diff --git a/.changesets/check-rails-backtrace_cleaner-method.md b/.changesets/check-rails-backtrace_cleaner-method.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bde1bd498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changesets/check-rails-backtrace_cleaner-method.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+bump: "patch"
+---
+
+Check Rails.backtrace_cleaner method before calling the method. This prevents a NoMethodError from being raised in some edge cases.
diff --git a/lib/appsignal/transaction.rb b/lib/appsignal/transaction.rb
index 7d9c3e678..cec97b6e6 100644
--- a/lib/appsignal/transaction.rb
+++ b/lib/appsignal/transaction.rb
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ def sanitized_tags
     end
 
     def cleaned_backtrace(backtrace)
-      if defined?(::Rails) && backtrace
+      if defined?(::Rails) && Rails.respond_to?(:backtrace_cleaner) && backtrace
         ::Rails.backtrace_cleaner.clean(backtrace, nil)
       else
         backtrace
diff --git a/spec/lib/appsignal/transaction_spec.rb b/spec/lib/appsignal/transaction_spec.rb
index d2471c932..9c06a4044 100644
--- a/spec/lib/appsignal/transaction_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/appsignal/transaction_spec.rb
@@ -1321,6 +1321,13 @@ def session_exists?(_env)
         expect(subject).to eq ["line 1", "line 2"]
       end
 
+      context "with Rails module but without backtrace_cleaner method" do
+        it "returns the backtrace uncleaned" do
+          stub_const("Rails", Module.new)
+          expect(subject).to eq ["line 1", "line 2"]
+        end
+      end
+
       if rails_present?
         context "with rails" do
           it "cleans the backtrace with the Rails backtrace cleaner" do