docs/source/kvikio.ipynb

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    "# Kvikio demo\n",
    "\n",
    "Requires\n",
    "- [ ] https://github.com/pydata/xarray/pull/8100\n",
    "- [ ] Some updates to `dask.array.core.getter`"
   ]
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      "Exception reporting mode: Minimal\n",
      "kvikio        : 23.2.0\n",
      "xarray        : 2022.6.1.dev458+g83c2919b2\n",
      "numpy_groupies: 0.9.22+2.gd148074\n",
      "json          : 2.0.9\n",
      "numpy         : 1.24.4\n",
      "flox          : 0.7.3.dev12+g796dcd2\n",
      "zarr          : 2.16.1\n",
      "dask          : 2023.8.1\n",
      "cupy_xarray   : 0.1.1+21.gd2da1e4.dirty\n",
      "sys           : 3.9.17 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Aug 10 2023, 07:02:31) \n",
      "[GCC 12.3.0]\n",
      "\n"
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   "source": [
    "%load_ext watermark\n",
    "%xmode minimal\n",
    "\n",
    "# These imports are currently unnecessary. I import them to show versions\n",
    "# cupy_xarray registers the kvikio entrypoint on install.\n",
    "# import cupy as cp\n",
    "# import cudf\n",
    "import cupy_xarray  # registers cupy accessor\n",
    "import kvikio.zarr\n",
    "\n",
    "import flox\n",
    "import numpy_groupies\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "import zarr\n",
    "\n",
    "import dask\n",
    "\n",
    "dask.config.set(scheduler=\"sync\")\n",
    "\n",
    "store = \"./air-temperature.zarr\"\n",
    "\n",
    "%watermark -iv"
   ]
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   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "83b1b514-eeb8-4a81-a3e8-3a7dc82ffce4",
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      "text/plain": [
       "{'kvikio': <KvikioBackendEntrypoint>\n",
       "   Open zarr files (.zarr) using Kvikio\n",
       "   Learn more at https://docs.rapids.ai/api/kvikio/nightly/api.html#zarr,\n",
       " 'store': <StoreBackendEntrypoint>\n",
       "   Open AbstractDataStore instances in Xarray\n",
       "   Learn more at https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/generated/xarray.backends.StoreBackendEntrypoint.html,\n",
       " 'zarr': <ZarrBackendEntrypoint>\n",
       "   Open zarr files (.zarr) using zarr in Xarray\n",
       "   Learn more at https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/generated/xarray.backends.ZarrBackendEntrypoint.html}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "xr.backends.list_engines()"
   ]
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      "> \u001b[0;32m/glade/u/home/dcherian/python/xarray/xarray/core/indexing.py\u001b[0m(485)\u001b[0;36m__array__\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m    484 \u001b[0;31m        \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mipdb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m;\u001b[0m \u001b[0mipdb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mset_trace\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m--> 485 \u001b[0;31m        \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0masarray\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_duck_array\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    486 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\n"
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     "text": [
      "ipdb>  c\n"
     ]
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     "text": [
      "> \u001b[0;32m/glade/u/home/dcherian/python/xarray/xarray/core/indexing.py\u001b[0m(485)\u001b[0;36m__array__\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m    484 \u001b[0;31m        \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mipdb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m;\u001b[0m \u001b[0mipdb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mset_trace\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m--> 485 \u001b[0;31m        \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0masarray\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_duck_array\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    486 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\n"
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     "text": [
      "ipdb>  c\n"
     ]
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     "text": [
      "MemoryCachedArray(array=CopyOnWriteArray(array=LazilyIndexedArray(array=_ElementwiseFunctionArray(LazilyIndexedArray(array=<cupy_xarray.kvikio.CupyZarrArrayWrapper object at 0x2b8c63c4fdb0>, key=BasicIndexer((slice(None, None, None), slice(None, None, None), slice(None, None, None)))), func=functools.partial(<function _scale_offset_decoding at 0x2b8c4efd9d30>, scale_factor=0.01, add_offset=None, dtype=<class 'numpy.float32'>), dtype=dtype('float32')), key=BasicIndexer((slice(None, None, None), slice(None, None, None), slice(None, None, None))))))\n"
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       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:  (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    air      (time, lat, lon) float32 ...\n",
       "    scalar   float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    Conventions:  COARDS\n",
       "    description:  Data is from NMC initialized reanalysis\\n(4x/day).  These a...\n",
       "    platform:     Model\n",
       "    references:   http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanaly...\n",
       "    title:        4x daily NMC reanalysis (1948)</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-40d38696-c139-446a-a4f9-0e65baa3501a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-40d38696-c139-446a-a4f9-0e65baa3501a' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a2865491-d055-4b5e-b466-6ecd967443b0' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-a2865491-d055-4b5e-b466-6ecd967443b0' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-2ca73761-63a2-432f-89a2-ec799379c220' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2ca73761-63a2-432f-89a2-ec799379c220' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-67c961a5-761d-49eb-9dd9-43cc7bcfa88f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-67c961a5-761d-49eb-9dd9-43cc7bcfa88f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-faf89527-9179-4c60-96fa-51162651f1f7' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-faf89527-9179-4c60-96fa-51162651f1f7' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-15cc148b-c05f-48f2-aa33-98f00d697e16' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-15cc148b-c05f-48f2-aa33-98f00d697e16' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-08ccce4b-830b-4a09-97b7-48c20684a049' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-08ccce4b-830b-4a09-97b7-48c20684a049' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-2af9cade-be83-48f0-9bf4-8d4f81bf9e3c' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-2af9cade-be83-48f0-9bf4-8d4f81bf9e3c' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-56c510c5-204b-493e-adc0-8f828dfa4820' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-56c510c5-204b-493e-adc0-8f828dfa4820' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>air</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, lat, lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-e6a0286e-e925-4254-b54d-326b5f74c2b8' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e6a0286e-e925-4254-b54d-326b5f74c2b8' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-45c2199f-e6fb-4ea9-b6d7-3f5f79e9c043' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-45c2199f-e6fb-4ea9-b6d7-3f5f79e9c043' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[3869000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>scalar</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-463e84c7-8b95-4802-afd2-dedb9c4257d0' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-463e84c7-8b95-4802-afd2-dedb9c4257d0' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-80fa2128-f551-4c04-b865-0ba20b59acf3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-80fa2128-f551-4c04-b865-0ba20b59acf3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[1 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-4143c28a-12e7-46ee-82ef-f33e5592145f' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-4143c28a-12e7-46ee-82ef-f33e5592145f' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-8ccd07b0-d4a3-4cbf-b7c0-55a2b17161f6' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-8ccd07b0-d4a3-4cbf-b7c0-55a2b17161f6' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-2c5383c9-5adc-486a-9123-1af878605a89' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-2c5383c9-5adc-486a-9123-1af878605a89' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-68ee86d6-d86c-4351-a74a-d42dd166e6e0' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-68ee86d6-d86c-4351-a74a-d42dd166e6e0' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-3b0aaf69-fa67-449f-b36c-97db6742551d' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-3b0aaf69-fa67-449f-b36c-97db6742551d' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>COARDS</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>Data is from NMC initialized reanalysis\n",
       "(4x/day).  These are the 0.9950 sigma level values.</dd><dt><span>platform :</span></dt><dd>Model</dd><dt><span>references :</span></dt><dd>http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>4x daily NMC reanalysis (1948)</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:  (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    air      (time, lat, lon) float32 ...\n",
       "    scalar   float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    Conventions:  COARDS\n",
       "    description:  Data is from NMC initialized reanalysis\\n(4x/day).  These a...\n",
       "    platform:     Model\n",
       "    references:   http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanaly...\n",
       "    title:        4x daily NMC reanalysis (1948)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%autoreload\n",
    "\n",
    "# Consolidated must be False\n",
    "ds = xr.open_dataset(store, engine=\"kvikio\", consolidated=False)\n",
    "print(ds.air._variable._data)\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6d301bec-e64b-4a8f-9c20-5dab56721561",
   "metadata": {
    "jp-MarkdownHeadingCollapsed": true,
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## Create example dataset\n",
    "\n",
    "- cannot be compressed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "d481cc3b-420e-4b7c-8c5e-77d874128b12",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "airt = xr.tutorial.open_dataset(\"air_temperature\", engine=\"netcdf4\")\n",
    "for var in airt.variables:\n",
    "    airt[var].encoding[\"compressor\"] = None\n",
    "airt[\"scalar\"] = 12.0\n",
    "airt.to_zarr(store, mode=\"w\", consolidated=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "883d5507-988f-453a-b576-87bb563b540f",
   "metadata": {
    "jp-MarkdownHeadingCollapsed": true,
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## Test opening\n",
    "\n",
    "### Standard usage"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "58063142-b69b-46a5-9e4d-a83944e57857",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "html[theme=dark],\n",
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       "  --xr-font-color3: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);\n",
       "  --xr-border-color: #1F1F1F;\n",
       "  --xr-disabled-color: #515151;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-even: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-odd: #313131;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-wrap {\n",
       "  display: block !important;\n",
       "  min-width: 300px;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  /* fallback to plain text repr when CSS is not injected (untrusted notebook) */\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-header {\n",
       "  padding-top: 6px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 6px;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "  border-bottom: solid 1px var(--xr-border-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header > div,\n",
       ".xr-header > ul {\n",
       "  display: inline;\n",
       "  margin-top: 0;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type,\n",
       ".xr-array-name {\n",
       "  margin-left: 2px;\n",
       "  margin-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-sections {\n",
       "  padding-left: 0 !important;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 150px auto auto 1fr 20px 20px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label:hover {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color0);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary {\n",
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       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "  font-weight: 500;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary > span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in + label:before {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  content: '►';\n",
       "  font-size: 11px;\n",
       "  width: 15px;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
       "  content: '▼';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label > span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary,\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  padding-top: 4px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked ~ .xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 20px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap > label {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  vertical-align: top;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-preview {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-preview,\n",
       ".xr-array-data {\n",
       "  padding: 0 5px !important;\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  list-style: none;\n",
       "  padding: 0 !important;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:before {\n",
       "  content: '(';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:after {\n",
       "  content: ')';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li:not(:last-child):after {\n",
       "  content: ',';\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
       ".xr-var-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
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       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
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       "  text-align: right;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 4;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-index-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / 5;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data-in:checked ~ .xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-name div,\n",
       ".xr-index-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;air&#x27; (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)&gt;\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'air'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-dfb81878-2b3a-40ef-89ae-e49855777629' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-dfb81878-2b3a-40ef-89ae-e49855777629' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>[3869000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-96522ad4-08e2-4f5d-83e9-cd32eaf0bed6' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-96522ad4-08e2-4f5d-83e9-cd32eaf0bed6' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-d256c3df-7bd1-43ae-bcca-26f744f64807' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d256c3df-7bd1-43ae-bcca-26f744f64807' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c75a38be-4a91-4eda-8aa7-6c1d01c5e743' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c75a38be-4a91-4eda-8aa7-6c1d01c5e743' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-80ce9989-99e2-47ae-ab74-2c2f997a0baa' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-80ce9989-99e2-47ae-ab74-2c2f997a0baa' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-aa5029b6-2286-4b21-8f9d-997d13827e63' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-aa5029b6-2286-4b21-8f9d-997d13827e63' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-c3b9fe9b-f2cb-4d10-b252-dc84abeeafb6' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-c3b9fe9b-f2cb-4d10-b252-dc84abeeafb6' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-5125de8c-14dd-444a-b891-d4bb73016722' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-5125de8c-14dd-444a-b891-d4bb73016722' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d87dc654-ba88-46c0-8284-6181bcc91905' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-d87dc654-ba88-46c0-8284-6181bcc91905' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-17515b4a-6fcd-49ba-a7e4-ccffb413142c' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-17515b4a-6fcd-49ba-a7e4-ccffb413142c' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-4f30f4c9-c38e-4a22-8076-cadd5a09d2da' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-4f30f4c9-c38e-4a22-8076-cadd5a09d2da' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-d69539de-ca6e-454c-a1da-615aaa679661' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-d69539de-ca6e-454c-a1da-615aaa679661' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-98c6a4b7-6e33-4a98-b62f-4866eae8ad74' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-98c6a4b7-6e33-4a98-b62f-4866eae8ad74' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(11)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)>\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "xr.open_dataset(store, engine=\"zarr\").air"
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "95161182-6b58-4dbd-9752-9961c251be1a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Now with kvikio!\n",
    "\n",
    " - must read with `consolidated=False` (https://github.com/rapidsai/kvikio/issues/119)\n",
    " - dask.from_zarr to GDSStore / open_mfdataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "8fd27bdf-e317-4de3-891e-41d38d06dcaf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:  (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    air      (time, lat, lon) float32 ...\n",
       "    scalar   float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    Conventions:  COARDS\n",
       "    description:  Data is from NMC initialized reanalysis\\n(4x/day).  These a...\n",
       "    platform:     Model\n",
       "    references:   http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanaly...\n",
       "    title:        4x daily NMC reanalysis (1948)</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b6884293-a8db-4a1d-8955-05196f1e16f5' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-b6884293-a8db-4a1d-8955-05196f1e16f5' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-ebd39377-0ebf-4a91-b722-b83698969422' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-ebd39377-0ebf-4a91-b722-b83698969422' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-075e60a8-96b8-4144-b426-10849da160fe' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-075e60a8-96b8-4144-b426-10849da160fe' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-2d84e35a-907e-4547-a8aa-a6be72f62394' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-2d84e35a-907e-4547-a8aa-a6be72f62394' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-5928aca7-188d-4a27-890d-6117a5cf3d29' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-5928aca7-188d-4a27-890d-6117a5cf3d29' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-cf0a130d-cf75-48df-b1c2-ef93aebc26ed' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-cf0a130d-cf75-48df-b1c2-ef93aebc26ed' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-49f083f1-26b1-4b0b-a32c-fce7d4ff5e42' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-49f083f1-26b1-4b0b-a32c-fce7d4ff5e42' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-8dbfa884-702c-4144-96a9-756250775465' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-8dbfa884-702c-4144-96a9-756250775465' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-01df456a-301e-4cbd-8148-0773343117a6' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-01df456a-301e-4cbd-8148-0773343117a6' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>air</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, lat, lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-458276d9-bb96-48cd-8e18-79c9d657116e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-458276d9-bb96-48cd-8e18-79c9d657116e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-31acfbb8-ff3a-439f-acb4-8d6759fbdc01' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-31acfbb8-ff3a-439f-acb4-8d6759fbdc01' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[3869000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>scalar</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-dea4b2e8-2be9-4817-b349-bb1f76797116' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-dea4b2e8-2be9-4817-b349-bb1f76797116' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7dae139e-c25a-4df5-ad15-920de0c786c0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7dae139e-c25a-4df5-ad15-920de0c786c0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[1 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-8f0ee699-12f3-4352-b9fb-6e701220fad5' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-8f0ee699-12f3-4352-b9fb-6e701220fad5' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-9733f7bd-0492-46be-bb2b-0a1f292fece2' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-9733f7bd-0492-46be-bb2b-0a1f292fece2' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-9ec611b0-2f0b-4090-8973-e4836253e79e' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-9ec611b0-2f0b-4090-8973-e4836253e79e' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-9422357c-ef25-4030-b198-abaf45cbccd0' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-9422357c-ef25-4030-b198-abaf45cbccd0' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-9f2f43ea-5a20-4f89-bbe3-2585a1c3bd7f' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-9f2f43ea-5a20-4f89-bbe3-2585a1c3bd7f' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>COARDS</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>Data is from NMC initialized reanalysis\n",
       "(4x/day).  These are the 0.9950 sigma level values.</dd><dt><span>platform :</span></dt><dd>Model</dd><dt><span>references :</span></dt><dd>http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>4x daily NMC reanalysis (1948)</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:  (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    air      (time, lat, lon) float32 ...\n",
       "    scalar   float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    Conventions:  COARDS\n",
       "    description:  Data is from NMC initialized reanalysis\\n(4x/day).  These a...\n",
       "    platform:     Model\n",
       "    references:   http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanaly...\n",
       "    title:        4x daily NMC reanalysis (1948)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Consolidated must be False\n",
    "ds = xr.open_dataset(store, engine=\"kvikio\", consolidated=False)\n",
    "print(ds.air._variable._data)\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "6c939a04-1588-4693-9483-c6ad7152951a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       ".xr-section-summary {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "  font-weight: 500;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary > span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in + label:before {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  content: '►';\n",
       "  font-size: 11px;\n",
       "  width: 15px;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
       "  content: '▼';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label > span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary,\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  padding-top: 4px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked ~ .xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 20px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap > label {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-preview {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-preview,\n",
       ".xr-array-data {\n",
       "  padding: 0 5px !important;\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  list-style: none;\n",
       "  padding: 0 !important;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:before {\n",
       "  content: '(';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:after {\n",
       "  content: ')';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li:not(:last-child):after {\n",
       "  content: ',';\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
       ".xr-var-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
       "  grid-column: 3;\n",
       "  text-align: right;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 4;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-index-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / 5;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data-in:checked ~ .xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-name div,\n",
       ".xr-index-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;scalar&#x27; ()&gt;\n",
       "[1 values with dtype=float64]</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'scalar'</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-697f015e-bd5b-4c83-988e-0671c665bc0a' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-697f015e-bd5b-4c83-988e-0671c665bc0a' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>[1 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-dfeef7ef-a63d-4b54-b40e-936710642993' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-dfeef7ef-a63d-4b54-b40e-936710642993' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Coordinates: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a39a058e-e4c4-4369-8406-f3aa1ca5be90' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-a39a058e-e4c4-4369-8406-f3aa1ca5be90' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Indexes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-5d2f924f-3e1f-4dcf-9f85-bf01fc1158d4' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-5d2f924f-3e1f-4dcf-9f85-bf01fc1158d4' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'scalar' ()>\n",
       "[1 values with dtype=float64]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds.scalar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "bb84a7ad-84dc-4bb3-8636-3f9416953089",
   "metadata": {
    "jp-MarkdownHeadingCollapsed": true,
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## Lazy reading"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "1ecc39b1-b788-4831-9160-5b35afb83598",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "\n",
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       ".xr-header > ul {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-sections {\n",
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       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;air&#x27; (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)&gt;\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'air'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-ed827236-314a-421d-98cb-719510718cbe' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-ed827236-314a-421d-98cb-719510718cbe' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>[3869000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c8ed30a2-32eb-48b3-8533-09ebbe4b376b' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-c8ed30a2-32eb-48b3-8533-09ebbe4b376b' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-43a00f04-5652-4deb-9036-6527d3b0ce48' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-43a00f04-5652-4deb-9036-6527d3b0ce48' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-66e991ee-1c2c-4984-bf44-0609091a1992' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-66e991ee-1c2c-4984-bf44-0609091a1992' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-02c0bce9-ce75-46ba-8786-843bb1ad051f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-02c0bce9-ce75-46ba-8786-843bb1ad051f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c17febdb-85e3-42fa-8775-c06eb2ae92fc' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c17febdb-85e3-42fa-8775-c06eb2ae92fc' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-2a6bff9e-8237-419a-8e60-09bd6ac61367' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2a6bff9e-8237-419a-8e60-09bd6ac61367' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-b94c646e-72f0-4201-9329-18f3d1206e2b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-b94c646e-72f0-4201-9329-18f3d1206e2b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c21f91f0-ed55-474d-857a-1065cdaea4f9' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-c21f91f0-ed55-474d-857a-1065cdaea4f9' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-0d1059b5-e97b-4bc1-b50f-5bb1e4e641ab' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-0d1059b5-e97b-4bc1-b50f-5bb1e4e641ab' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-1f8831b7-2c13-4200-a3d8-3dc604168bd1' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-1f8831b7-2c13-4200-a3d8-3dc604168bd1' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-bcafd0b4-2bb4-4168-a2dd-d31b4279c5a7' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-bcafd0b4-2bb4-4168-a2dd-d31b4279c5a7' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-f41faef0-8a93-4b02-9fc7-b86daad1ab45' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-f41faef0-8a93-4b02-9fc7-b86daad1ab45' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(11)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)>\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "source": [
    "ds.air"
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    "## Data load for repr"
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       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;air&#x27; (lon: 53)&gt;\n",
       "array([277.29   , 277.4    , 277.79   , 278.6    , 279.5    , 280.1    ,\n",
       "       280.6    , 280.9    , 280.79   , 280.69998, 280.79   , 281.     ,\n",
       "       280.29   , 277.69998, 273.5    , 269.     , 265.5    , 264.     ,\n",
       "       265.19998, 268.1    , 269.79   , 267.9    , 263.     , 258.1    ,\n",
       "       254.59999, 251.79999, 249.59999, 249.89   , 252.29999, 254.     ,\n",
       "       254.29999, 255.89   , 260.     , 263.     , 261.5    , 257.29   ,\n",
       "       255.5    , 258.29   , 264.     , 268.69998, 270.5    , 270.6    ,\n",
       "       271.19998, 272.9    , 274.79   , 276.4    , 278.19998, 280.5    ,\n",
       "       282.9    , 284.69998, 286.1    , 286.9    , 286.6    ],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    lat      float32 50.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "    time     datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'air'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-48efa9c7-f03f-4685-a0fa-ce6a084d254e' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-48efa9c7-f03f-4685-a0fa-ce6a084d254e' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>array([277.29   , 277.4    , 277.79   , 278.6    , 279.5    , 280.1...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([277.29   , 277.4    , 277.79   , 278.6    , 279.5    , 280.1    ,\n",
       "       280.6    , 280.9    , 280.79   , 280.69998, 280.79   , 281.     ,\n",
       "       280.29   , 277.69998, 273.5    , 269.     , 265.5    , 264.     ,\n",
       "       265.19998, 268.1    , 269.79   , 267.9    , 263.     , 258.1    ,\n",
       "       254.59999, 251.79999, 249.59999, 249.89   , 252.29999, 254.     ,\n",
       "       254.29999, 255.89   , 260.     , 263.     , 261.5    , 257.29   ,\n",
       "       255.5    , 258.29   , 264.     , 268.69998, 270.5    , 270.6    ,\n",
       "       271.19998, 272.9    , 274.79   , 276.4    , 278.19998, 280.5    ,\n",
       "       282.9    , 284.69998, 286.1    , 286.9    , 286.6    ],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-02082440-66c5-4b5f-9559-d6b531eb888a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-02082440-66c5-4b5f-9559-d6b531eb888a' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>50.0</div><input id='attrs-944133a5-2a13-4a12-bdec-e26f7351dff5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-944133a5-2a13-4a12-bdec-e26f7351dff5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-b39ae076-4b0a-4b2e-89a4-588f505e1c57' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-b39ae076-4b0a-4b2e-89a4-588f505e1c57' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(50., dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-2581dced-55d6-4870-9ab3-44be988b50bf' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2581dced-55d6-4870-9ab3-44be988b50bf' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-b22f85a0-f1ce-4745-9971-72267569e46e' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-b22f85a0-f1ce-4745-9971-72267569e46e' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01</div><input id='attrs-ebd23d03-9777-4571-92a1-32d15a88b2f4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-ebd23d03-9777-4571-92a1-32d15a88b2f4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d318d5c4-8bcd-4f01-a1e0-106502aff339' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d318d5c4-8bcd-4f01-a1e0-106502aff339' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-7f2d8468-4443-4286-ba5b-35d606c38fb1' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-7f2d8468-4443-4286-ba5b-35d606c38fb1' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-94c0e41c-1d6d-4d02-8451-3612c7f54da2' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-94c0e41c-1d6d-4d02-8451-3612c7f54da2' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c3e3b171-14f7-4553-ac5c-a34fb1e5d82d' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-c3e3b171-14f7-4553-ac5c-a34fb1e5d82d' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(11)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'air' (lon: 53)>\n",
       "array([277.29   , 277.4    , 277.79   , 278.6    , 279.5    , 280.1    ,\n",
       "       280.6    , 280.9    , 280.79   , 280.69998, 280.79   , 281.     ,\n",
       "       280.29   , 277.69998, 273.5    , 269.     , 265.5    , 264.     ,\n",
       "       265.19998, 268.1    , 269.79   , 267.9    , 263.     , 258.1    ,\n",
       "       254.59999, 251.79999, 249.59999, 249.89   , 252.29999, 254.     ,\n",
       "       254.29999, 255.89   , 260.     , 263.     , 261.5    , 257.29   ,\n",
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       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
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       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
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       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
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       "  --xr-font-color2: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.54);\n",
       "  --xr-font-color3: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);\n",
       "  --xr-border-color: #1F1F1F;\n",
       "  --xr-disabled-color: #515151;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-even: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-odd: #313131;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-wrap {\n",
       "  display: block !important;\n",
       "  min-width: 300px;\n",
       "  max-width: 700px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  /* fallback to plain text repr when CSS is not injected (untrusted notebook) */\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header {\n",
       "  padding-top: 6px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 6px;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "  border-bottom: solid 1px var(--xr-border-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header > div,\n",
       ".xr-header > ul {\n",
       "  display: inline;\n",
       "  margin-top: 0;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type,\n",
       ".xr-array-name {\n",
       "  margin-left: 2px;\n",
       "  margin-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-sections {\n",
       "  padding-left: 0 !important;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 150px auto auto 1fr 20px 20px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label:hover {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "  font-weight: 500;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary > span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in + label:before {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  content: '►';\n",
       "  font-size: 11px;\n",
       "  width: 15px;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
       "  content: '▼';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label > span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary,\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  padding-top: 4px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked ~ .xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 20px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap > label {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-preview {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-preview,\n",
       ".xr-array-data {\n",
       "  padding: 0 5px !important;\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  list-style: none;\n",
       "  padding: 0 !important;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:before {\n",
       "  content: '(';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:after {\n",
       "  content: ')';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li:not(:last-child):after {\n",
       "  content: ',';\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
       ".xr-var-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
       "  grid-column: 3;\n",
       "  text-align: right;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 4;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-index-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / 5;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data-in:checked ~ .xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-name div,\n",
       ".xr-index-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;air&#x27; (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)&gt;\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'air'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-d9607bc8-bff4-4b1a-8afc-7d8dbad7c5c1' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-d9607bc8-bff4-4b1a-8afc-7d8dbad7c5c1' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>[3869000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-72846229-c41f-46e9-ac0f-abbf7d77c957' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-72846229-c41f-46e9-ac0f-abbf7d77c957' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-4ff19e1f-bb54-43c3-ba4a-2222439f8aee' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-4ff19e1f-bb54-43c3-ba4a-2222439f8aee' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-47ccd849-ccd3-4699-b281-065093dc903d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-47ccd849-ccd3-4699-b281-065093dc903d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-7fbb782e-8b8a-4361-9a19-adbfa523152f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7fbb782e-8b8a-4361-9a19-adbfa523152f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-209262fe-9f61-45ac-ae14-16939610ff61' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-209262fe-9f61-45ac-ae14-16939610ff61' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-b97dec10-1d64-46c7-ada4-3871f2835948' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b97dec10-1d64-46c7-ada4-3871f2835948' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-6b2b6007-6447-468b-82e0-3152648c0f03' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-6b2b6007-6447-468b-82e0-3152648c0f03' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-9e23ca40-33c1-4ede-9a4d-d849e1a45661' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-9e23ca40-33c1-4ede-9a4d-d849e1a45661' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-51c510cf-f2bb-435f-a01e-1a953f1495d0' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-51c510cf-f2bb-435f-a01e-1a953f1495d0' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-39b9f0dc-3759-423f-9b97-2aaae5dfb66e' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-39b9f0dc-3759-423f-9b97-2aaae5dfb66e' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-2660cbdc-5416-4b8f-bcf3-eb54f291e987' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-2660cbdc-5416-4b8f-bcf3-eb54f291e987' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-9949b7b7-f73c-46eb-bffd-474c371b1d21' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-9949b7b7-f73c-46eb-bffd-474c371b1d21' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(11)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)>\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature"
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     },
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     "metadata": {},
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   "source": [
    "## CuPy array on load"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "1b34a68a-a6b3-4273-bf7c-28814ebfce11",
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       "MemoryCachedArray(array=CopyOnWriteArray(array=LazilyIndexedArray(array=_ElementwiseFunctionArray(LazilyIndexedArray(array=<cupy_xarray.kvikio.CupyZarrArrayWrapper object at 0x2aff2ffd0040>, key=BasicIndexer((slice(None, None, None), slice(None, None, None), slice(None, None, None)))), func=functools.partial(<function _scale_offset_decoding at 0x2affd11f4670>, scale_factor=0.01, add_offset=None, dtype=<class 'numpy.float32'>), dtype=dtype('float32')), key=BasicIndexer((0, 10, slice(None, None, None))))))"
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    "ds[\"air\"].isel(time=0, lat=10).variable._data"
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "db69559c-1fde-4b3b-914d-87d8437ec256",
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "cupy.ndarray"
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     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
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    "type(ds[\"air\"].isel(time=0, lat=10).load().data)"
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   "source": [
    "## Load to host"
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   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "09b40d7d-ed38-4a50-af11-c2e5f0242a97",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;air&#x27; (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)&gt;\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
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       "Attributes:\n",
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       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
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       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'air'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-06f19e85-7878-4938-b11a-75ee4586e388' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-06f19e85-7878-4938-b11a-75ee4586e388' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>[3869000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-be7e94fe-f911-4d75-a8c5-e698eddac96b' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-be7e94fe-f911-4d75-a8c5-e698eddac96b' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-48e49787-774b-4b6b-9a14-2445ac3dbb4e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-48e49787-774b-4b6b-9a14-2445ac3dbb4e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-9f8af545-0944-456b-bb2a-df07143e05a1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-9f8af545-0944-456b-bb2a-df07143e05a1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-639b6921-de77-4ae1-b40d-cad8e256b03e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-639b6921-de77-4ae1-b40d-cad8e256b03e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-96598d51-d9bf-4d44-abbd-886020e9d4f0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-96598d51-d9bf-4d44-abbd-886020e9d4f0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-728c965c-e5fc-4292-8672-21fa92ec6a8b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-728c965c-e5fc-4292-8672-21fa92ec6a8b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-1a3d8f1f-6457-4865-a2ae-ece39fda955d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-1a3d8f1f-6457-4865-a2ae-ece39fda955d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-0c20317b-2633-4231-a94b-78b6d73c8f51' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-0c20317b-2633-4231-a94b-78b6d73c8f51' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-04f33f0f-54af-4d1e-b51f-e72ebd18c7fe' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-04f33f0f-54af-4d1e-b51f-e72ebd18c7fe' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-8517d89c-2d00-48b5-a545-1f24c9386c26' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-8517d89c-2d00-48b5-a545-1f24c9386c26' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-803885a7-51f2-4bd9-a69d-81333885cb05' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-803885a7-51f2-4bd9-a69d-81333885cb05' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-01891f04-2f18-4c76-9301-ae8a40faae6d' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-01891f04-2f18-4c76-9301-ae8a40faae6d' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(11)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)>\n",
       "[3869000 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds.air"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "eeb9ad78-1353-464f-8419-4c44ea499f17",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "numpy.ndarray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(ds.air.as_numpy().data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "615efd76-2194-4604-9ab8-61499e7d725d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "cupy.ndarray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(ds.air.data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "140fe3e2-ea9b-445d-8401-5c624384c182",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "cupy.ndarray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(ds.air.mean(\"time\").load().data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cab539a7-d952-4b38-b515-712c52c62501",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## Doesn't work: Chunk with dask"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "62c084eb-8df4-4b7f-a187-a736d68d430d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`meta` is wrong"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "68f93bfe-fe56-488a-a10b-dc4f48029367",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
       "  content: '▼';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label > span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary,\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  padding-top: 4px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked ~ .xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 20px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap > label {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-preview {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-preview,\n",
       ".xr-array-data {\n",
       "  padding: 0 5px !important;\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  list-style: none;\n",
       "  padding: 0 !important;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:before {\n",
       "  content: '(';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:after {\n",
       "  content: ')';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li:not(:last-child):after {\n",
       "  content: ',';\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
       ".xr-var-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
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       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-index-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / 5;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
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       "\n",
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       "}\n",
       "\n",
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       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
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       "\n",
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       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;air&#x27; (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)&gt;\n",
       "dask.array&lt;xarray-air, shape=(2920, 25, 53), dtype=float32, chunksize=(10, 25, 53), chunktype=numpy.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'air'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 2920</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 25</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 53</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-405ea029-ab63-480d-ad1d-6342387cfa54' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-405ea029-ab63-480d-ad1d-6342387cfa54' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(10, 25, 53), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\">\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 14.76 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 51.76 kiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2920, 25, 53) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (10, 25, 53) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Dask graph </th>\n",
       "                        <td colspan=\"2\"> 292 chunks in 2 graph layers </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Data type </th>\n",
       "                        <td colspan=\"2\"> float32 numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
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       "</table></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a5ca115b-ff1f-403f-bb24-0078f720702a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-a5ca115b-ff1f-403f-bb24-0078f720702a' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>75.0 72.5 70.0 ... 20.0 17.5 15.0</div><input id='attrs-acfe06c2-95ab-436d-a85c-b12c601b3cac' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-acfe06c2-95ab-436d-a85c-b12c601b3cac' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-86a4b8eb-50ed-4a39-a2b7-9a3e179b6872' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-86a4b8eb-50ed-4a39-a2b7-9a3e179b6872' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>Y</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([75. , 72.5, 70. , 67.5, 65. , 62.5, 60. , 57.5, 55. , 52.5, 50. , 47.5,\n",
       "       45. , 42.5, 40. , 37.5, 35. , 32.5, 30. , 27.5, 25. , 22.5, 20. , 17.5,\n",
       "       15. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>200.0 202.5 205.0 ... 327.5 330.0</div><input id='attrs-102e79eb-db2f-4049-95e7-dbf933f5a112' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-102e79eb-db2f-4049-95e7-dbf933f5a112' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7397a0b6-1dc1-41f1-8339-62342df51cbf' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7397a0b6-1dc1-41f1-8339-62342df51cbf' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>axis :</span></dt><dd>X</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([200. , 202.5, 205. , 207.5, 210. , 212.5, 215. , 217.5, 220. , 222.5,\n",
       "       225. , 227.5, 230. , 232.5, 235. , 237.5, 240. , 242.5, 245. , 247.5,\n",
       "       250. , 252.5, 255. , 257.5, 260. , 262.5, 265. , 267.5, 270. , 272.5,\n",
       "       275. , 277.5, 280. , 282.5, 285. , 287.5, 290. , 292.5, 295. , 297.5,\n",
       "       300. , 302.5, 305. , 307.5, 310. , 312.5, 315. , 317.5, 320. , 322.5,\n",
       "       325. , 327.5, 330. ], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-93eba832-eb58-4240-8b7a-a253e5848b55' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-93eba832-eb58-4240-8b7a-a253e5848b55' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-663c7c2b-c895-4309-a857-bab7baf8b466' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-663c7c2b-c895-4309-a857-bab7baf8b466' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2013-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2013-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2014-12-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2014-12-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-5cc7069f-09ad-4bd0-9899-868a0316ce98' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-5cc7069f-09ad-4bd0-9899-868a0316ce98' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lat</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-0ba85510-1a91-4c51-bc64-ed589d87f954' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-0ba85510-1a91-4c51-bc64-ed589d87f954' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([75.0, 72.5, 70.0, 67.5, 65.0, 62.5, 60.0, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0, 47.5,\n",
       "       45.0, 42.5, 40.0, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5, 30.0, 27.5, 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5,\n",
       "       15.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lat&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>lon</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-452cf42c-eeef-49ea-8c1f-3a7113e1bde7' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-452cf42c-eeef-49ea-8c1f-3a7113e1bde7' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([200.0, 202.5, 205.0, 207.5, 210.0, 212.5, 215.0, 217.5, 220.0, 222.5,\n",
       "       225.0, 227.5, 230.0, 232.5, 235.0, 237.5, 240.0, 242.5, 245.0, 247.5,\n",
       "       250.0, 252.5, 255.0, 257.5, 260.0, 262.5, 265.0, 267.5, 270.0, 272.5,\n",
       "       275.0, 277.5, 280.0, 282.5, 285.0, 287.5, 290.0, 292.5, 295.0, 297.5,\n",
       "       300.0, 302.5, 305.0, 307.5, 310.0, 312.5, 315.0, 317.5, 320.0, 322.5,\n",
       "       325.0, 327.5, 330.0],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;lon&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>time</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-d9abf6ec-dc50-4084-aa83-ef04290c7acd' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-d9abf6ec-dc50-4084-aa83-ef04290c7acd' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex([&#x27;2013-01-01 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-01 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-01 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-02 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-02 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2013-01-03 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2013-01-03 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               ...\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-29 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-29 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-30 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-30 18:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 00:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 06:00:00&#x27;,\n",
       "               &#x27;2014-12-31 12:00:00&#x27;, &#x27;2014-12-31 18:00:00&#x27;],\n",
       "              dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;, name=&#x27;time&#x27;, length=2920, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-e5d6c10a-d287-497a-bd10-c51388356ae1' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-e5d6c10a-d287-497a-bd10-c51388356ae1' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(11)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_id :</span></dt><dd>11</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>TMP</dd><dt><span>actual_range :</span></dt><dd>[185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]</dd><dt><span>dataset :</span></dt><dd>NMC Reanalysis</dd><dt><span>level_desc :</span></dt><dd>Surface</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995</dd><dt><span>parent_stat :</span></dt><dd>Other</dd><dt><span>precision :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>statistic :</span></dt><dd>Individual Obs</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degK</dd><dt><span>var_desc :</span></dt><dd>Air temperature</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)>\n",
       "dask.array<xarray-air, shape=(2920, 25, 53), dtype=float32, chunksize=(10, 25, 53), chunktype=numpy.ndarray>\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) float32 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) float32 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 322.5 325.0 327.5 330.0\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_id:       11\n",
       "    GRIB_name:     TMP\n",
       "    actual_range:  [185.16000366210938, 322.1000061035156]\n",
       "    dataset:       NMC Reanalysis\n",
       "    level_desc:    Surface\n",
       "    long_name:     4xDaily Air temperature at sigma level 995\n",
       "    parent_stat:   Other\n",
       "    precision:     2\n",
       "    statistic:     Individual Obs\n",
       "    units:         degK\n",
       "    var_desc:      Air temperature"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds.chunk(time=10).air"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3f4c72f6-22e7-4e99-9f4e-2524d6ab4226",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`dask.array.core.getter` calls `np.asarray` on each chunk.\n",
    "\n",
    "This calls `ImplicitToExplicitIndexingAdapter.__array__` which calls `np.asarray(cupy.array)` which raises.\n",
    "\n",
    "Xarray uses `.get_duck_array` internally to remove these adapters. We might need to add\n",
    "```python\n",
    "# handle xarray internal classes that might wrap cupy\n",
    "if hasattr(c, \"get_duck_array\"):\n",
    "    c = c.get_duck_array()\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    c = np.asarray(c)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "e1256d03-9701-433a-8291-80dc8dccffce",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from dask.utils import is_arraylike\n",
    "\n",
    "data = ds.air.variable._data\n",
    "is_arraylike(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "308affa5-9fb9-4638-989b-97aac2604c16",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from xarray.core.indexing import ImplicitToExplicitIndexingAdapter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "985cd2f8-406e-4e9e-8017-42efb16aa40e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ImplicitToExplicitIndexingAdapter(data).get_duck_array()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "fa8ef4f7-5014-476f-b4c0-ec2f9abdb6e2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ds.chunk(time=10).air.compute()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "17dc1bf6-7548-4eee-a5f3-ebcc20d41567",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### explicit meta"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "cdd4b4e6-d69a-4898-964a-0e6096ca1942",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import cupy as cp\n",
    "\n",
    "chunked = ds.chunk(time=10, from_array_kwargs={\"meta\": cp.array([])})\n",
    "chunked.air"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "74f80d94-ebb6-43c3-9411-79e0442d894e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%autoreload\n",
    "\n",
    "chunked.compute()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1c07c449-bc43-490a-ac38-11e93200133d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## GroupBy with flox\n",
    "\n",
    "Requires\n",
    "\n",
    "1. flox main branch?\n",
    "2. https://github.com/ml31415/numpy-groupies/pull/63"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c292cf77-c99e-40fa-8cad-d8914c346b29",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ds.air.groupby(\"time.month\").mean()"
   ]
  }
 ],
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