Contents
- Conf files.
- Debian releases.
- Setup backport.
- Getting new keys for packages.
- Install build dependency for package.
- Delete config file for removed packages.
- Delete obsolete packages.
- Clean up packages cache.
- Check package files for modification.
- Search for packages.
- Find nearest mirror.
- Show dependency graph.
See man sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), apt_preferences(5).
/etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://ftp.debian.org.ua/debian/ stable main contrib non-free deb http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org testing main non-free
/etc/apt/preferences:
Package: * Pin: release a=stable Pin-Priority: 800 Package: * Pin: release a=testing Pin-Priority: 900 Package: * Pin: release a=unstable Pin-Priority: 700 Package: * Pin: release a=experimental Pin-Priority: 600
Workflow:
experimental → unstable (sid) → testing → stable
Which package from witch release:
$ aptitude search ~S~i~Astable $ aptitude search ~S~i~Atesting $ aptitude search ~S~i~Aunstable $ aptitude search ~S~i~Aexperimental * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianOldStable * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianStable * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTesting * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianUnstable * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianExperimental
Main backports archive located at http://www.backports.org.
To get packeges gpg sign key:
$ su ... $ wget -O - http://backports.org/debian/archive.key | apt-key add - $ ^D
Write where packeges places:
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://www.backports.org/debian/ etch-backports main contrib non-free
$ sudo apt-get update ... W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs: 9AA38DCD55BE302B W: GPG error: http://http.us.debian.org etch Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9AA38DCD55BE302B ... $ gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-key 9AA38DCD55BE302B \ --keyserver-options http-proxy=http://user:[email protected]:3128 gpg: requesting key 55BE302B from hkp server pgp.mit.edu gpg: key 55BE302B: public key "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (5.0/lenny) <[email protected]>" imported gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1) $ gpg --export 9AA38DCD55BE302B | sudo apt-key add - OK
$ apt-get install build-essential # install dev LIBC and GCC C/C++ $ sudo apt-get build-dep $package
If all you want is checking what packages are needed to build a given package:
$ apt-cache showsrc $package
or check 'Build-Depends' attribute in:
$ apt-cache show $package
To get list of such packages use one of:
$ aptitude search ~c $ grep-status -n -sPackage -FStatus config-files
To remove them:
$ aptitude purge ~c
To get list of such packages use:
$ aptitude search ~o
To remove them:
$ aptitude purge ~o
To remove packages that were automatically installed to satisfy dependencies and are now no longer needed:
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Remove everything from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/:
$ sudo apt-get clean
Removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely useless:
$ sudo apt-get autoclean
$ sudo debsums --changed
$ aptitude search '?tag(works-with::logfile)'
$ sudo apt-get install netselect-apt $ netselect-apt stable $ netselect-apt testing $ netselect-apt unstable $ netselect-apt experimental $ netselect-apt sid
$ apt-cache dotty $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg $ sudo apt-get install debtree $ debtree $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg $ sudo apt-get install apt-rdepends $ apt-rdepends $PKG $ apt-rdepends -r $PKG $ apt-rdepends -d $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg $ apt-rdepends -d -r $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg