diff --git a/browser/ssl/certificate_transparency_browsertest.cc b/browser/ssl/certificate_transparency_browsertest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41d0e9002cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/browser/ssl/certificate_transparency_browsertest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 The Brave Authors. All rights reserved.
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
+ * You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+// Based on chromium's
+// chrome/browser/ssl/certificate_transparency_browsertest.cc under this
+// license:
+//
+//   Copyright 2022 The Chromium Authors
+//   Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+//   found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "base/run_loop.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/net/system_network_context_manager.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/profiles/profile.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/ssl/cert_verifier_browser_test.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/ssl/ssl_browsertest_util.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/ui/browser.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/ui/tabs/tab_strip_model.h"
+#include "chrome/test/base/in_process_browser_test.h"
+#include "chrome/test/base/ui_test_utils.h"
+#include "components/policy/core/common/mock_configuration_policy_provider.h"
+#include "content/public/browser/storage_partition.h"
+#include "content/public/test/browser_test.h"
+#include "crypto/sha2.h"
+#include "net/base/hash_value.h"
+#include "net/cert/asn1_util.h"
+#include "net/cert/x509_util.h"
+#include "net/dns/mock_host_resolver.h"
+#include "net/test/cert_test_util.h"
+#include "net/test/embedded_test_server/embedded_test_server.h"
+#include "net/test/test_data_directory.h"
+#include "testing/gmock/include/gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// Returns the Sha256 hash of the SPKI of |cert|.
+net::HashValue GetSPKIHash(const CRYPTO_BUFFER* cert) {
+  base::StringPiece spki_bytes;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(net::asn1::ExtractSPKIFromDERCert(
+      net::x509_util::CryptoBufferAsStringPiece(cert), &spki_bytes));
+  net::HashValue sha256(net::HASH_VALUE_SHA256);
+  crypto::SHA256HashString(spki_bytes, sha256.data(), crypto::kSHA256Length);
+  return sha256;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Class used to run browser tests that verify SSL UI triggered due to
+// Certificate Transparency verification failures/successes.
+class CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest : public CertVerifierBrowserTest {
+ public:
+  CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest()
+      : https_server_(net::EmbeddedTestServer::TYPE_HTTPS) {
+    SystemNetworkContextManager::SetEnableCertificateTransparencyForTesting(
+        true);
+  }
+
+  CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest(
+      const CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest&) = delete;
+  CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest& operator=(
+      const CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest&) = delete;
+
+  ~CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest() override {}
+
+  void SetUpOnMainThread() override {
+    CertVerifierBrowserTest::SetUpOnMainThread();
+    host_resolver()->AddRule("*", "127.0.0.1");
+    https_server_.AddDefaultHandlers(GetChromeTestDataDir());
+  }
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    policy_provider_.SetDefaultReturns(
+        /*is_initialization_complete_return=*/true,
+        /*is_first_policy_load_complete_return=*/true);
+    CertVerifierBrowserTest::SetUp();
+  }
+
+  void SetUpCertVerifier() {
+    content::StoragePartition* partition =
+        browser()->profile()->GetDefaultStoragePartition();
+    partition->GetNetworkContext()->SetCTLogListAlwaysTimelyForTesting();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(https_server()->Start());
+
+    net::CertVerifyResult verify_result;
+    verify_result.verified_cert =
+        net::ImportCertFromFile(net::GetTestCertsDirectory(), "may_2018.pem");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(verify_result.verified_cert);
+    verify_result.is_issued_by_known_root = true;
+    verify_result.public_key_hashes.push_back(
+        GetSPKIHash(verify_result.verified_cert->cert_buffer()));
+
+    mock_cert_verifier()->AddResultForCert(
+        https_server()->GetCertificate().get(), verify_result, net::OK);
+  }
+
+  net::EmbeddedTestServer* https_server() { return &https_server_; }
+
+ private:
+  net::EmbeddedTestServer https_server_;
+
+  testing::NiceMock<policy::MockConfigurationPolicyProvider> policy_provider_;
+};
+
+IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest, EnforcedByDefault) {
+  SetUpCertVerifier();
+
+  // Normal non-exempt URL
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ui_test_utils::NavigateToURL(
+      browser(), https_server()->GetURL("/ssl/google.html")));
+
+  ssl_test_util::CheckSecurityState(
+      browser()->tab_strip_model()->GetActiveWebContents(),
+      net::CERT_STATUS_CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_REQUIRED,
+      security_state::DANGEROUS,
+      ssl_test_util::AuthState::SHOWING_INTERSTITIAL);
+}
+
+IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(CertificateTransparencyBrowserTest, ExemptedHost) {
+  SetUpCertVerifier();
+
+  // URL exempted from SCT requirements
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ui_test_utils::NavigateToURL(
+      browser(), https_server()->GetURL("sct-exempted.bravesoftware.com",
+                                        "/ssl/google.html")));
+
+  ssl_test_util::CheckSecurityState(
+      browser()->tab_strip_model()->GetActiveWebContents(),
+      ssl_test_util::CertError::NONE, security_state::SECURE,
+      ssl_test_util::AuthState::NONE);
+}
diff --git a/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc b/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..db48ebc2d07d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 The Brave Authors. All rights reserved.
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
+ * You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+static const char* kBraveCTExcludedHosts[] = {
+    // Critical endpoints that shouldn't require SCTs so they always work
+    "laptop-updates.brave.com",
+    "updates.bravesoftware.com",
+    "updates-cdn.bravesoftware.com",
+    // Test host for manual testing
+    "sct-exempted.bravesoftware.com",
+};
+
+#define BRAVE_PROFILE_NETWORK_CONTEXT_SERVICE_GET_CT_POLICY \
+  for (const auto* host : kBraveCTExcludedHosts) {          \
+    excluded.push_back(host);                               \
+  }
+
+#include "src/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc"
+#undef BRAVE_PROFILE_NETWORK_CONTEXT_SERVICE_GET_CT_POLICY
diff --git a/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/system_network_context_manager.cc b/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/system_network_context_manager.cc
index f8de42a9e757..d43489ef6d6d 100644
--- a/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/system_network_context_manager.cc
+++ b/chromium_src/chrome/browser/net/system_network_context_manager.cc
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2019 The Brave Authors. All rights reserved.
  * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
  * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
- * You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+ * You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+#include "build/branding_buildflags.h"
 
 #include "brave/services/network/public/cpp/system_request_handler.h"
 
+// This is currently necessary in order to enable Certificate Transparency
+// enforcement (brave-browser#22482).
+#undef BUILDFLAG_INTERNAL_GOOGLE_CHROME_BRANDING
+#define BUILDFLAG_INTERNAL_GOOGLE_CHROME_BRANDING() (1)
 #include "src/chrome/browser/net/system_network_context_manager.cc"
diff --git a/patches/chrome-browser-net-profile_network_context_service.cc.patch b/patches/chrome-browser-net-profile_network_context_service.cc.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d41c86f04be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patches/chrome-browser-net-profile_network_context_service.cc.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+diff --git a/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc b/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc
+index 81851bafbadd5b2c617b01bd6405d47cefa9f49f..2b6ce02cd639feac8560d0723902a5a815276ac7 100644
+--- a/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc
++++ b/chrome/browser/net/profile_network_context_service.cc
+@@ -491,6 +491,7 @@ network::mojom::CTPolicyPtr ProfileNetworkContextService::GetCTPolicy() {
+   std::vector<std::string> excluded_legacy_spkis(
+       TranslateStringArray(ct_excluded_legacy_spkis));
+ 
++  BRAVE_PROFILE_NETWORK_CONTEXT_SERVICE_GET_CT_POLICY
+   return network::mojom::CTPolicy::New(std::move(required), std::move(excluded),
+                                        std::move(excluded_spkis),
+                                        std::move(excluded_legacy_spkis));
diff --git a/test/BUILD.gn b/test/BUILD.gn
index ff7df19a811b..a6a5091c88c9 100644
--- a/test/BUILD.gn
+++ b/test/BUILD.gn
@@ -1089,6 +1089,7 @@ test("brave_browser_tests") {
   if (!is_android) {
     sources += [
       "//brave/browser/brave_resources_browsertest.cc",
+      "//brave/browser/ssl/certificate_transparency_browsertest.cc",
       "//brave/browser/ui/views/toolbar/wallet_button_notification_source_browsertest.cc",
     ]
     deps += [
diff --git a/test/filters/browser_tests.filter b/test/filters/browser_tests.filter
index 95060db566e7..88366ff3198d 100644
--- a/test/filters/browser_tests.filter
+++ b/test/filters/browser_tests.filter
@@ -816,7 +816,6 @@
 -CaptivePortalBlockingPageTest.*
 -CaptivePortalBrowserTest.*
 -CertificateReportingServiceBrowserTest.*
--CertificateTransparencyPolicyTest.CertificateTransparencyEnforcementDisabledForUrls
 -ChromeAcceptHeaderTest.Check
 -ChromeBackForwardCacheBrowserTest.*
 -ChromeBrowsingDataLifetimeManagerShutdownTest.*