,489 --> 00:34:53,456
which takes this size and,
以这个尺寸,

728
00:34:53,524 --> 00:34:57,827
based on some multiplier that I decided looks good,
基于一些乘数,我决定看起来不错,

729
00:34:57,896 --> 00:35:00,696
I'm going to modify what the font size is,
我要修改字体大小是什么,

730
00:35:00,765 --> 00:35:02,632
based on the SizeCategory,
基于SizeCategory,

731
00:35:02,701 --> 00:35:04,534
And I'm going to return that using my
我要用我的回报

732
00:35:04,603 --> 00:35:06,135
boldSystemFont(ofSize:,
boldSystemFont(ofSize:,

733
00:35:06,204 --> 00:35:07,204
Now, like I said,
现在,就像我说的,

734
00:35:07,272 --> 00:35:09,940
I also need to register for that notification, so
我也需要注册通知,

735
00:35:10,008 --> 00:35:12,775
that my view actually updates itself in real time,
实际上,我认为实时更新本身,

736
00:35:12,844 --> 00:35:14,177
So we're gonna go to that cell,
所以我们要去那个细胞,

737
00:35:16,448 --> 00:35:19,849
And I'm going to add myself as an observer,
我要添加自己作为一个观察者,

738
00:35:19,917 --> 00:35:21,785
not to put that there,
不是把,,

739
00:35:27,426 --> 00:35:29,325
And in my contentSizeCategoryChange
在我contentSizeCategoryChange

740
00:35:29,394 --> 00:35:32,129
method, I'm just going to update the fonts here,
方法,我将更新这里的字体,

741
00:35:37,235 --> 00:35:39,136
And that should work, hopefully, so let's rebuild,
这应该工作,希望让我们重建,

742
00:35:41,172 --> 00:35:42,405
So I'm gonna come back over here,
所以我要回到这里,

743
00:35:44,309 --> 00:35:45,808
I'm gonna open this and
我要打开这个

744
00:35:45,877 --> 00:35:49,545
I'm gonna bring up my Accessibility Inspector again,
我要把我的可访问性检查,

745
00:35:49,614 --> 00:35:52,849
And now as I change the size you see that it's growing
现在我改变你看到它不断增长的规模

746
00:35:52,918 --> 00:35:57,486
bigger, and bigger, until it's real, real big,
大,大,直到它是真实的,真正的大,

747
00:35:57,555 --> 00:36:00,223
And everything works exactly as I was expecting it to,
和一切工作和我预期的一样,

748
00:36:00,292 --> 00:36:02,759
And, not a huge change,
不是一个巨大的变化,

749
00:36:02,828 --> 00:36:07,630
So, I've covered several ways that you as a develop,
所以,我介绍几种方法,你开发,

750
00:36:07,699 --> 00:36:11,901
developer can make your app more accessible to people,
开发人员可以使您的应用程序更容易,

751
00:36:11,969 --> 00:36:14,937
This can actually be a great way to get your app featured
这可以成为一个伟大的方式让你的应用程序中

752
00:36:15,006 --> 00:36:15,872
on the store,
在商店,

753
00:36:15,941 --> 00:36:18,608
So we have sections that are devoted specifically to
我们有专门致力于部分

754
00:36:18,677 --> 00:36:20,409
general purpose applications,
通用的应用程序,

755
00:36:20,478 --> 00:36:21,344
That we think we've done
我们认为我们所做的一切

756
00:36:21,413 --> 00:36:23,212
a good job with their accessibility,
一份好工作的可访问性,

757
00:36:23,281 --> 00:36:25,715
For instance, this collection of apps that
例如,这个应用程序的集合

758
00:36:25,784 --> 00:36:28,117
are good to use with VoiceOver,
使用画外音是好事,

759
00:36:28,186 --> 00:36:31,554
Beyond making your own app accessible,
除了让你自己的应用程序可访问,

760
00:36:31,622 --> 00:36:35,691
there's also a whole set of apps that are aimed at
还有一整套旨在应用

761
00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:38,628
accessible users specifically,
具体来说,访问用户

762
00:36:38,696 --> 00:36:41,665
So, I'd like to run through a few of those examples with
所以,我想通过几个的例子

763
00:36:41,733 --> 00:36:43,299
you today,
你今天,

764
00:36:43,368 --> 00:36:47,237
We have knfbReader, which is an app that scans
我们knfbReader,这是一个应用程序,扫描

765
00:36:47,305 --> 00:36:50,507
text in real time, and let's users who are low vision or
实时文本,低视力或用户

766
00:36:50,576 --> 00:36:52,975
blind interact with things like paper or
盲人与纸或交互

767
00:36:53,044 --> 00:36:54,811
a restaurant menu, so they can read it,
餐厅菜单,所以他们可以阅读它,

768
00:36:56,348 --> 00:36:59,783
We have an app like Ava, which transcribes conversations in
我们有一个应用程序像艾娃,转录的对话

769
00:36:59,851 --> 00:37:02,686
real time, so that a user who's hard of hearing or
实时,这样用户的重听或

770
00:37:02,754 --> 00:37:05,454
even deaf, can follow a conversation easier,
甚至失聪,可以按照交谈变得更容易,

771
00:37:05,523 --> 00:37:08,024
And this includes a feature that actually breaks
这包括一个功能,实际上打破

772
00:37:08,093 --> 00:37:10,860
conversation down, differentiating the different
谈话下来,区分不同的

773
00:37:10,929 --> 00:37:13,530
speakers by color so I can tell who is speaking,
演讲者通过颜色我可以告诉是谁说,

774
00:37:15,300 --> 00:37:18,034
And finally we have this app, Children with Autism,
最后我们有这个程序,自闭症儿童,

775
00:37:18,102 --> 00:37:20,537
which is a visual scheduler built specifically for
这是一个视觉调度器专门为

776
00:37:20,605 --> 00:37:22,471
children with autism,
自闭症儿童,

777
00:37:22,540 --> 00:37:25,374
And allows them to be more independent and
并允许他们更独立

778
00:37:25,443 --> 00:37:27,676
understand what they need to do,
了解他们需要做什么,

779
00:37:27,745 --> 00:37:31,548
during their day as they are going along, task by task,
在天他们会,任务的任务,

780
00:37:31,617 --> 00:37:34,283
So these are just a couple of examples,
这些只是几个例子,

781
00:37:34,352 --> 00:37:37,686
And you may wonder, why am I telling you about this?
你可能想知道,为什么我要告诉你吗?

782
00:37:37,755 --> 00:37:42,425
Well, basically, if you're looking for a possible idea
基本上,如果你正在寻找一个可能的想法

783
00:37:42,494 --> 00:37:44,994
for a class of what you might want to work on,
针对一类你可能想工作,

784
00:37:45,062 --> 00:37:48,231
Or the next great thing that you think you wanna work on,
或者下一个伟大的事情,你认为你想工作,

785
00:37:48,300 --> 00:37:51,534
I encourage you to check out some of the work that's being
我鼓励您的工作的

786
00:37:51,603 --> 00:37:54,837
done in accessibility because there are a lot of problems
在可访问性,因为有很多问题

787
00:37:54,906 --> 00:37:58,575
that still aren't solved, and that are worthwhile to tackle,
仍然没有解决,这是有价值的解决,

788
00:37:58,643 --> 00:38:00,476
Now, I've covered a lot today and
现在,我今天已经涵盖了许多

789
00:38:00,545 --> 00:38:03,379
there's more that you can find on the web,
有更多的,你在网上可以找到,

790
00:38:03,448 --> 00:38:06,682
These are a couple of links to some resources that you might
这些是几个你可能的一些资源的链接

791
00:38:06,751 --> 00:38:09,318
find useful, including some of the things that I spoke about
找到有用的,包括一些我谈到的事情

792
00:38:09,387 --> 00:38:10,720
during the presentation today,
在今天的演讲,

793
00:38:12,390 --> 00:38:14,324
I would encourage you to check out some of these WWDC videos,
我鼓励你去看看这些WWDC的视频,

794
00:38:14,325 --> 00:38:16,259
In particular,
特别是,

795
00:38:16,328 --> 00:38:18,628
including the one on inclusive app design,
包括一个包含应用程序设计,

796
00:38:18,697 --> 00:38:21,531
which is a whole session on design, focused on
整个会话在设计,关注吗

797
00:38:21,599 --> 00:38:24,734
both accessibility as well as internationalization,
可访问性和国际化,

798
00:38:24,803 --> 00:38:26,869
And that auditing your apps for accessibility,
审核你的应用程序的可访问性,

799
00:38:26,938 --> 00:38:29,572
which goes through how to take advantage of the accessibility
通过如何利用的可访问性

800
00:38:29,641 --> 00:38:31,708
inspector to make your own apps accessible,
检查员使您自己的应用程序可访问,

801
00:38:34,545 --> 00:38:35,645
So, in closing,
所以,最后,

802
00:38:35,714 --> 00:38:39,081
I'd like to circle back to the why of it all,
我想圆的原因,

803
00:38:39,150 --> 00:38:42,885
Why should you take the time to do something like this?
你为什么要花时间去这样做吗?

804
00:38:42,954 --> 00:38:46,055
Let me read you this quote from Sady, the woman who,
从回来,让我读你这句话的女人,

805
00:38:46,124 --> 00:38:49,492
from the video that I showed at the beginning,
从一开始,我显示的视频

806
00:38:49,561 --> 00:38:52,428
My love for technology is more than just a passion,
我对技术不仅仅是一个激情的爱,

807
00:38:52,497 --> 00:38:54,831
It gives me access to my world,
它给了我进入我的世界,

808
00:38:54,899 --> 00:38:57,634
I need help in some areas, but assistive technology
我需要帮助在某些地区,但辅助技术

809
00:38:57,702 --> 00:39:00,069
enables me to communicate with my loved ones, and
让我与我的亲人沟通,

810
00:39:00,138 --> 00:39:01,771
pursue my career,
追求我的事业,

811
00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:03,572
What everybody else can do with a keyboard and
用键盘和其他人能做什么

812
00:39:03,641 --> 00:39:06,009
a mouse, I can do with my two switches,
一只老鼠,我可以与我的两个开关,

813
00:39:08,012 --> 00:39:11,981
The common person's life is enhanced by technology,
一般人的生活是增强技术,

814
00:39:12,050 --> 00:39:15,318
But for somebody like Sady, technology is transformative,
但是有人喜欢回来,技术变革,

815
00:39:16,721 --> 00:39:19,455
It can make them independent in ways that really couldn't
它可以让他们独立的方式,真的不能

816
00:39:19,524 --> 00:39:22,024
have been imagined ten years ago,
一直想象的十年前,

817
00:39:22,093 --> 00:39:24,894
It can allow them to do jobs that they couldn't have done,
它可以让他们做他们不能做的工作,

818
00:39:24,962 --> 00:39:27,163
have hobbies that they couldn't have had, or
有他们不能有爱好,还是

819
00:39:27,232 --> 00:39:29,866
experience the world in ways that they couldn't have,
体验世界的方式,他们不可能,

820
00:39:31,569 --> 00:39:34,303
So by taking the time and putting in the effort to make
通过花时间和努力

821
00:39:34,372 --> 00:39:37,039
sure that the work you do works for everyone, you can
确保你做的工作适合每一个人,你可以

822
00:39:37,108 --> 00:39:41,110
have a lasting, meaningful impact on people's lives,
有一个持久的、有意义的影响人们的生活,

823
00:39:41,178 --> 00:39:43,546
I promise you that you'll never find a more loyal
我向你保证,你将永远不会找到一个更加忠诚

824
00:39:43,614 --> 00:39:46,783
customer than the one whose life you made better,
客户比你的生活更好,

825
00:39:46,851 --> 00:39:48,485
Now I know that some of you may be thinking that that's
现在我知道,你们中的一些人可能会认为这是

826
00:39:48,553 --> 00:39:50,686
great and all, but there are some things that
很棒,但有一些事情

827
00:39:50,755 --> 00:39:53,956
really just don't work with accessibility,
真的只是不使用可访问性,

828
00:39:54,025 --> 00:39:55,692
And I challenge you to think different,
我挑战你认为不同,

829
00:39:57,261 --> 00:40:00,095
If you'd asked somebody 15 years ago how a blind person
如果你问某人15年前一个盲人如何

830
00:40:00,164 --> 00:40:00,930
could use a touch screen,
可以使用一个触摸屏,

831
00:40:00,999 --> 00:40:03,465
they probably would have told you that they couldn't,
他们可能会告诉你,他们不能,

832
00:40:03,534 --> 00:40:04,534
And that's not true today,
今天,这不是真的,

833
00:40:06,137 --> 00:40:09,906
Anything is really possible when you put your mind to it,
任何事情都是可能当你把你的思想,

834
00:40:09,975 --> 00:40:13,476
So this is a video of my colleague Ryan DJing at last
这是一个视频,我的同事最后瑞恩打碟

835
00:40:13,545 --> 00:40:14,610
year's WWDC,
WWDC,

836
00:40:14,679 --> 00:40:16,412
Where we awarded the app djay Pro for
我们授予应用djay Pro在哪里

837
00:40:16,481 --> 00:40:19,148
their work on accessibility,
他们的工作在可访问性,

838
00:40:19,217 --> 00:40:22,018
He DJed live on stage using the app with VoiceOver and
他dj活在舞台上使用应用程序和画外音

839
00:40:22,087 --> 00:40:24,386
I'd like to play this brief clip for you now,
我想玩这个简短的视频给你现在,

840
00:40:24,455 --> 00:40:26,789
I have an iPad Pro running djay Pro and
我有一个iPad运行djay Pro和Pro

841
00:40:26,858 --> 00:40:28,324
this external mixer,
这个外部混合器,

842
00:40:28,392 --> 00:40:31,494
I'm gonna go ahead and throw on my headphones now,
我要把我的耳机现在,

843
00:40:31,562 --> 00:40:35,598
So, here's the things that's interesting, the external DJ
这是很有趣的事情,外部的DJ

844
00:40:35,667 --> 00:40:39,001
controller acts as an extension of the onscreen UI,
控制器作为扩展屏幕上的用户界面,

845
00:40:39,070 --> 00:40:42,104
And so I can use it to really create kind of a pretty
所以我真的可以使用它来创建一种漂亮

846
00:40:42,173 --> 00:40:43,505
cool performance,
很酷的性能,

847
00:40:43,574 --> 00:40:45,575
Also you're probably wondering what of this can I see,
你可能也想知道我可以看看,

848
00:40:46,911 --> 00:40:47,743
Not much,
不多,

849
00:40:47,812 --> 00:40:50,112
I pretty can see the light coming from the screen and
我可以看到屏幕,发出的光

850
00:40:50,181 --> 00:40:52,848
some of the colorful lights coming from the DJ controller,
一些来自DJ的彩灯控制器,

851
00:40:52,917 --> 00:40:54,417
but that's about it,
但仅此而已,

852
00:40:54,485 --> 00:40:55,518
So knowing that,
所以知道,

853
00:40:55,587 --> 00:40:58,154
we're gonna use VoiceOver to control this interface,
我们将使用画外音来控制这个接口,

854
00:40:58,223 --> 00:40:59,455
Let's go ahead and get the music started,
让我们继续,音乐开始,

855
00:40:59,524 --> 00:41:05,862
Play Okay, so the first thing I'd like to point out is that
玩好了,首先我想指出的是

856
00:41:05,930 --> 00:41:08,598
I have access to information I've never had before,
我获得信息之前,我从来没有,

857
00:41:08,666 --> 00:41:10,132
For example, the time,
例如,时间,

858
00:41:10,201 --> 00:41:11,501
How much time is left on this track?
在这个方向上还剩下多少时间?

859
00:41:11,569 --> 00:41:12,134
Let's find out,
让我们找到答案,

860
00:41:12,203 --> 00:41:14,804
Time deck one, 2:56,
时间甲板1 2:56

861
00:41:14,872 --> 00:41:15,471
That's perfect,
这是完美的,

862
00:41:15,540 --> 00:41:16,539
Okay, so I'm the DJ,
好的,那么我是DJ,

863
00:41:16,608 --> 00:41:17,873
I'm supposed to keep the music going, and
我应该保持音乐,

864
00:41:17,942 --> 00:41:19,642
now I have that kind of information,
现在我有这样的信息,

865
00:41:19,710 --> 00:41:21,710
I also can use these tempo sliders,
我也可以使用这些节奏滑块,

866
00:41:21,779 --> 00:41:25,948
For example if I touch it right now, hold on a second,
例如,如果我现在触摸它,等一会儿,

867
00:41:26,017 --> 00:41:27,817
tempo deck one 0% adjustable,
可调节奏甲板一0%,

868
00:41:27,885 --> 00:41:29,819
So we hear it's at its standard playback speed, but
所以我们听到它的标准播放速度,但是

869
00:41:29,888 --> 00:41:34,623
if I slow it down using the DJ controller and
如果我使用DJ控制器和慢下来

870
00:41:34,692 --> 00:41:35,391
I touch it again,
我又碰它,

871
00:41:35,459 --> 00:41:38,227
Tempo deck one, -7,1%, adjustable,
节奏甲板一7 1%,可调,

872
00:41:38,295 --> 00:41:40,996
We can hear exactly how far I've slown that track down,
我们可以听到究竟多远我slown追踪,

873
00:41:41,065 --> 00:41:42,131
that's really cool,
这是很酷的,

874
00:41:42,199 --> 00:41:44,633
I also can use these multi-dimensional effect pads
我也可以使用这些垫多维效果

875
00:41:44,702 --> 00:41:47,570
for example if I touch it the first time Effects pad,
例如,如果我第一次碰它影响垫,

876
00:41:47,638 --> 00:41:48,404
deck one,
甲板,

877
00:41:48,473 --> 00:41:54,576
But the second time,
但是第二次,

878
00:41:54,645 --> 00:41:55,744
Really cool stuff, right,
很酷的东西,

879
00:41:55,813 --> 00:41:59,448
So between these effects pads, this external controller, and
所以这些影响垫之间,这个外部控制器,和

880
00:41:59,517 --> 00:42:00,916
all this accessible UI,
所有这些访问UI,

881
00:42:00,985 --> 00:42:02,385
I can do a pretty cool performance,
我可以做一个很酷的性能,

882
00:42:02,453 --> 00:42:05,187
So I'd like to go ahead and ask the stage crew to please
所以我想继续,请让舞台工作人员

883
00:42:05,256 --> 00:42:07,189
take VoiceOver off of the PA systems,
休假画外音的PA系统,

884
00:42:07,258 --> 00:42:09,892
So that it's only available to me in my headphones,
所以我只能在我的耳机,

885
00:42:09,961 --> 00:42:11,293
Play deck one,
玩甲板,

886
00:42:11,362 --> 00:42:12,294
Cool, thank you very much,
酷,非常感谢,

887
00:42:12,363 --> 00:42:13,996
And I'm gonna mix for you now,
现在我要为你混合,

888
00:42:14,065 --> 00:42:14,496
Here we go,
我们开始吧,

889
00:42:14,565 --> 00:42:24,607
[MUSIC]
(音乐)

890
00:42:39,557 --> 00:42:44,960
[APPLAUSE] So because of the effort
(掌声)所以,因为工作

891
00:42:45,029 --> 00:42:48,030
that their team put in, people with vision impairments,
他们的团队,有视觉障碍的人,

892
00:42:48,099 --> 00:42:50,900
like Ryan, can DJ just as well as anybody else,
像瑞安,DJ一样别人,

893
00:42:50,969 --> 00:42:53,602
It's something that he loves to do, and it's only possible
他喜欢做的事情,这只是可能

894
00:42:53,671 --> 00:42:56,339
because somebody at that company decided that it was
因为有人在那公司决定

895
00:42:56,407 --> 00:42:59,943
worth it,
值得的,

896
00:43:00,011 --> 00:43:01,143
Thank you,
谢谢你！

897
00:43:01,212 --> 00:43:04,413
[APPLAUSE] For more,
(掌声)更多

898
00:43:04,482 --> 00:43:12,988
please visit us at standford,edu
请访问我们在斯坦福,埃杜