Flask_ Building Python Web Services-Packt Publishing(2017)-ReadingNotes.md / Learning Path

Flask By Example

Hello World!

“from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return "Hello, World!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=5000, debug=True)”

部署到VPS

hello.wsgi

 import sys
 sys.path.insert(0, "/var/www/firstapp")
 from hello import app as application

/etc/apache2/sites-available／hello.conf

 <VirtualHost *>
     ServerName example.com

     WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/firstapp/hello.wsgi
     WSGIDaemonProcess hello
     <Directory /var/www/firstapp>
        WSGIProcessGroup hello
        WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
         Order deny,allow
         Allow from all
     </Directory>
 </VirtualHost>

启用

 sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
 sudo a2ensite hello.conf
 sudo service apache2 reload

Getting Started with Our Headlines Project

pip install --user feedparser

	feed = feedparser.parse(BBC_FEED)
  	first_article = feed['entries'][0]

url路由参数

@app.route("/<publication>")
def get_news(publication="bbc"):
	...

使用模板（Jinja2）

from flask import render_template

...
return render_template("home.html", title=first_article.get("title"),summary=first_article.get("summary"))
	#使用命名参数？-- 也可以传递一个python对象

带循环的Jinja模板：

<body>
    <h1>Headlines</h1>
    {% for article in articles %}
        <b>{{article.title}}</b><br />
        <i>{{article.published}}</i><br />
        <p>{{article.summary}}</p>
        <hr />
    {% endfor %}
</body>

处理用户输入

url查询参数： query = request.args.get("publication")
- 这里request是隐式变量？还是说由@app.route("/")装饰器注入的？

POST参数

Change request.args.get to request.form.get (mdzz，这里API风格就不一致了)
@app.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
天气API JSON解析：

	data = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
	parsed = json.loads(data)

汇率？ CURRENCY_URL = "https://openexchangerates.org//api/latest.json?app_id=<your-api-key-here>

提高用户体验

cookies
- 这里的API用法太繁琐了，简直就是C语言的风格...
添加CSS：外部、内部、inline

Building an Interactive Crime Map

import pymysql

这个MySQL查询API也非常原始，不知道性能与PHP或JDBC的相比如何？

 def add_input(self, data):
     connection = self.connect()
     try:
 	    # The following introduces a deliberate security flaw. See section on SQL injection below
 	    query = "INSERT INTO crimes (description) VALUES ('{}');".format(data)
 	    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
     		cursor.execute(query)
     		connection.commit()
 	finally:
   		connection.close()

防御SQL注入攻击: query中使用%s作为占位符，同时带参数的cursor.execute(query, data)

集成Google Maps

略

校验用户输入

Validating versus sanitizing

Building a Waiter Caller App

使用Bootstrap
- 所谓的class="col-md-4”
处理用户登录

from flask.ext.login import LoginManager
from flask.ext.login import login_required

app = Flask(__name__)
login_manager = LoginManager(app)

@login_required
...

下略

Template Inheritance and WTForms

CSRF

Using MongoDB

这就完了？Flask这个库感觉不昨的

Flask Framework Cookbook

Flask配置

Templating with Jinja2（现在不太喜欢这种后端模板了！）

完全可以使用前端框架+前端模板编译，再加上SSR（服务器端渲染）

Data Modeling in Flask

$ pip install flask-sqlalchemy

class Product(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(255))
    price = db.Column(db.Float)

就语法上看，Spring Data比sqlalchemy好不到哪里去，而且Spring本身还需要编译。（不过Python就算没有JIT，其性能不应该是高并发情况下的瓶颈吧？）

不过ORM的优点是能够生成代码：

@catalog.route('/product/<id>')
def product(id):
    product = Product.query.get_or_404(id)
    return 'Product - %s, $%s' % (product.name, product.price)

Database migration using Alembic and Flask-Migrate
- 数据库迁移的概念都是来自于Ruby on Rails吧？

Views

Webforms with WTForms

CSRF保护

app.config['WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY'] = 'random key for form”

<form method="POST" action="/some-action-like-create-product">
    {{ form.csrf_token }}
</form>

Authenticating in Flask

RESTful API Building

Internationalization and Localization

Debugging, Error Handling, and Testing

pdb调试: import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
Using mocking to avoid real API access

Deployment and Post Deployment

Apache
uWSGI and nginx
GUnicorn and Supervisor
Tornado

from tornado.wsgi import WSGIContainer
from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
from my_app import app

http_server = HTTPServer(WSGIContainer(app))
http_server.listen(5000)
IOLoop.instance().start()

Fabric
S3文件上传
- $ pip install boto
Heroku
AWS Elastic Beanstalk
Pingdom应用监控
New Relic APM

Other Tips and Tricks

Celery is a task queue for Python.

Mastering Flask

Creating Models with SQLAlchemy

Relationships between models
- 这让我想起以前配置Hibernate的经历了，矬～
SQLAlchemy sessions：handler of transactions

Creating Controllers with Blueprints

“In Flask, a blueprint is a method of extending an existing Flask app.” ？

Advanced Application Structure

Securing Your App

Using NoSQL

CRUD（mongodb）
Relationships in NoSQL

class Post(mongo.Document):
    title = mongo.StringField(required=True)
    text = mongo.StringField()
    publish_date = mongo.DateTimeField(
        default=datetime.datetime.now()
    )
    user = mongo.ReferenceField(User)
    comments = mongo.ListField(
        mongo.EmbeddedDocumentField(Comment)
    )

Building RESTful APIs

怎么又搞一套请求处理框架？？

Creating Asynchronous Tasks with Celery

Useful Flask Extensions

Flask Assets：资源文件的优化（NodeJS里面一般交给build系统处理）

Building Your Own Extension

Testing Flask Apps

Deploying Flask Apps

Gevent（现在不应该使用asyncio了吗）

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