diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_cache.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_cache.go
index 6345981b3e..f5175b69eb 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_cache.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_cache.go
@@ -19,22 +19,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/nbs"
 )
 
-// ChunkCache is an interface used for caching chunks
+// ChunkCache is an interface used for caching chunks and has presence that
+// has already been fetched from remotestorage. Care should be taken when
+// using ChunkCache if it is possible for the remote to GC, since in that
+// case the cache could contain stale data.
 type ChunkCache interface {
-	// Put puts a slice of chunks into the cache. Error returned if the cache capacity has been exceeded.
-	Put(c []nbs.ToChunker) error
+	// Insert some observed / fetched chunks into the cache. These
+	// chunks may or may not be returned in the future.
+	InsertChunks(cs []nbs.ToChunker)
+	// Get previously cached chunks, if they are still available.
+	GetCachedChunks(h hash.HashSet) map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker
 
-	// Get gets a map of hash to chunk for a set of hashes.  In the event that a chunk is not in the cache, chunks.Empty.
-	// is put in it's place
-	Get(h hash.HashSet) map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker
-
-	// Has takes a set of hashes and returns the set of hashes that the cache currently does not have in it.
-	Has(h hash.HashSet) (absent hash.HashSet)
-
-	// PutChunk puts a single chunk in the cache. Returns an error if the cache capacity has been exceeded.
-	PutChunk(chunk nbs.ToChunker) error
-
-	// GetAndClearChunksToFlush gets a map of hash to chunk which includes all the chunks that were put in the cache
-	// between the last time GetAndClearChunksToFlush was called and now.
-	GetAndClearChunksToFlush() map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker
+	// Insert all hashes in |h| as existing in the remote.
+	InsertHas(h hash.HashSet)
+	// Returns the absent set from |h|, filtering it by records
+	// which are known to be present in the remote based on
+	// previous |InsertHas| calls.
+	GetCachedHas(h hash.HashSet) (absent hash.HashSet)
 }
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_store.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_store.go
index b2f8a0ee17..4fed21ffb4 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_store.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/chunk_store.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/types"
 )
 
-var ErrCacheCapacityExceeded = errors.New("too much data: the cache capacity has been reached")
+var ErrWriteBufferCapacityExceeded = errors.New("too much data: the write buffer capacity has been reached")
 
 var ErrUploadFailed = errors.New("upload failed")
 
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ type DoltChunkStore struct {
 	root        hash.Hash
 	csClient    remotesapi.ChunkStoreServiceClient
 	finalizer   func() error
+	wb          WriteBuffer
 	cache       ChunkCache
 	metadata    *remotesapi.GetRepoMetadataResponse
 	nbf         *types.NomsBinFormat
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@ func NewDoltChunkStoreFromPath(ctx context.Context, nbf *types.NomsBinFormat, pa
 		csClient:    csClient,
 		finalizer:   func() error { return nil },
 		cache:       newMapChunkCache(),
+		wb:          newMapWriteBuffer(),
 		metadata:    metadata,
 		nbf:         nbf,
 		httpFetcher: globalHttpFetcher,
@@ -185,79 +187,46 @@ func NewDoltChunkStoreFromPath(ctx context.Context, nbf *types.NomsBinFormat, pa
 	return cs, nil
 }
 
+func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) clone() *DoltChunkStore {
+	ret := *dcs
+	ret.repoToken = new(atomic.Value)
+	return &ret
+}
+
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) WithHTTPFetcher(fetcher HTTPFetcher) *DoltChunkStore {
-	return &DoltChunkStore{
-		repoId:      dcs.repoId,
-		repoPath:    dcs.repoPath,
-		repoToken:   new(atomic.Value),
-		host:        dcs.host,
-		root:        dcs.root,
-		csClient:    dcs.csClient,
-		finalizer:   dcs.finalizer,
-		cache:       dcs.cache,
-		metadata:    dcs.metadata,
-		nbf:         dcs.nbf,
-		httpFetcher: fetcher,
-		params:      dcs.params,
-		stats:       dcs.stats,
-	}
+	ret := dcs.clone()
+	ret.httpFetcher = fetcher
+	return ret
+}
+
+func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) WithNoopWriteBuffer() *DoltChunkStore {
+	ret := dcs.clone()
+	ret.wb = noopWriteBuffer{}
+	return ret
+}
+
+func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) WithWriteBuffer(wb WriteBuffer) *DoltChunkStore {
+	ret := dcs.clone()
+	ret.wb = wb
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) WithNoopChunkCache() *DoltChunkStore {
-	return &DoltChunkStore{
-		repoId:      dcs.repoId,
-		repoPath:    dcs.repoPath,
-		repoToken:   new(atomic.Value),
-		host:        dcs.host,
-		root:        dcs.root,
-		csClient:    dcs.csClient,
-		finalizer:   dcs.finalizer,
-		cache:       noopChunkCache,
-		metadata:    dcs.metadata,
-		nbf:         dcs.nbf,
-		httpFetcher: dcs.httpFetcher,
-		params:      dcs.params,
-		stats:       dcs.stats,
-		logger:      dcs.logger,
-	}
+	ret := dcs.clone()
+	ret.cache = noopChunkCache
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) WithChunkCache(cache ChunkCache) *DoltChunkStore {
-	return &DoltChunkStore{
-		repoId:      dcs.repoId,
-		repoPath:    dcs.repoPath,
-		repoToken:   new(atomic.Value),
-		host:        dcs.host,
-		root:        dcs.root,
-		csClient:    dcs.csClient,
-		finalizer:   dcs.finalizer,
-		cache:       cache,
-		metadata:    dcs.metadata,
-		nbf:         dcs.nbf,
-		httpFetcher: dcs.httpFetcher,
-		params:      dcs.params,
-		stats:       dcs.stats,
-		logger:      dcs.logger,
-	}
+	ret := dcs.clone()
+	ret.cache = cache
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) WithNetworkRequestParams(params NetworkRequestParams) *DoltChunkStore {
-	return &DoltChunkStore{
-		repoId:      dcs.repoId,
-		repoPath:    dcs.repoPath,
-		repoToken:   new(atomic.Value),
-		host:        dcs.host,
-		root:        dcs.root,
-		csClient:    dcs.csClient,
-		finalizer:   dcs.finalizer,
-		cache:       dcs.cache,
-		metadata:    dcs.metadata,
-		nbf:         dcs.nbf,
-		httpFetcher: dcs.httpFetcher,
-		params:      params,
-		stats:       dcs.stats,
-		logger:      dcs.logger,
-	}
+	ret := dcs.clone()
+	ret.params = params
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) SetLogger(logger chunks.DebugLogger) {
@@ -344,19 +313,18 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) GetManyCompressed(ctx context.Context, hashes hash.Ha
 	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "remotestorage.GetManyCompressed")
 	defer span.End()
 
-	hashToChunk := dcs.cache.Get(hashes)
+	hashToChunk := dcs.cache.GetCachedChunks(hashes)
+	dcs.wb.AddBufferedChunks(hashes, hashToChunk)
 
 	span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int("num_hashes", len(hashes)), attribute.Int("cache_hits", len(hashToChunk)))
 	atomic.AddUint32(&dcs.stats.Hits, uint32(len(hashToChunk)))
 
 	notCached := make([]hash.Hash, 0, len(hashes))
 	for h := range hashes {
-		c := hashToChunk[h]
-
-		if c == nil || c.IsEmpty() {
-			notCached = append(notCached, h)
-		} else {
+		if c, ok := hashToChunk[h]; ok {
 			found(ctx, c)
+		} else {
+			notCached = append(notCached, h)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -633,9 +601,7 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) readChunksAndCache(ctx context.Context, hashes []hash
 			}
 			// Don't forward on empty/not found chunks.
 			if !cc.IsEmpty() {
-				if err := dcs.cache.PutChunk(cc); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
+				dcs.cache.InsertChunks([]nbs.ToChunker{cc})
 				found(egCtx, cc)
 			}
 		}
@@ -663,8 +629,8 @@ const maxHasManyBatchSize = 16 * 1024
 // absent from the store.
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) HasMany(ctx context.Context, hashes hash.HashSet) (hash.HashSet, error) {
 	// get the set of hashes that isn't already in the cache
-	notCached := dcs.cache.Has(hashes)
-
+	notCached := dcs.cache.GetCachedHas(hashes)
+	dcs.wb.RemovePresentChunks(notCached)
 	if len(notCached) == 0 {
 		return notCached, nil
 	}
@@ -673,7 +639,7 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) HasMany(ctx context.Context, hashes hash.HashSet) (ha
 	hashSl, byteSl := HashSetToSlices(notCached)
 
 	absent := make(hash.HashSet)
-	var found []nbs.ToChunker
+	found := make(hash.HashSet)
 	var err error
 
 	batchItr(len(hashSl), maxHasManyBatchSize, func(st, end int) (stop bool) {
@@ -714,8 +680,7 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) HasMany(ctx context.Context, hashes hash.HashSet) (ha
 				absent[currHash] = struct{}{}
 				j++
 			} else {
-				c := nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(chunks.NewChunkWithHash(currHash, []byte{}))
-				found = append(found, c)
+				found.Insert(currHash)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -731,9 +696,7 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) HasMany(ctx context.Context, hashes hash.HashSet) (ha
 	}
 
 	if len(found) > 0 {
-		if err := dcs.cache.Put(found); err != nil {
-			return hash.HashSet{}, err
-		}
+		dcs.cache.InsertHas(found)
 	}
 
 	return absent, nil
@@ -767,7 +730,8 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) Put(ctx context.Context, c chunks.Chunk, getAddrs chu
 	}
 
 	cc := nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(c)
-	if err := dcs.cache.Put([]nbs.ToChunker{cc}); err != nil {
+	err = dcs.wb.Put(cc)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -850,8 +814,26 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) loadRoot(ctx context.Context) error {
 // persisted root hash from last to current (or keeps it the same).
 // If last doesn't match the root in persistent storage, returns false.
 func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) Commit(ctx context.Context, current, last hash.Hash) (bool, error) {
-	hashToChunkCount, err := dcs.uploadChunks(ctx)
+	toUpload := dcs.wb.GetAllForWrite()
+	var resp *remotesapi.CommitResponse
+	defer func() {
+		// We record success based on the CommitResponse
+		// |Success| field, which is only |true| when the call
+		// successfully updated the root hash of the
+		// remote. With the current API, we cannot distinguish
+		// the case where the commit failed because |last| was
+		// stale but the provided chunks were still
+		// successfully added to the remote. If the write is
+		// retried in such a case, we will currently write the
+		// chunks to the remote again.
+		if resp != nil {
+			dcs.wb.WriteCompleted(resp.Success)
+		} else {
+			dcs.wb.WriteCompleted(false)
+		}
+	}()
 
+	hashToChunkCount, err := dcs.uploadChunks(ctx, toUpload)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -873,7 +855,7 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) Commit(ctx context.Context, current, last hash.Hash)
 			NbsVersion: nbs.StorageVersion,
 		},
 	}
-	resp, err := dcs.csClient.Commit(ctx, req)
+	resp, err = dcs.csClient.Commit(ctx, req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, NewRpcError(err, "Commit", dcs.host, req)
 	}
@@ -911,10 +893,11 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) Close() error {
 	return dcs.finalizer()
 }
 
-// getting this working using the simplest approach first
-func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) uploadChunks(ctx context.Context) (map[hash.Hash]int, error) {
-	hashToChunk := dcs.cache.GetAndClearChunksToFlush()
-
+// Uploads all chunks in |hashToChunk| to the remote store and returns
+// the manifest entries that correspond to the new table files. Used
+// by |Commit|. Typically |hashToChunk| will have come from our |wb|
+// |writeBuffer|.
+func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) uploadChunks(ctx context.Context, hashToChunk map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk) (map[hash.Hash]int, error) {
 	if len(hashToChunk) == 0 {
 		return map[hash.Hash]int{}, nil
 	}
@@ -922,7 +905,6 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) uploadChunks(ctx context.Context) (map[hash.Hash]int,
 	chnks := make([]chunks.Chunk, 0, len(hashToChunk))
 	for _, chable := range hashToChunk {
 		ch, err := chable.ToChunk()
-
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -951,7 +933,6 @@ func (dcs *DoltChunkStore) uploadChunks(ctx context.Context) (map[hash.Hash]int,
 	}
 
 	for h, contentHash := range hashToContentHash {
-		// Can parallelize this in the future if needed
 		err := dcs.uploadTableFileWithRetries(ctx, h, uint64(hashToCount[h]), contentHash, func() (io.ReadCloser, uint64, error) {
 			data := hashToData[h]
 			return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data)), uint64(len(data)), nil
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache.go
index 510ca54469..f8db4cf51a 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache.go
@@ -15,134 +15,70 @@
 package remotestorage
 
 import (
-	"sync"
+	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/hash"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/nbs"
 )
 
-const (
-	// averageChunkSize is used to estimate the size of chunk for purposes of avoiding excessive memory usage
-	averageChunkSize = 1 << 12
-)
-
-// mapChunkCache is a ChunkCache implementation that stores everything in an in memory map.
+// mapChunkCache is a simple ChunkCache implementation that stores
+// cached chunks and has records in two separate lru caches.
 type mapChunkCache struct {
-	mu          *sync.Mutex
-	hashToChunk map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker
-	toFlush     map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker
-	cm          CapacityMonitor
+	chunks *lru.TwoQueueCache[hash.Hash, nbs.ToChunker]
+	has    *lru.TwoQueueCache[hash.Hash, struct{}]
 }
 
+const defaultCacheChunkCapacity = 32 * 1024
+const defaultCacheHasCapacity = 1024 * 1024
+
 func newMapChunkCache() *mapChunkCache {
-	return &mapChunkCache{
-		&sync.Mutex{},
-		make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker),
-		make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker),
-		NewUncappedCapacityMonitor(),
-	}
+	return NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(defaultCacheChunkCapacity, defaultCacheHasCapacity)
 }
 
-// used by DoltHub API
-func NewMapChunkCacheWithMaxCapacity(maxCapacity int64) *mapChunkCache {
+func NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(maxChunkCapacity, maxHasCapacity int) *mapChunkCache {
+	chunks, err := lru.New2Q[hash.Hash, nbs.ToChunker](maxChunkCapacity)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	has, err := lru.New2Q[hash.Hash, struct{}](maxHasCapacity)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 	return &mapChunkCache{
-		&sync.Mutex{},
-		make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker),
-		make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker),
-		NewFixedCapacityMonitor(maxCapacity),
+		chunks,
+		has,
 	}
 }
 
-// Put puts a slice of chunks into the cache. Returns an error if the cache capacity has been exceeded.
-func (mcc *mapChunkCache) Put(chnks []nbs.ToChunker) error {
-	mcc.mu.Lock()
-	defer mcc.mu.Unlock()
-
-	for i := 0; i < len(chnks); i++ {
-		c := chnks[i]
-		h := c.Hash()
-
-		if curr, ok := mcc.hashToChunk[h]; ok {
-			if !curr.IsEmpty() {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-
-		if mcc.cm.CapacityExceeded(averageChunkSize) {
-			return ErrCacheCapacityExceeded
-		}
-
-		mcc.hashToChunk[h] = c
-
-		if !c.IsEmpty() {
-			mcc.toFlush[h] = c
-		}
+func (cache *mapChunkCache) InsertChunks(cs []nbs.ToChunker) {
+	for _, c := range cs {
+		cache.chunks.Add(c.Hash(), c)
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
-// Get gets a map of hash to chunk for a set of hashes.  In the event that a chunk is not in the cache, chunks.Empty.
-// is put in it's place
-func (mcc *mapChunkCache) Get(hashes hash.HashSet) map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker {
-	hashToChunk := make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
-
-	mcc.mu.Lock()
-	defer mcc.mu.Unlock()
-
-	for h := range hashes {
-		if c, ok := mcc.hashToChunk[h]; ok {
-			hashToChunk[h] = c
-		} else {
-			hashToChunk[h] = nbs.EmptyCompressedChunk
+func (cache *mapChunkCache) GetCachedChunks(hs hash.HashSet) map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker {
+	ret := make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
+	for h := range hs {
+		c, ok := cache.chunks.Get(h)
+		if ok {
+			ret[h] = c
 		}
 	}
-
-	return hashToChunk
+	return ret
 }
 
-// Has takes a set of hashes and returns the set of hashes that the cache currently does not have in it.
-func (mcc *mapChunkCache) Has(hashes hash.HashSet) (absent hash.HashSet) {
-	absent = make(hash.HashSet)
-
-	mcc.mu.Lock()
-	defer mcc.mu.Unlock()
-
-	for h := range hashes {
-		if _, ok := mcc.hashToChunk[h]; !ok {
-			absent[h] = struct{}{}
-		}
+func (cache *mapChunkCache) InsertHas(hs hash.HashSet) {
+	for h := range hs {
+		cache.has.Add(h, struct{}{})
 	}
-
-	return absent
 }
 
-func (mcc *mapChunkCache) PutChunk(ch nbs.ToChunker) error {
-	mcc.mu.Lock()
-	defer mcc.mu.Unlock()
-
-	h := ch.Hash()
-	if existing, ok := mcc.hashToChunk[h]; !ok || existing.IsEmpty() {
-		if mcc.cm.CapacityExceeded(averageChunkSize) {
-			return ErrCacheCapacityExceeded
+func (cache *mapChunkCache) GetCachedHas(hs hash.HashSet) (absent hash.HashSet) {
+	ret := make(hash.HashSet)
+	for h := range hs {
+		if !cache.has.Contains(h) {
+			ret.Insert(h)
 		}
-		mcc.hashToChunk[h] = ch
-		mcc.toFlush[h] = ch
 	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetAndClearChunksToFlush gets a map of hash to chunk which includes all the chunks that were put in the cache
-// between the last time GetAndClearChunksToFlush was called and now.
-func (mcc *mapChunkCache) GetAndClearChunksToFlush() map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker {
-	newToFlush := make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
-
-	mcc.mu.Lock()
-	defer mcc.mu.Unlock()
-
-	toFlush := mcc.toFlush
-	mcc.toFlush = newToFlush
-
-	return toFlush
+	return ret
 }
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache_test.go
index 8cb5e118d1..62aba44ea9 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache_test.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/map_chunk_cache_test.go
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@
 package remotestorage
 
 import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"reflect"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
@@ -27,68 +25,111 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/nbs"
 )
 
-func genRandomChunks(rng *rand.Rand, n int) (hash.HashSet, []nbs.ToChunker) {
-	chks := make([]nbs.ToChunker, n)
-	hashes := make(hash.HashSet)
-	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		size := int(rng.Int31n(99) + 1)
-		bytes := make([]byte, size)
-		for j := 0; j < size; j++ {
-			bytes[j] = byte(rng.Int31n(255))
-		}
-
-		chk := nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(chunks.NewChunk(bytes))
-		chks[i] = chk
-
-		hashes[chk.Hash()] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	return hashes, chks
-}
-
 func TestMapChunkCache(t *testing.T) {
-	const chunkBatchSize = 10
-
-	seed := time.Now().UnixNano()
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
-	hashes, chks := genRandomChunks(rng, chunkBatchSize)
-
-	mapChunkCache := newMapChunkCache()
-	mapChunkCache.Put(chks)
-	hashToChunk := mapChunkCache.Get(hashes)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, len(hashToChunk), chunkBatchSize, "Did not read back all chunks (seed %d)", seed)
-
-	absent := mapChunkCache.Has(hashes)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, len(absent), 0, "Missing chunks that were added (seed %d)", seed)
-
-	toFlush := mapChunkCache.GetAndClearChunksToFlush()
-
-	assert.True(t, reflect.DeepEqual(toFlush, hashToChunk), "unexpected or missing chunks to flush (seed %d)", seed)
-
-	moreHashes, moreChks := genRandomChunks(rng, chunkBatchSize)
-
-	joinedHashes := make(hash.HashSet)
-
-	for h := range hashes {
-		joinedHashes[h] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for h := range moreHashes {
-		joinedHashes[h] = struct{}{}
-	}
+	t.Run("New", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.NotNil(t, newMapChunkCache())
+		assert.NotNil(t, NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(32, 32))
+		assert.Panics(t, func() {
+			assert.NotNil(t, NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(-1, 32))
+		})
+		assert.Panics(t, func() {
+			assert.NotNil(t, NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(32, -1))
+		})
+	})
+	t.Run("CachesChunks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var seed [32]byte
+		rand := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
+		cache := NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(8, 8)
+		inserted := make(hash.HashSet)
+		// Insert some chunks.
+		for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+			bs := make([]byte, 512)
+			rand.Read(bs)
+			chk := chunks.NewChunk(bs)
+			inserted.Insert(chk.Hash())
+			cc := nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(chk)
+			cache.InsertChunks([]nbs.ToChunker{cc})
+		}
 
-	absent = mapChunkCache.Has(joinedHashes)
+		// Query for those chunks, plus some that were not inserted.
+		query := make(hash.HashSet)
+		for h := range inserted {
+			query.Insert(h)
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+			var bs [512]byte
+			rand.Read(bs[:])
+			query.Insert(hash.Of(bs[:]))
+		}
 
-	assert.True(t, reflect.DeepEqual(absent, moreHashes), "unexpected absent hashset (seed %d)", seed)
+		// Only got back the inserted chunks...
+		cached := cache.GetCachedChunks(query)
+		assert.Len(t, cached, 8)
+
+		// If we insert more than our max size, and query
+		// for everything inserted, we get back a result
+		// set matching our max size.
+		for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
+			bs := make([]byte, 512)
+			rand.Read(bs)
+			chk := chunks.NewChunk(bs)
+			inserted.Insert(chk.Hash())
+			cc := nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(chk)
+			cache.InsertChunks([]nbs.ToChunker{cc})
+		}
+		cached = cache.GetCachedChunks(inserted)
+		assert.Len(t, cached, 8)
+	})
+	t.Run("CachesHasRecords", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var seed [32]byte
+		rand := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
+		cache := NewMapChunkCacheWithCapacity(8, 8)
+		query := make(hash.HashSet)
+		for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
+			var bs [512]byte
+			rand.Read(bs[:])
+			query.Insert(hash.Of(bs[:]))
+		}
 
-	mapChunkCache.PutChunk(chks[0])
-	mapChunkCache.PutChunk(moreChks[0])
+		// Querying an empty cache returns all the hashes.
+		res := cache.GetCachedHas(query)
+		assert.NotSame(t, res, query)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 64)
+		for h := range query {
+			_, ok := res[h]
+			assert.True(t, ok, "everything in query is in res")
+		}
 
-	toFlush = mapChunkCache.GetAndClearChunksToFlush()
+		// Insert 8 of our query hashes into the cache.
+		insert := make(hash.HashSet)
+		insertTwo := make(hash.HashSet)
+		i := 0
+		for h := range query {
+			if i < 8 {
+				insert.Insert(h)
+			} else {
+				insertTwo.Insert(h)
+			}
+			i += 1
+			if i == 16 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		cache.InsertHas(insert)
+
+		// Querying our original query set returns expected results.
+		res = cache.GetCachedHas(query)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 64-8)
+		for h := range query {
+			if _, ok := insert[h]; !ok {
+				_, ok = res[h]
+				assert.True(t, ok, "everything in query that is not in insert is in res")
+			}
+		}
 
-	expected := map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker{moreChks[0].Hash(): moreChks[0]}
-	eq := reflect.DeepEqual(toFlush, expected)
-	assert.True(t, eq, "Missing or unexpected chunks to flush (seed %d)", seed)
+		// Inserting another 8 hashes hits max limit. Only 8 records cached.
+		cache.InsertHas(insertTwo)
+		res = cache.GetCachedHas(query)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 64-8)
+	})
 }
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/noop_chunk_cache.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/noop_chunk_cache.go
index b8848ef771..f48142fbe6 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/noop_chunk_cache.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/noop_chunk_cache.go
@@ -20,31 +20,22 @@ import (
 )
 
 // noopChunkCache is a ChunkCache implementation that stores nothing
-// ever.  Using a noopChunkCache with a remotestore.DoltChunkStore
-// will cause the DoltChunkStore to behave incorrectly when _writing_
-// dolt repositories; this should only be used for read-only use
-// cases.
+// ever. This causes all fetches to go to the remote server.
 var noopChunkCache = &noopChunkCacheImpl{}
 
 type noopChunkCacheImpl struct {
 }
 
-func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) Put(chnks []nbs.ToChunker) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) Get(hashes hash.HashSet) map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker {
-	return make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
+func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) InsertChunks(cs []nbs.ToChunker) {
 }
 
-func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) Has(hashes hash.HashSet) (absent hash.HashSet) {
-	return hashes
+func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) GetCachedChunks(h hash.HashSet) map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker {
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) PutChunk(ch nbs.ToChunker) error {
-	return nil
+func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) InsertHas(h hash.HashSet) {
 }
 
-func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) GetAndClearChunksToFlush() map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker {
-	panic("noopChunkCache does not support GetAndClearChunksToFlush().")
+func (*noopChunkCacheImpl) GetCachedHas(h hash.HashSet) (absent hash.HashSet) {
+	return h
 }
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/writebuffer.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/writebuffer.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1187d57a7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/writebuffer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package remotestorage
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/hash"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/nbs"
+)
+
+type WriteBuffer interface {
+	// Add a compressed chunk to the write buffer. It will be
+	// returned from future calls to |GetAllForWrite| until a
+	// write is successful.
+	Put(nbs.CompressedChunk) error
+
+	// Returns the current set of written chunks.  After this
+	// returns, concurrent calls to other methods may block until
+	// |WriteCompleted| is called.  Calls to |GetAllForWrite| must
+	// be followed by a call to |WriteCompleted| once the write
+	// attempt is finished.
+	GetAllForWrite() map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk
+
+	// Called after a call to |GetAllForWrite|, this records
+	// success or failure of the write operation.  If the write
+	// operation was successful, then the written chunks are now
+	// in the upstream and they can be cleared from the write
+	// buffer. Otherwise, the written chunks are retained in the
+	// write buffer so that the write can be retried.
+	WriteCompleted(success bool)
+
+	// ChunkStore clients expect to read their own writes before a
+	// commit.  On the get path, remotestorage should add buffered
+	// chunks matching a given |query| to its |result|. On the
+	// HasMany path, remotestorage should remove present chunks
+	// from its absent set on the HasMany response.
+	AddBufferedChunks(query hash.HashSet, result map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
+	// Removes the addresses of any buffered chunks from |hashes|.
+	// Used to filter the |absent| response of a HasMany call so
+	// that buffered chunks are not considered absent.
+	RemovePresentChunks(hashes hash.HashSet)
+}
+
+type noopWriteBuffer struct {
+}
+
+var _ WriteBuffer = noopWriteBuffer{}
+
+func (noopWriteBuffer) Put(nbs.CompressedChunk) error {
+	return errors.New("unsupported operation: write on a read-only remotestorage chunk store")
+}
+
+func (noopWriteBuffer) GetAllForWrite() map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk {
+	panic("attempt to upload chunks on a read-only remotestorage chunk store")
+}
+
+func (noopWriteBuffer) WriteCompleted(success bool) {
+	panic("call to WriteCompleted on a noopWriteBuffer")
+}
+
+func (noopWriteBuffer) AddBufferedChunks(hash.HashSet, map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker) {
+}
+
+func (noopWriteBuffer) RemovePresentChunks(hash.HashSet) {
+}
+
+// A simple WriteBuffer which buffers unlimited data in memory and
+// waits to flush it.
+type mapWriteBuffer struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	cond sync.Cond
+	// Set when an outstanding write is in progress, |Put| will
+	// block against this. Reset by |WriteCompleted| after the
+	// appropriate updates to |chunks| have been made.
+	writing bool
+	chunks  map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk
+}
+
+func newMapWriteBuffer() *mapWriteBuffer {
+	ret := &mapWriteBuffer{
+		chunks: make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk),
+	}
+	ret.cond.L = &ret.mu
+	return ret
+}
+
+func (b *mapWriteBuffer) Put(cc nbs.CompressedChunk) error {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	for b.writing {
+		b.cond.Wait()
+	}
+	b.chunks[cc.H] = cc
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *mapWriteBuffer) GetAllForWrite() map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	for b.writing {
+		b.cond.Wait()
+	}
+	b.writing = true
+	return b.chunks
+}
+
+func (b *mapWriteBuffer) WriteCompleted(success bool) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if !b.writing {
+		panic("mapWriteBuffer got WriteCompleted while no write was in progress")
+	}
+	b.writing = false
+	if success {
+		b.chunks = make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.CompressedChunk)
+	}
+	b.cond.Broadcast()
+}
+
+func (b *mapWriteBuffer) AddBufferedChunks(hs hash.HashSet, res map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	for h := range hs {
+		cc, ok := b.chunks[h]
+		if ok {
+			res[h] = cc
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *mapWriteBuffer) RemovePresentChunks(hashes hash.HashSet) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(b.chunks) < len(hashes) {
+		for h := range b.chunks {
+			hashes.Remove(h)
+		}
+	} else {
+		var toRemove []hash.Hash
+		for h := range hashes {
+			if _, ok := b.chunks[h]; ok {
+				toRemove = append(toRemove, h)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, h := range toRemove {
+			hashes.Remove(h)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/writebuffer_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/writebuffer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aac1454cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/remotestorage/writebuffer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package remotestorage
+
+import (
+	"math/rand/v2"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/chunks"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/hash"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/nbs"
+)
+
+func TestNoopWriteBuffer(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := noopWriteBuffer{}
+	err := cache.Put(nbs.CompressedChunk{})
+	assert.NotNil(t, err)
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		cache.GetAllForWrite()
+	})
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		cache.WriteCompleted(false)
+	})
+	cache.AddBufferedChunks(make(hash.HashSet), make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker))
+	cache.RemovePresentChunks(make(hash.HashSet))
+}
+
+func TestMapWriteBuffer(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("SmokeTest", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// A bit of a typical usage...
+		cache := newMapWriteBuffer()
+		var seed [32]byte
+		rand := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
+		query := make(hash.HashSet)
+		for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
+			var bs [512]byte
+			rand.Read(bs[:])
+			query.Insert(hash.Of(bs[:]))
+		}
+		res := make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
+		cache.AddBufferedChunks(query, res)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 0)
+
+		// Insert some chunks.
+		inserted := make(hash.HashSet)
+		for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+			bs := make([]byte, 512)
+			rand.Read(bs)
+			chk := chunks.NewChunk(bs)
+			cache.Put(nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(chk))
+			inserted.Insert(chk.Hash())
+		}
+		cache.AddBufferedChunks(query, res)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 0)
+		for h := range inserted {
+			query.Insert(h)
+		}
+		cache.AddBufferedChunks(query, res)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 8)
+
+		cache.RemovePresentChunks(query)
+		assert.Len(t, query, 64)
+		for h := range inserted {
+			query.Insert(h)
+		}
+
+		// Cache continues working for reads during a pending write.
+		toWrite := cache.GetAllForWrite()
+		assert.Len(t, toWrite, 8)
+		res = make(map[hash.Hash]nbs.ToChunker)
+		cache.AddBufferedChunks(query, res)
+		assert.Len(t, res, 8)
+		cache.RemovePresentChunks(query)
+		assert.Len(t, query, 64)
+
+		// After a failure, chunks are still present.
+		cache.WriteCompleted(false)
+		toWrite = cache.GetAllForWrite()
+		assert.Len(t, toWrite, 8)
+		// And after a success, they are cleared.
+		cache.WriteCompleted(true)
+		toWrite = cache.GetAllForWrite()
+		assert.Len(t, toWrite, 0)
+		cache.WriteCompleted(true)
+	})
+	t.Run("ConcurrentPuts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cache := newMapWriteBuffer()
+		var seed [32]byte
+		seedRand := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
+		const numThreads = 16
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		// One thread is writing and failing...
+		wg.Add(1)
+		var writes int
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for {
+				cached := cache.GetAllForWrite()
+				writes += 1
+				time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+				if len(cached) == numThreads*32 {
+					cache.WriteCompleted(false)
+					return
+				}
+				cache.WriteCompleted(false)
+				time.Sleep(100 * time.Microsecond)
+			}
+		}()
+		wg.Add(numThreads)
+		var inserted [numThreads][]hash.Hash
+		for i := 0; i < numThreads; i++ {
+			var seed [32]byte
+			seedRand.Read(seed[:])
+			randCha := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
+			go func() {
+				for j := 0; j < 32; j++ {
+					var bs [512]byte
+					randCha.Read(bs[:])
+					chk := chunks.NewChunk(bs[:])
+					cache.Put(nbs.ChunkToCompressedChunk(chk))
+					inserted[i] = append(inserted[i], chk.Hash())
+				}
+				defer wg.Done()
+			}()
+		}
+		wg.Wait()
+		// All writes failed. Let's make sure we have everything we expect.
+		cached := cache.GetAllForWrite()
+		assert.Len(t, cached, 32*numThreads)
+		for i := range inserted {
+			for _, h := range inserted[i] {
+				_, ok := cached[h]
+				assert.True(t, ok)
+			}
+		}
+		cache.WriteCompleted(true)
+	})
+}