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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2017/12/25/hexo-setup.html" itemprop="url">Linux下用Hexo搭建博客小记</a></h1>
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<blockquote class="blockquote-center">Talk is cheap. Show me the code.</blockquote>
<p>第一篇，权当练手+测试</p>
<h1 id="Hexo简介"><a href="#Hexo简介" class="headerlink" title="Hexo简介"></a>Hexo简介</h1><p>Hexo是一个基于Node.js的静态博客软件，可用Linux/Windows/Mac部署，也可直接托管在Github上，简单易学。<br>用hexo写博客的步骤是：</p>
<ol>
<li>在本地用markdown语法写一篇文章；</li>
<li>在本地生成静态网页，并启动本地server调试</li>
<li>调试完成后，由于Github Pages可以解析静态页面，因此直接上传到gitpages就可以。</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="安装Hexo"><a href="#安装Hexo" class="headerlink" title="安装Hexo"></a>安装Hexo</h1><p>下面的过程基于Debian 4.13.4-2，其他系统的安装类似，也可以从<a href="https://hexo.io/docs/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方文档</a>找到。</p>
<p>安装Git:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$ sudo apt-get install git-core</p>
</blockquote>
<p>安装Node.js:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$ wget -qO- <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.2/install.sh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.2/install.sh</a> | bash</p>
</blockquote>
<p>注意这里不需要sudo，直接用普通用户即可。</p>
<p>装完nvm之后，重启终端并安装Node.js: </p>
<blockquote>
<p>nvm install stable</p>
</blockquote>
<p>安装Hexo:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>npm install -g hexo-cli</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="初始化Hexo"><a href="#初始化Hexo" class="headerlink" title="初始化Hexo"></a>初始化Hexo</h1><ol>
<li>本地新建一个目录如blog</li>
<li>进入该目录，执行hexo init</li>
<li>运行npm install</li>
<li>最后运行hexo generate && hexo server (或者简写为hexo g && hexo s)，会在<a href="http://localhost:4000启动一个本地服务器供调试。" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:4000启动一个本地服务器供调试。</a></li>
<li>如果<a href="http://localhost:4000可以正常访问显示“Hello" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:4000可以正常访问显示“Hello</a> World”，说明搭建成功啦！</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="部署到Github-Pages"><a href="#部署到Github-Pages" class="headerlink" title="部署到Github Pages"></a>部署到Github Pages</h1><p>首先需要确保拥有一个github账号，并按照Github Pages文档创建一个repository。<br>该repository的名称有严格规定：<username>.github.io<br>如我的用户名是guolianghan，对应的repository名称就是guolianghan.github.io。</p>
<p>为了将来免密码登录，需要把本机的公钥(~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub)复制到github上，然后用如下命令测试：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$ ssh -T [email protected]</p>
</blockquote>
<p>输入yes，如果看到”You’ve successfully authenticated”字样，就说明ssh公钥上传成功了。</p>
<p>接下来修改blog目录中的_config.yml配置文件，找到deploy字段，修改为(用户名改为自己的)：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deploy:</span><br><span class="line"> type: git</span><br><span class="line"> repository: [email protected]:<username>/<username>.github.io.git</span><br><span class="line"> branch: master</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后执行下述命令生成并推送到github:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$ npm install hexo-deployer-git -save && hexo g && hexo d</p>
</blockquote>
<p>以后<a href="https://<username>.github.io就可以作为博客地址了。默认就有HTTPS小绿锁，很赞！" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://<username>.github.io就可以作为博客地址了。默认就有HTTPS小绿锁，很赞！</a></p>
<h1 id="绑定自己的域名"><a href="#绑定自己的域名" class="headerlink" title="绑定自己的域名"></a>绑定自己的域名</h1><p>比起Github默认的域名来说，自己申请的域名还是用起来更舒心一些。<br>要使用自己的域名，方法主要有两种:</p>
<ol>
<li>用dnspod作为权威域名服务器，添加一条DNS的CNAME记录指向<a href="https://<username>.github.io。这个方案的优点是DNSPOD公司性能优化得好，国内访问快；但HTTPS协议限制了，如果请求的HOST和服务器证书的DNS名称不匹配，就不能建立起https连接。因此本方案的缺点是没法上https，让人总感觉有些不够放心；" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://<username>.github.io。这个方案的优点是DNSPOD公司性能优化得好，国内访问快；但HTTPS协议限制了，如果请求的HOST和服务器证书的DNS名称不匹配，就不能建立起https连接。因此本方案的缺点是没法上https，让人总感觉有些不够放心；</a></li>
<li>用Cloudflare CDN。Cloudflare可以做HTTPS反向代理，并且可以配置为Flexible SSL模式（仅client和Cloudflare之间用https连接，Cloudflare和Server之间用http），或者Full SSL模式（前后端都是用https连接）。所以这个方案的优点是可以上https，缺点是国内的DNS延时会有100多ms，另外你需要信任Cloudflare的服务，因此可当做短期方案；</li>
<li>用自己的VPS，使用Let’s Encrypt上HTTPS证书，配置反向代理。如果能找到延时小的VPS，这个方案是最理想的，完全可控，安全性最高，可以当做长期方案。</li>
</ol>
<p>目前我暂时用的是第二种方案。用Cloudflare绑定域名的方法如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>注册cloudflare账号，在DNS页面->Cloudflare Nameservers，找到为本域名服务的NS域名；</li>
<li>在域名提供商处，将自己的域名的NS记录指向上述的两个NS地址，大概需要几个小时生效;</li>
<li>在Cloudflare页面->DNS->DNS Records，添加三条记录：两条A记录分别指向192.168.252.153和192.168.252.154(Github Pages的地址，目前不支持IPv6)，另一条CNAME记录重命名为<username>.github.io。</li>
</ol>
<p>用Cloudflare开启HTTPS的方法：</p>
<ol>
<li>在Cloudflare->Crypto页面，SSL选择flexible SSL/Full SSL，稍等一会才会生效；</li>
<li>在Cloudflare->Crypto页面，Always use HTTPS打开；</li>
<li>http重定向到https: Cloudflare->Page Rules，添加两条规则：<ul>
<li><a href="http://<your-domain-name>/\*" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://<your-domain-name>/\*</a> —– Always Use HTTPS</li>
<li>*<your-domain-name>/* —- Always Online: On, Automatic HTTPS Rewrites: On</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>加入<a href="http://www.jianshu.com/p/caa80c7ad45c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">HSTS</a>的Preload List。<ul>
<li>在Cloudflare->Crypto页面, 开启HSTS，Max-Age设置为12个月，其他选项都打开</li>
<li>访问HSTS Preload List的<a href="https://hstspreload.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方网站</a>，将本域名检查并收录。大概需要几天时间才能审核通过。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>上述步骤之后，https和重定向功能会持续一段时间不稳定，可能出现不跳转https，可能会出现证书不匹配等错误。不用担心，不用提issue，大概过2天之后，就完全稳定下来了。</p>
<h1 id="参考文章"><a href="#参考文章" class="headerlink" title="参考文章"></a>参考文章</h1><p><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/973e718e3096" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.jianshu.com/p/973e718e3096</a><br><a href="https://g2ex.github.io/2015/10/14/Hexo-with-SSL-Hosted-on-Github-Page/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://g2ex.github.io/2015/10/14/Hexo-with-SSL-Hosted-on-Github-Page/</a><br><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/caa80c7ad45c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.jianshu.com/p/caa80c7ad45c</a></p>
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