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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<h1>Modeling Superparamagnetic Micro-Robots for Non-Invasive Surgical Procedures</h1>
<center><h3>Authors: Trevor Tong, Jett Brister, William Kluck, Mukund Gurumurthi</h3></center>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
According to the National Library of Medicine, there have been approximately 314 acute myocardial infarctions or
heart attacks per 100,000 hospitalizations in the United States since 2001. On top of this, the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that more than 765,000 people in the United States are victims of strokes
every year. At the root of both of these pathological phenomena is the formation of life-threatening circulatory
thromboses, which generate dense fibrin clots that occlude the body’s capacity to efficiently and effectively
transport oxygenated blood to its vital organs. The solution our group poses to diminish this problem are
MicroBots, a cutting-edge technological approach that implements micro-scale colloidal particles that can be
actuated using an external magnetic field to drive to the site of an internal blood clot and lyse the heart
attack or stroke before it can fully develop in the body! This biological and biomedical problem carries both
intellectual and social merit, providing scientists and physicians a pipeline for future research on the use of
microscopic materials within the tortuous environments of the human body system. Also, this biological problem
is pertinent to populations such as that of the African American community, who are more hereditarily predisposed
to clot-causing diseases such as sickle cell disease according to the American Society of Hematology. Therefore,
in order to prevent health complications related to the formation of thrombosis and advance the development of
biomedical tools for minimally-invasive procedures, the MicroBot is the optimal choice.
</p>
<p>
Consequently, we plan to approach this biological problem by implementing multiple BIOL300 and BIOL301 concepts
within our project portfolio. In the initial phase of the project, we will collect videos in TIF format of a
MicroBot translating in a straight line across a microscopic gasket. Using the contrast within the photo, we
will perform image analysis on the frames of the video by thresholding and median filtering each image to locate
the bot and track its motion to model a differential equation for the bot’s velocity. The “skimage” python module
will be the primary image analysis tool, and the resultant velocity model will then be plotted to generate
interactive graphs with the “holoviews” and “bokeh” modules. In the final phase of the project, the image analysis
code will be paired with the parametrized velocity equation to generate graphs with sliders containing both the
actual and projected/predicted trajectories of the MicroBot. By changing the sliders, the varying paths of the
MicroBot can be visualized under differing conditions associated with the velocity equation. In theory, this will
provide physicians or scientists a tool they can use to visualize the path of a MicroBot within the human
circulatory system to plan out their approach for the surgical removal of a blood clot.
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