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The GEOGLOWS model leverages the Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL) alongside the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) to conduct detailed calculations of water and energy balances within grid cells. HTESSEL simulates how land surfaces respond to atmospheric conditions, estimating critical variables such as surface and sub-surface runoff for both operational ensemble forecasts and retrospective simulations. The model employs varying spatial resolutions for its runoff files, including approximately 25 km for historical ERA-5 data, 16 km for low-resolution ensemble members, and 8 km for high-resolution forecasts. By intersecting grid lines with specific basins and applying runoff depth values, the model calculates water volumes over different time periods, which are then routed through the stream network using the Muskingum method with the RAPID algorithm. This approach provides valuable discharge data for hydrological analysis and decision-making.
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## River Forecast System Training
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To learn more about our model, RFS, continue with out training under the River Forecast System portion of this website. This training is broken down into 3 main sections, each having different sub sections within them. We recommend you start with the first section (Available Data) before progressing to the second section (Accessing Data). The third section (Skills and Examples) is a more advanced section designed for people looking to complete specific tasks using the RFS data who already have a good understanding of the first two sections. As you are learning about the data, there is also a website available with more information on how to download and use the RFS data: https://data.geoglows.org/. This is a great resource once you have a basic understanding of the data. Here is a brief overview of what you can expect to learn:
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1.**Available Data** - This section details the available datasets from RFS. It is divided into 3 sections:
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-**a. GIS Data** - Learn about the hydrography data used in the RFS, including stream centerlines, catchment boundaries, and their unique identifiers, derived from high-resolution elevation products.
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-**b. Retrospective River Discharge** - Explore over 85 years of daily average streamflow data, derived from meteorological reanalysis and updated weekly, offering insights into historical river discharge.
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-**c. Forecast River Discharge** - Understand daily river flow forecasts with a 51-member ensemble providing detailed predictions at 3-hour intervals, including uncertainty ranges for better planning.
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The presentation below offers a deeper insight into the model formulation of the GEOGLOWS Model.
2.**Accessing Data** - This section explains how the previously described data can be accessed and downloaded using 4 different techniques. Each section will detail a different technique:
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-**a. A Data Catalog** - This section explains the data catalog available through AWS buckets.
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-**b. A Data Service** - This section describes how to use our REST API to access GEOGLOWS data.
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-**c. A Web Map** - This section explains the Esri Living Atlas map layer that can be loaded into any GIS software (ArcGIS or QGIS).
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-**d. A Web App** - This section introduces you to the HydroViewer, which is our web application that allows for easy visualization and download of data globally.
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## Understanding GEOGLOWS Data
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[Understanding GEOGLOWS Data Presentation](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-4MQ1ge4J9I5iQGHYlY3f0VR724S_eXp/view?usp=sharing)
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3.**Skills and Examples** - This section explains more advanced techniques that can be used when using the data for specific purposes.
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-**a. Accessing and Interpreting Data** - This section includes Google Colab notebooks that show you how to use the GEOGLOWS Python package to make and customize your streamflow plots.
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-**b. Bias Correction and SABER Overview** - This section gives a brief overview of bias correction and a technique called SABER that applies bias correction to other areas.
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-**c. Bias Correction for Forecast Data** - This section provides a notebook that goes through examples of bias-correcting the forecast data.
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### Hydrofabric
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* The GEOGLOWS ECMWF Streamflow Service leverages a Hydrologic
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Modeling as a Service (HMaaS) approach, centralizing
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cyberinfrastructure, expertise, and state-of-the-art
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forecasting capabilities to provide reliable streamflow
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data. Instead of requiring local agencies to manage and
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compute vast amounts of data independently, GEOGLOWS
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streamlines the process by using ensemble meteorological
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forecasts from ECMWF, processed through the HTESSEL
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land surface model. This generates global runoff data,
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which is mapped to GEOGLOWS watersheds and routed through
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river networks using the RAPID model to produce 15-day
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forecasts. Additionally, the ERA-5 retrospective
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historical data spanning over 80 years is used to
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derive return periods, placing current forecasts
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in a meaningful historical context. These streamflow
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forecasts are accessible via web mapping services and APIs,
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facilitating the development of customized applications
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tailored to address local water management challenges
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such as flooding, drought, and water security.
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### Map
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* The GEOGLOWS ECMWF Streamflow Model can be easily explored
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using a mapping service developed in collaboration with
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