diff --git a/compiler-plugin/src/main/kotlin/com/google/devtools/ksp/symbol/impl/kotlin/KSTypeParameterImpl.kt b/compiler-plugin/src/main/kotlin/com/google/devtools/ksp/symbol/impl/kotlin/KSTypeParameterImpl.kt
index 2d04a7d8a4..340833a4a7 100644
--- a/compiler-plugin/src/main/kotlin/com/google/devtools/ksp/symbol/impl/kotlin/KSTypeParameterImpl.kt
+++ b/compiler-plugin/src/main/kotlin/com/google/devtools/ksp/symbol/impl/kotlin/KSTypeParameterImpl.kt
@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@ package com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.impl.kotlin
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.KSObjectCache
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.memoized
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.processing.impl.KSNameImpl
+import com.google.devtools.ksp.processing.impl.ResolverImpl
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.KSExpectActual
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.KSName
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.KSTypeParameter
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.KSTypeReference
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.KSVisitor
 import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.Variance
+import com.google.devtools.ksp.symbol.impl.synthetic.KSTypeReferenceSyntheticImpl
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.lexer.KtTokens
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtTypeParameter
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtTypeParameterListOwner
@@ -68,7 +70,11 @@ class KSTypeParameterImpl private constructor(val ktTypeParameter: KtTypeParamet
                     it.subjectTypeParameterName!!.getReferencedName() == ktTypeParameter.nameAsSafeName.asString()
                 }
                 .map { it.boundTypeReference }
-        ).filterNotNull().map { KSTypeReferenceImpl.getCached(it) }.memoized()
+        ).filterNotNull().map { KSTypeReferenceImpl.getCached(it) }.ifEmpty {
+            sequenceOf(
+                KSTypeReferenceSyntheticImpl.getCached(ResolverImpl.instance!!.builtIns.anyType.makeNullable(), this)
+            )
+        }.memoized()
     }
 
     override val qualifiedName: KSName? by lazy {
diff --git a/test-utils/testData/api/equivalentJavaWildcards.kt b/test-utils/testData/api/equivalentJavaWildcards.kt
index 6ea4cd297f..c4f3ecf092 100644
--- a/test-utils/testData/api/equivalentJavaWildcards.kt
+++ b/test-utils/testData/api/equivalentJavaWildcards.kt
@@ -23,8 +23,11 @@
 // Y : X -> X
 // <init> : Y -> Y
 // A : Any -> Any
+// T1 : Any? -> Any?
+// T2 : Any? -> Any?
 // <init> : A<T1, T2> -> A<T1, T2>
 // B : Any -> Any
+// T : Any? -> Any?
 // synthetic constructor for B : B<*> -> B<out Any?>
 // bar1 : [@kotlin.jvm.JvmSuppressWildcards] A<X, X> -> [@kotlin.jvm.JvmSuppressWildcards] A<X, X>
 // - INVARIANT X : X -> X
diff --git a/test-utils/testData/api/javaWildcards2.kt b/test-utils/testData/api/javaWildcards2.kt
index 3ea9a2ea18..f84e274a69 100644
--- a/test-utils/testData/api/javaWildcards2.kt
+++ b/test-utils/testData/api/javaWildcards2.kt
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 // MyEnum : Any
 // <init> : MyEnum
 // VarianceSubjectSuppressed : Any
+// R : Any?
 // starList : List<Any?>
 // typeArgList : List<R>
 // numberList : List<Number>
diff --git a/test-utils/testData/api/libOrigins.kt b/test-utils/testData/api/libOrigins.kt
index 91141a30bd..719b481002 100644
--- a/test-utils/testData/api/libOrigins.kt
+++ b/test-utils/testData/api/libOrigins.kt
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@
 // reference: Any: KOTLIN_LIB
 // reference: Any: KOTLIN_LIB
 // reference: Any: SYNTHETIC
+// reference: Any?: SYNTHETIC
 // reference: ArrayList<(T2..T2?)>: JAVA_LIB
 // reference: Byte: JAVA_LIB
 // reference: Byte: JAVA_LIB
diff --git a/test-utils/testData/api/parent.kt b/test-utils/testData/api/parent.kt
index c095c8a4e6..5237289b67 100644
--- a/test-utils/testData/api/parent.kt
+++ b/test-utils/testData/api/parent.kt
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 // parent of INVARIANT T: Map
 // parent of Map: Map
 // parent of Map: Alias
+// parent of Any?: T
 // parent of T: Alias
 // parent of Alias: File: a.kt
 // parent of Int: Int
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 // parent of topProp: File: a.kt
 // parent of T: T
 // parent of T: topFun
+// parent of Any?: T
 // parent of T: topFun
 // parent of Anno: Anno
 // parent of Anno: @Anno
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@
 // parent of Int: memberFun
 // parent of memberFun: topClass
 // parent of Any: InnerClass
+// parent of Any?: P
 // parent of P: InnerClass
 // parent of InnerClass: topClass
 // parent of P: P
diff --git a/test-utils/testData/api/varianceTypeCheck.kt b/test-utils/testData/api/varianceTypeCheck.kt
index f64bc557ea..a644570b5f 100644
--- a/test-utils/testData/api/varianceTypeCheck.kt
+++ b/test-utils/testData/api/varianceTypeCheck.kt
@@ -19,36 +19,49 @@
 // TEST PROCESSOR: TypeComparisonProcessor
 // EXPECTED:
 // Any ?= Any : true
+// Any ?= Any? : false
 // Any ?= Foo<*> : true
 // Any ?= Foo<A> : true
 // Any ?= Foo<C> : true
 // Any ?= Foo<in B> : true
 // Any ?= Foo<out B> : true
+// Any? ?= Any : true
+// Any? ?= Any? : true
+// Any? ?= Foo<*> : true
+// Any? ?= Foo<A> : true
+// Any? ?= Foo<C> : true
+// Any? ?= Foo<in B> : true
+// Any? ?= Foo<out B> : true
 // Foo<*> ?= Any : false
+// Foo<*> ?= Any? : false
 // Foo<*> ?= Foo<*> : true
 // Foo<*> ?= Foo<A> : true
 // Foo<*> ?= Foo<C> : true
 // Foo<*> ?= Foo<in B> : true
 // Foo<*> ?= Foo<out B> : true
 // Foo<A> ?= Any : false
+// Foo<A> ?= Any? : false
 // Foo<A> ?= Foo<*> : false
 // Foo<A> ?= Foo<A> : true
 // Foo<A> ?= Foo<C> : false
 // Foo<A> ?= Foo<in B> : false
 // Foo<A> ?= Foo<out B> : false
 // Foo<C> ?= Any : false
+// Foo<C> ?= Any? : false
 // Foo<C> ?= Foo<*> : false
 // Foo<C> ?= Foo<A> : false
 // Foo<C> ?= Foo<C> : true
 // Foo<C> ?= Foo<in B> : false
 // Foo<C> ?= Foo<out B> : false
 // Foo<in B> ?= Any : false
+// Foo<in B> ?= Any? : false
 // Foo<in B> ?= Foo<*> : false
 // Foo<in B> ?= Foo<A> : true
 // Foo<in B> ?= Foo<C> : false
 // Foo<in B> ?= Foo<in B> : true
 // Foo<in B> ?= Foo<out B> : false
 // Foo<out B> ?= Any : false
+// Foo<out B> ?= Any? : false
 // Foo<out B> ?= Foo<*> : false
 // Foo<out B> ?= Foo<A> : false
 // Foo<out B> ?= Foo<C> : true