diff --git a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs
index 7dc5ba5c21cd..86a1f6a21b34 100644
--- a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ use http::Request;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use super::core::*;
@@ -36,58 +34,9 @@ use super::lister::AliyunDriveLister;
 use super::lister::AliyunDriveParent;
 use super::writer::AliyunDriveWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::AliyunDriveConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Aliyun Drive services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct AliyunDriveConfig {
-    /// The Root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    ///
-    /// Default to `/` if not set.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The access_token of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Solution for client-only purpose. #4733
-    ///
-    /// Required if no client_id, client_secret and refresh_token are provided.
-    pub access_token: Option<String>,
-    /// The client_id of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Required if no access_token is provided.
-    pub client_id: Option<String>,
-    /// The client_secret of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Required if no access_token is provided.
-    pub client_secret: Option<String>,
-    /// The refresh_token of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Required if no access_token is provided.
-    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
-    /// The drive_type of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this type of drive.
-    ///
-    /// Available values are `default`, `backup` and `resource`.
-    ///
-    /// Fallback to default if not set or no other drives can be found.
-    pub drive_type: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for AliyunDriveConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("AliyunDriveConfig");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("drive_type", &self.drive_type);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for AliyunDriveConfig {
     type Builder = AliyunDriveBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
@@ -205,12 +154,12 @@ impl Builder for AliyunDriveBuilder {
                 self.config.refresh_token.clone(),
             ) {
                 (Some(client_id), Some(client_secret), Some(refresh_token)) if
-                    !client_id.is_empty() && !client_secret.is_empty() && !refresh_token.is_empty() => {
+                !client_id.is_empty() && !client_secret.is_empty() && !refresh_token.is_empty() => {
                     AliyunDriveSign::Refresh(client_id, client_secret, refresh_token, None, 0)
                 }
                 _ => return Err(Error::new(
-                        ErrorKind::ConfigInvalid,
-                        "access_token and a set of client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token are both missing.")
+                    ErrorKind::ConfigInvalid,
+                    "access_token and a set of client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token are both missing.")
                     .with_operation("Builder::build")
                     .with_context("service", Scheme::AliyunDrive)),
             },
diff --git a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/config.rs b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f03a650ced83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Aliyun Drive services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct AliyunDriveConfig {
+    /// The Root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `/` if not set.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The access_token of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Solution for client-only purpose. #4733
+    ///
+    /// Required if no client_id, client_secret and refresh_token are provided.
+    pub access_token: Option<String>,
+    /// The client_id of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Required if no access_token is provided.
+    pub client_id: Option<String>,
+    /// The client_secret of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Required if no access_token is provided.
+    pub client_secret: Option<String>,
+    /// The refresh_token of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Required if no access_token is provided.
+    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
+    /// The drive_type of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this type of drive.
+    ///
+    /// Available values are `default`, `backup` and `resource`.
+    ///
+    /// Fallback to default if not set or no other drives can be found.
+    pub drive_type: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for AliyunDriveConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("AliyunDriveConfig");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("drive_type", &self.drive_type);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/mod.rs b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/mod.rs
index efdc2b8eefbe..5481bf4fbe9a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
+mod core;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
 mod writer;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
 pub use backend::AliyunDriveBuilder as AliyunDrive;
-pub use backend::AliyunDriveConfig;
 
-mod core;
+mod config;
+pub use config::AliyunDriveConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs b/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs
index bd998430b157..8e8bdc148366 100644
--- a/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use http::Response;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::AlluxioCore;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -30,36 +28,9 @@ use super::lister::AlluxioLister;
 use super::writer::AlluxioWriter;
 use super::writer::AlluxioWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::AlluxioConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for alluxio services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct AlluxioConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    ///
-    /// default to `/` if not set.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// endpoint of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Endpoint must be full uri, mostly like `http://127.0.0.1:39999`.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for AlluxioConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("AlluxioConfig");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for AlluxioConfig {
     type Builder = AlluxioBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/alluxio/config.rs b/core/src/services/alluxio/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78f143cfc28d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/alluxio/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for alluxio services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct AlluxioConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    ///
+    /// default to `/` if not set.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// endpoint of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Endpoint must be full uri, mostly like `http://127.0.0.1:39999`.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for AlluxioConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("AlluxioConfig");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/alluxio/mod.rs b/core/src/services/alluxio/mod.rs
index 95e0216d34b0..aa2c88b6fe35 100644
--- a/core/src/services/alluxio/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/alluxio/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::AlluxioBuilder as Alluxio;
-pub use backend::AlluxioConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
+pub use backend::AlluxioBuilder as Alluxio;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::AlluxioConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/atomicserver/backend.rs b/core/src/services/atomicserver/backend.rs
index e6e415674ba7..73f51994375f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/atomicserver/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/atomicserver/backend.rs
@@ -30,38 +30,9 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::AtomicserverConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Atomicserver service support.
-
-/// Config for Atomicserver services support
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct AtomicserverConfig {
-    /// work dir of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// endpoint of this backend
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// private_key of this backend
-    pub private_key: Option<String>,
-    /// public_key of this backend
-    pub public_key: Option<String>,
-    /// parent_resource_id of this backend
-    pub parent_resource_id: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for AtomicserverConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("AtomicserverConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("public_key", &self.public_key)
-            .field("parent_resource_id", &self.parent_resource_id)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for AtomicserverConfig {
     type Builder = AtomicserverBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/atomicserver/config.rs b/core/src/services/atomicserver/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9b44ce8196cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/atomicserver/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Atomicserver services support
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct AtomicserverConfig {
+    /// work dir of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// endpoint of this backend
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// private_key of this backend
+    pub private_key: Option<String>,
+    /// public_key of this backend
+    pub public_key: Option<String>,
+    /// parent_resource_id of this backend
+    pub parent_resource_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for AtomicserverConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("AtomicserverConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("public_key", &self.public_key)
+            .field("parent_resource_id", &self.parent_resource_id)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/atomicserver/mod.rs b/core/src/services/atomicserver/mod.rs
index 45b4185640c2..b1e3ea4f3974 100644
--- a/core/src/services/atomicserver/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/atomicserver/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-atomicserver")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-atomicserver")]
 pub use backend::AtomicserverBuilder as Atomicserver;
-pub use backend::AtomicserverConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::AtomicserverConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs
index ad59f5254185..c084223cc00b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ use log::debug;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageConfig;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageLoader;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageSigner;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use sha2::Digest;
 use sha2::Sha256;
 
@@ -41,6 +39,7 @@ use super::writer::AzblobWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::services::azblob::core::AzblobCore;
 use crate::services::azblob::writer::AzblobWriters;
+use crate::services::AzblobConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Known endpoint suffix Azure Storage Blob services resource URI syntax.
@@ -55,69 +54,6 @@ const KNOWN_AZBLOB_ENDPOINT_SUFFIX: &[&str] = &[
 
 const AZBLOB_BATCH_LIMIT: usize = 256;
 
-/// Azure Storage Blob services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct AzblobConfig {
-    /// The root of Azblob service backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The container name of Azblob service backend.
-    pub container: String,
-
-    /// The endpoint of Azblob service backend.
-    ///
-    /// Endpoint must be full uri, e.g.
-    ///
-    /// - Azblob: `https://accountname.blob.core.windows.net`
-    /// - Azurite: `http://127.0.0.1:10000/devstoreaccount1`
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The account name of Azblob service backend.
-    pub account_name: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The account key of Azblob service backend.
-    pub account_key: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The encryption key of Azblob service backend.
-    pub encryption_key: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The encryption key sha256 of Azblob service backend.
-    pub encryption_key_sha256: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The encryption algorithm of Azblob service backend.
-    pub encryption_algorithm: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The sas token of Azblob service backend.
-    pub sas_token: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The maximum batch operations of Azblob service backend.
-    pub batch_max_operations: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for AzblobConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("AzblobConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("container", &self.container);
-        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-
-        if self.account_name.is_some() {
-            ds.field("account_name", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-        if self.account_key.is_some() {
-            ds.field("account_key", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-        if self.sas_token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("sas_token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for AzblobConfig {
     type Builder = AzblobBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
@@ -840,7 +776,7 @@ TableEndpoint=http://127.0.0.1:10002/devstoreaccount1;
 SharedAccessSignature=sv=2021-01-01&ss=b&srt=c&sp=rwdlaciytfx&se=2022-01-01T11:00:14Z&st=2022-01-02T03:00:14Z&spr=https&sig=KEllk4N8f7rJfLjQCmikL2fRVt%2B%2Bl73UBkbgH%2FK3VGE%3D
         "#,
         )
-        .expect("from connection string must succeed");
+            .expect("from connection string must succeed");
 
         assert_eq!(
             builder.config.endpoint.unwrap(),
@@ -861,7 +797,7 @@ AccountKey=account-key;
 SharedAccessSignature=sv=2021-01-01&ss=b&srt=c&sp=rwdlaciytfx&se=2022-01-01T11:00:14Z&st=2022-01-02T03:00:14Z&spr=https&sig=KEllk4N8f7rJfLjQCmikL2fRVt%2B%2Bl73UBkbgH%2FK3VGE%3D
         "#,
         )
-        .expect("from connection string must succeed");
+            .expect("from connection string must succeed");
 
         // SAS should be preferred over shared key
         assert_eq!(builder.config.sas_token.unwrap(), "sv=2021-01-01&ss=b&srt=c&sp=rwdlaciytfx&se=2022-01-01T11:00:14Z&st=2022-01-02T03:00:14Z&spr=https&sig=KEllk4N8f7rJfLjQCmikL2fRVt%2B%2Bl73UBkbgH%2FK3VGE%3D");
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/config.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..546ff1e832c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Azure Storage Blob services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AzblobConfig {
+    /// The root of Azblob service backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The container name of Azblob service backend.
+    pub container: String,
+
+    /// The endpoint of Azblob service backend.
+    ///
+    /// Endpoint must be full uri, e.g.
+    ///
+    /// - Azblob: `https://accountname.blob.core.windows.net`
+    /// - Azurite: `http://127.0.0.1:10000/devstoreaccount1`
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The account name of Azblob service backend.
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The account key of Azblob service backend.
+    pub account_key: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The encryption key of Azblob service backend.
+    pub encryption_key: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The encryption key sha256 of Azblob service backend.
+    pub encryption_key_sha256: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The encryption algorithm of Azblob service backend.
+    pub encryption_algorithm: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The sas token of Azblob service backend.
+    pub sas_token: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The maximum batch operations of Azblob service backend.
+    pub batch_max_operations: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for AzblobConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("AzblobConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("container", &self.container);
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+
+        if self.account_name.is_some() {
+            ds.field("account_name", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+        if self.account_key.is_some() {
+            ds.field("account_key", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+        if self.sas_token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("sas_token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/mod.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/mod.rs
index da314f5b3ea8..ba65d343939e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azblob/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::AzblobBuilder as Azblob;
-pub use backend::AzblobConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
+pub use backend::AzblobBuilder as Azblob;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::AzblobConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs
index 0af18e2819df..2c5bd72feab7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ use log::debug;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageConfig;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageLoader;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageSigner;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::AzdlsCore;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -34,6 +32,7 @@ use super::lister::AzdlsLister;
 use super::writer::AzdlsWriter;
 use super::writer::AzdlsWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::AzdlsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Known endpoint suffix Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 URI syntax.
@@ -46,40 +45,6 @@ const KNOWN_AZDLS_ENDPOINT_SUFFIX: &[&str] = &[
     "dfs.core.chinacloudapi.cn",
 ];
 
-/// Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 Support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct AzdlsConfig {
-    /// Root of this backend.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Filesystem name of this backend.
-    pub filesystem: String,
-    /// Endpoint of this backend.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Account name of this backend.
-    pub account_name: Option<String>,
-    /// Account key of this backend.
-    pub account_key: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for AzdlsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("AzdlsConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("filesystem", &self.filesystem);
-        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-
-        if self.account_name.is_some() {
-            ds.field("account_name", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-        if self.account_key.is_some() {
-            ds.field("account_key", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for AzdlsConfig {
     type Builder = AzdlsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/config.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0d299a59b4fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 Support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AzdlsConfig {
+    /// Root of this backend.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Filesystem name of this backend.
+    pub filesystem: String,
+    /// Endpoint of this backend.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Account name of this backend.
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+    /// Account key of this backend.
+    pub account_key: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for AzdlsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("AzdlsConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("filesystem", &self.filesystem);
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+
+        if self.account_name.is_some() {
+            ds.field("account_name", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+        if self.account_key.is_some() {
+            ds.field("account_key", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/mod.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/mod.rs
index 911cbb1ec934..321899ccc386 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azdls/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::AzdlsBuilder as Azdls;
-pub use backend::AzdlsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
+pub use backend::AzdlsBuilder as Azdls;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::AzdlsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs
index 9f6d386b35a2..61ab64717d03 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ use log::debug;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageConfig;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageLoader;
 use reqsign::AzureStorageSigner;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::AzfileCore;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -34,50 +32,12 @@ use super::writer::AzfileWriter;
 use super::writer::AzfileWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::services::azfile::lister::AzfileLister;
+use crate::services::AzfileConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Default endpoint of Azure File services.
 const DEFAULT_AZFILE_ENDPOINT_SUFFIX: &str = "file.core.windows.net";
 
-/// Azure File services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct AzfileConfig {
-    /// The root path for azfile.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The endpoint for azfile.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// The share name for azfile.
-    pub share_name: String,
-    /// The account name for azfile.
-    pub account_name: Option<String>,
-    /// The account key for azfile.
-    pub account_key: Option<String>,
-    /// The sas token for azfile.
-    pub sas_token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for AzfileConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("AzfileConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("share_name", &self.share_name);
-        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-
-        if self.account_name.is_some() {
-            ds.field("account_name", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-        if self.account_key.is_some() {
-            ds.field("account_key", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-        if self.sas_token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("sas_token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for AzfileConfig {
     type Builder = AzfileBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/config.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6f3e3c957e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Azure File services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AzfileConfig {
+    /// The root path for azfile.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The endpoint for azfile.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// The share name for azfile.
+    pub share_name: String,
+    /// The account name for azfile.
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+    /// The account key for azfile.
+    pub account_key: Option<String>,
+    /// The sas token for azfile.
+    pub sas_token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for AzfileConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("AzfileConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("share_name", &self.share_name);
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+
+        if self.account_name.is_some() {
+            ds.field("account_name", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+        if self.account_key.is_some() {
+            ds.field("account_key", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+        if self.sas_token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("sas_token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/mod.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/mod.rs
index 1047102572f1..493f8cfb7d3b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-pub use backend::AzfileBuilder as Azfile;
-pub use backend::AzfileConfig;
-
-mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
+pub use backend::AzfileBuilder as Azfile;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::AzfileConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs b/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs
index 18fb45d53d2e..348c5ad57ce3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ use http::Request;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
 use super::core::constants;
@@ -38,50 +36,9 @@ use super::writer::B2Writers;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::services::b2::core::B2Signer;
 use crate::services::b2::core::ListFileNamesResponse;
+use crate::services::B2Config;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for backblaze b2 services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct B2Config {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// keyID of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// - If application_key_id is set, we will take user's input first.
-    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
-    pub application_key_id: Option<String>,
-    /// applicationKey of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// - If application_key is set, we will take user's input first.
-    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
-    pub application_key: Option<String>,
-    /// bucket of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub bucket: String,
-    /// bucket id of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub bucket_id: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for B2Config {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("B2Config");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("application_key_id", &self.application_key_id)
-            .field("bucket_id", &self.bucket_id)
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for B2Config {
     type Builder = B2Builder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/config.rs b/core/src/services/b2/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3bfbca072b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for backblaze b2 services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct B2Config {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// keyID of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// - If application_key_id is set, we will take user's input first.
+    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
+    pub application_key_id: Option<String>,
+    /// applicationKey of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// - If application_key is set, we will take user's input first.
+    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
+    pub application_key: Option<String>,
+    /// bucket of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub bucket: String,
+    /// bucket id of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub bucket_id: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for B2Config {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("B2Config");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("application_key_id", &self.application_key_id)
+            .field("bucket_id", &self.bucket_id)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/mod.rs b/core/src/services/b2/mod.rs
index 80745f01e82a..ec294579e4d6 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::B2Builder as B2;
-pub use backend::B2Config;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
+pub use backend::B2Builder as B2;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::B2Config;
diff --git a/core/src/services/cacache/backend.rs b/core/src/services/cacache/backend.rs
index 977127f9ca1b..85914d864fd1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cacache/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cacache/backend.rs
@@ -20,24 +20,16 @@ use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::str;
 
 use cacache;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::Access;
+use crate::services::CacacheConfig;
 use crate::Builder;
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// cacache service support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct CacacheConfig {
-    /// That path to the cacache data directory.
-    pub datadir: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for CacacheConfig {
     type Builder = CacacheBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/cacache/config.rs b/core/src/services/cacache/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..768c87539b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/cacache/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// cacache service support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CacacheConfig {
+    /// That path to the cacache data directory.
+    pub datadir: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/cacache/mod.rs b/core/src/services/cacache/mod.rs
index b48d7f2b7633..33c73f972f13 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cacache/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cacache/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cacache")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cacache")]
 pub use backend::CacacheBuilder as Cacache;
-pub use backend::CacacheConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::CacacheConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs
index 88640c578d63..4983ef6d58f3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::parse_info;
 use super::core::ChainsafeCore;
@@ -34,36 +32,9 @@ use super::lister::ChainsafeLister;
 use super::writer::ChainsafeWriter;
 use super::writer::ChainsafeWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::ChainsafeConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Chainsafe services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct ChainsafeConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// api_key of this backend.
-    pub api_key: Option<String>,
-    /// bucket_id of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub bucket_id: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for ChainsafeConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("ChainsafeConfig");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("bucket_id", &self.bucket_id);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for ChainsafeConfig {
     type Builder = ChainsafeBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/config.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..73447ffe6b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Chainsafe services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct ChainsafeConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// api_key of this backend.
+    pub api_key: Option<String>,
+    /// bucket_id of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub bucket_id: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for ChainsafeConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("ChainsafeConfig");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("bucket_id", &self.bucket_id);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/mod.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/mod.rs
index ed5335a738bf..86a7ff7bb554 100644
--- a/core/src/services/chainsafe/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::ChainsafeBuilder as Chainsafe;
-pub use backend::ChainsafeConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
+pub use backend::ChainsafeBuilder as Chainsafe;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::ChainsafeConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/backend.rs b/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/backend.rs
index f97bca593a5f..5442edb78e1d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/backend.rs
@@ -23,44 +23,14 @@ use http::header;
 use http::Request;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::CloudflareKvConfig;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Cloudflare KV Service Support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct CloudflareKvConfig {
-    /// The token used to authenticate with CloudFlare.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-    /// The account ID used to authenticate with CloudFlare. Used as URI path parameter.
-    pub account_id: Option<String>,
-    /// The namespace ID. Used as URI path parameter.
-    pub namespace_id: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Root within this backend.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for CloudflareKvConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("CloudflareKvConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("account_id", &self.account_id);
-        ds.field("namespace_id", &self.namespace_id);
-
-        if self.token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for CloudflareKvConfig {
     type Builder = CloudflareKvBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/config.rs b/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..777b43c2a820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Cloudflare KV Service Support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CloudflareKvConfig {
+    /// The token used to authenticate with CloudFlare.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+    /// The account ID used to authenticate with CloudFlare. Used as URI path parameter.
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    /// The namespace ID. Used as URI path parameter.
+    pub namespace_id: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Root within this backend.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for CloudflareKvConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("CloudflareKvConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("account_id", &self.account_id);
+        ds.field("namespace_id", &self.namespace_id);
+
+        if self.token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/mod.rs b/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/mod.rs
index 85011ee1e2e9..390bbd2912b5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cloudflare_kv/mod.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cloudflare-kv")]
 mod error;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cloudflare-kv")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cloudflare-kv")]
 pub use backend::CloudflareKvBuilder as CloudflareKv;
-pub use backend::CloudflareKvConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::CloudflareKvConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/compfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/compfs/backend.rs
index f866ccec076e..f24fd54e5d8c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/compfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/compfs/backend.rs
@@ -20,25 +20,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use compio::dispatcher::Dispatcher;
 use compio::fs::OpenOptions;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::CompfsCore;
 use super::lister::CompfsLister;
 use super::reader::CompfsReader;
 use super::writer::CompfsWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::CompfsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// compio-based file system support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct CompfsConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for CompfsConfig {
     type Builder = CompfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/compfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/compfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6dd17193210a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/compfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// compio-based file system support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CompfsConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/compfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/compfs/mod.rs
index 0fd86a7e3cfc..fe99a6d00562 100644
--- a/core/src/services/compfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/compfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-pub use backend::CompfsBuilder as Compfs;
-pub use backend::CompfsConfig;
-
-mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
+pub use backend::CompfsBuilder as Compfs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::CompfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs b/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs
index 478aecb38608..a3768395c665 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs
@@ -25,47 +25,16 @@ use log::debug;
 use reqsign::TencentCosConfig;
 use reqsign::TencentCosCredentialLoader;
 use reqsign::TencentCosSigner;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::lister::CosLister;
 use super::writer::CosWriter;
+use super::writer::CosWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
-use crate::services::cos::writer::CosWriters;
+use crate::services::CosConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Tencent-Cloud COS services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct CosConfig {
-    /// Root of this backend.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Endpoint of this backend.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Secret ID of this backend.
-    pub secret_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Secret key of this backend.
-    pub secret_key: Option<String>,
-    /// Bucket of this backend.
-    pub bucket: Option<String>,
-    /// Disable config load so that opendal will not load config from
-    pub disable_config_load: bool,
-}
-
-impl Debug for CosConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("CosConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("secret_id", &"<redacted>")
-            .field("secret_key", &"<redacted>")
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for CosConfig {
     type Builder = CosBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/config.rs b/core/src/services/cos/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..166b8159a183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Tencent-Cloud COS services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct CosConfig {
+    /// Root of this backend.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Endpoint of this backend.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Secret ID of this backend.
+    pub secret_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Secret key of this backend.
+    pub secret_key: Option<String>,
+    /// Bucket of this backend.
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+    /// Disable config load so that opendal will not load config from
+    pub disable_config_load: bool,
+}
+
+impl Debug for CosConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("CosConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("secret_id", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("secret_key", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/mod.rs b/core/src/services/cos/mod.rs
index e035b71abccc..9713dc39dc5b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cos/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::CosBuilder as Cos;
-pub use backend::CosConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
+pub use backend::CosBuilder as Cos;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::CosConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs b/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs
index c30b622a3a06..3e37a532adf8 100644
--- a/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs
@@ -22,50 +22,16 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::header;
 use http::Request;
 use http::StatusCode;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json::Value;
 
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::model::D1Response;
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::D1Config;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for [Cloudflare D1](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1) backend support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct D1Config {
-    /// Set the token of cloudflare api.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the account id of cloudflare api.
-    pub account_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the database id of cloudflare api.
-    pub database_id: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Set the working directory of OpenDAL.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the table of D1 Database.
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the key field of D1 Database.
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the value field of D1 Database.
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for D1Config {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("D1Config");
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("table", &self.table);
-        ds.field("key_field", &self.key_field);
-        ds.field("value_field", &self.value_field);
-        ds.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for D1Config {
     type Builder = D1Builder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/d1/config.rs b/core/src/services/d1/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0269f4124f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/d1/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for [Cloudflare D1](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1) backend support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct D1Config {
+    /// Set the token of cloudflare api.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the account id of cloudflare api.
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the database id of cloudflare api.
+    pub database_id: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Set the working directory of OpenDAL.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the table of D1 Database.
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the key field of D1 Database.
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the value field of D1 Database.
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for D1Config {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("D1Config");
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("table", &self.table);
+        ds.field("key_field", &self.key_field);
+        ds.field("value_field", &self.value_field);
+        ds.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/d1/mod.rs b/core/src/services/d1/mod.rs
index 1fe63408affe..6f13716f574e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/d1/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/d1/mod.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,15 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
 mod model;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
 pub use backend::D1Builder as D1;
-pub use backend::D1Config;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::D1Config;
diff --git a/core/src/services/dashmap/backend.rs b/core/src/services/dashmap/backend.rs
index 9b8bdf55e647..49312c673908 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dashmap/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dashmap/backend.rs
@@ -19,20 +19,12 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
 use dashmap::DashMap;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::typed_kv;
 use crate::raw::Access;
+use crate::services::DashmapConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// [dashmap](https://github.com/xacrimon/dashmap) backend support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct DashmapConfig {
-    /// The root path for dashmap.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for DashmapConfig {
     type Builder = DashmapBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/dashmap/config.rs b/core/src/services/dashmap/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f80fa15c9dff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/dashmap/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// [dashmap](https://github.com/xacrimon/dashmap) backend support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DashmapConfig {
+    /// The root path for dashmap.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/dashmap/mod.rs b/core/src/services/dashmap/mod.rs
index 0cd7e387fa24..3b11d9b665f3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dashmap/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dashmap/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dashmap")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dashmap")]
 pub use backend::DashmapBuilder as Dashmap;
-pub use backend::DashmapConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::DashmapConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs
index 1f5b16ff37af..bf1152daea09 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs
@@ -23,41 +23,15 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::DbfsCore;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::lister::DbfsLister;
 use super::writer::DbfsWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::DbfsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// [Dbfs](https://docs.databricks.com/api/azure/workspace/dbfs)'s REST API support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct DbfsConfig {
-    /// The root for dbfs.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The endpoint for dbfs.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// The token for dbfs.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for DbfsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("DbfsConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-
-        if self.token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for DbfsConfig {
     type Builder = DbfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..285ddf71ba81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// [Dbfs](https://docs.databricks.com/api/azure/workspace/dbfs)'s REST API support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DbfsConfig {
+    /// The root for dbfs.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The endpoint for dbfs.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// The token for dbfs.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for DbfsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("DbfsConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+
+        if self.token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/mod.rs
index 98ac4f40d306..de4774f7d1a5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-pub use backend::DbfsBuilder as Dbfs;
-pub use backend::DbfsConfig;
-
-mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
+pub use backend::DbfsBuilder as Dbfs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::DbfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/builder.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/builder.rs
index 5b73de42003b..51d852e1e113 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/builder.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/builder.rs
@@ -21,41 +21,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use chrono::DateTime;
 use chrono::Utc;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use super::backend::DropboxBackend;
 use super::core::DropboxCore;
 use super::core::DropboxSigner;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::DropboxConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for [Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com/) backend support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct DropboxConfig {
-    /// root path for dropbox.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// access token for dropbox.
-    pub access_token: Option<String>,
-    /// refresh_token for dropbox.
-    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
-    /// client_id for dropbox.
-    pub client_id: Option<String>,
-    /// client_secret for dropbox.
-    pub client_secret: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for DropboxConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("DropBoxConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for DropboxConfig {
     type Builder = DropboxBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/config.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e44222da36f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for [Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com/) backend support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct DropboxConfig {
+    /// root path for dropbox.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// access token for dropbox.
+    pub access_token: Option<String>,
+    /// refresh_token for dropbox.
+    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
+    /// client_id for dropbox.
+    pub client_id: Option<String>,
+    /// client_secret for dropbox.
+    pub client_secret: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for DropboxConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("DropBoxConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/mod.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/mod.rs
index 3aaa93db9add..21397e855408 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/mod.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,21 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
 mod backend;
-mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
 mod writer;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
+mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
 pub use builder::DropboxBuilder as Dropbox;
-pub use builder::DropboxConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::DropboxConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/etcd/backend.rs b/core/src/services/etcd/backend.rs
index fa7fb348207c..d4e3b721bd17 100644
--- a/core/src/services/etcd/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/etcd/backend.rs
@@ -27,80 +27,15 @@ use etcd_client::Error as EtcdError;
 use etcd_client::GetOptions;
 use etcd_client::Identity;
 use etcd_client::TlsOptions;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::EtcdConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 const DEFAULT_ETCD_ENDPOINTS: &str = "http://127.0.0.1:2379";
 
-/// Config for Etcd services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct EtcdConfig {
-    /// network address of the Etcd services.
-    /// If use https, must set TLS options: `ca_path`, `cert_path`, `key_path`.
-    /// e.g. "127.0.0.1:23790,127.0.0.1:23791,127.0.0.1:23792" or "http://127.0.0.1:23790,http://127.0.0.1:23791,http://127.0.0.1:23792" or "https://127.0.0.1:23790,https://127.0.0.1:23791,https://127.0.0.1:23792"
-    ///
-    /// default is "http://127.0.0.1:2379"
-    pub endpoints: Option<String>,
-    /// the username to connect etcd service.
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// the password for authentication
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// the working directory of the etcd service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
-    ///
-    /// default is "/"
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// certificate authority file path
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub ca_path: Option<String>,
-    /// cert path
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub cert_path: Option<String>,
-    /// key path
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub key_path: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for EtcdConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("EtcdConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        if let Some(endpoints) = self.endpoints.clone() {
-            ds.field("endpoints", &endpoints);
-        }
-        if let Some(username) = self.username.clone() {
-            ds.field("username", &username);
-        }
-        if self.password.is_some() {
-            ds.field("password", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-        if let Some(ca_path) = self.ca_path.clone() {
-            ds.field("ca_path", &ca_path);
-        }
-        if let Some(cert_path) = self.cert_path.clone() {
-            ds.field("cert_path", &cert_path);
-        }
-        if let Some(key_path) = self.key_path.clone() {
-            ds.field("key_path", &key_path);
-        }
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for EtcdConfig {
     type Builder = EtcdBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/etcd/config.rs b/core/src/services/etcd/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b5ee4e4f42ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/etcd/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Etcd services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct EtcdConfig {
+    /// network address of the Etcd services.
+    /// If use https, must set TLS options: `ca_path`, `cert_path`, `key_path`.
+    /// e.g. "127.0.0.1:23790,127.0.0.1:23791,127.0.0.1:23792" or "http://127.0.0.1:23790,http://127.0.0.1:23791,http://127.0.0.1:23792" or "https://127.0.0.1:23790,https://127.0.0.1:23791,https://127.0.0.1:23792"
+    ///
+    /// default is "http://127.0.0.1:2379"
+    pub endpoints: Option<String>,
+    /// the username to connect etcd service.
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// the password for authentication
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// the working directory of the etcd service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
+    ///
+    /// default is "/"
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// certificate authority file path
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub ca_path: Option<String>,
+    /// cert path
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub cert_path: Option<String>,
+    /// key path
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub key_path: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for EtcdConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("EtcdConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        if let Some(endpoints) = self.endpoints.clone() {
+            ds.field("endpoints", &endpoints);
+        }
+        if let Some(username) = self.username.clone() {
+            ds.field("username", &username);
+        }
+        if self.password.is_some() {
+            ds.field("password", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+        if let Some(ca_path) = self.ca_path.clone() {
+            ds.field("ca_path", &ca_path);
+        }
+        if let Some(cert_path) = self.cert_path.clone() {
+            ds.field("cert_path", &cert_path);
+        }
+        if let Some(key_path) = self.key_path.clone() {
+            ds.field("key_path", &key_path);
+        }
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/etcd/mod.rs b/core/src/services/etcd/mod.rs
index ddb370da76af..f55659e3e4c9 100644
--- a/core/src/services/etcd/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/etcd/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-etcd")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-etcd")]
 pub use backend::EtcdBuilder as Etcd;
-pub use backend::EtcdConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::EtcdConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/foundationdb/backend.rs b/core/src/services/foundationdb/backend.rs
index 553b6a06087d..4d4adfa52fd2 100644
--- a/core/src/services/foundationdb/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/foundationdb/backend.rs
@@ -21,40 +21,16 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use foundationdb::api::NetworkAutoStop;
 use foundationdb::Database;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::FoundationdbConfig;
 use crate::Builder;
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// [foundationdb](https://www.foundationdb.org/) service support.
-///Config for FoundationDB.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct FoundationdbConfig {
-    ///root of the backend.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    ///config_path for the backend.
-    pub config_path: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for FoundationdbConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("FoundationConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("config_path", &self.config_path);
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for FoundationdbConfig {
     type Builder = FoundationdbBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/foundationdb/config.rs b/core/src/services/foundationdb/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b210bf8da4d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/foundationdb/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// [foundationdb](https://www.foundationdb.org/) service support.
+///Config for FoundationDB.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct FoundationdbConfig {
+    ///root of the backend.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    ///config_path for the backend.
+    pub config_path: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for FoundationdbConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("FoundationConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("config_path", &self.config_path);
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/foundationdb/mod.rs b/core/src/services/foundationdb/mod.rs
index a761e25a47ed..dd8650ff7132 100644
--- a/core/src/services/foundationdb/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/foundationdb/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-foundationdb")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-foundationdb")]
 pub use backend::FoundationdbBuilder as Foundationdb;
-pub use backend::FoundationdbConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::FoundationdbConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/fs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/fs/backend.rs
index af1f163187c8..26fa8dd6c92b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/fs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/fs/backend.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use chrono::DateTime;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::lister::FsLister;
@@ -31,20 +29,9 @@ use super::reader::FsReader;
 use super::writer::FsWriter;
 use super::writer::FsWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::FsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// config for file system
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct FsConfig {
-    /// root dir for backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-
-    /// tmp dir for atomic write
-    pub atomic_write_dir: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for FsConfig {
     type Builder = FsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/fs/config.rs b/core/src/services/fs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e79b53641422
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/fs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// config for file system
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct FsConfig {
+    /// root dir for backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+
+    /// tmp dir for atomic write
+    pub atomic_write_dir: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/fs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/fs/mod.rs
index 6ffe4896a864..bf914a75eaf7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/fs/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::FsBuilder as Fs;
-pub use backend::FsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
+pub use backend::FsBuilder as Fs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::FsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/ftp/backend.rs b/core/src/services/ftp/backend.rs
index 1d5cb84b0357..144ba9aff7ad 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ftp/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ftp/backend.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ use bb8::PooledConnection;
 use bb8::RunError;
 use http::Uri;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use suppaftp::list::File;
 use suppaftp::types::FileType;
 use suppaftp::types::Response;
@@ -44,32 +42,9 @@ use super::lister::FtpLister;
 use super::reader::FtpReader;
 use super::writer::FtpWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::FtpConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Ftp services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct FtpConfig {
-    /// endpoint of this backend
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// root of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// user of this backend
-    pub user: Option<String>,
-    /// password of this backend
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for FtpConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("FtpConfig")
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for FtpConfig {
     type Builder = FtpBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/ftp/config.rs b/core/src/services/ftp/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f1a1c32b454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/ftp/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Ftp services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct FtpConfig {
+    /// endpoint of this backend
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// root of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// user of this backend
+    pub user: Option<String>,
+    /// password of this backend
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for FtpConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("FtpConfig")
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/ftp/mod.rs b/core/src/services/ftp/mod.rs
index 35a0ba5734ac..e1b7440fac72 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ftp/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ftp/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::FtpBuilder as Ftp;
-pub use backend::FtpConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
 mod err;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
+pub use backend::FtpBuilder as Ftp;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::FtpConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/gcs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/gcs/backend.rs
index df3fab369f5a..dd26a67ab3f2 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gcs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gcs/backend.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ use reqsign::GoogleSigner;
 use reqsign::GoogleTokenLoad;
 use reqsign::GoogleTokenLoader;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json;
 
 use super::core::*;
@@ -37,60 +36,12 @@ use super::lister::GcsLister;
 use super::writer::GcsWriter;
 use super::writer::GcsWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::GcsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 const DEFAULT_GCS_ENDPOINT: &str = "https://storage.googleapis.com";
 const DEFAULT_GCS_SCOPE: &str = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write";
 
-/// [Google Cloud Storage](https://cloud.google.com/storage) services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct GcsConfig {
-    /// root URI, all operations happens under `root`
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// bucket name
-    pub bucket: String,
-    /// endpoint URI of GCS service,
-    /// default is `https://storage.googleapis.com`
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Scope for gcs.
-    pub scope: Option<String>,
-    /// Service Account for gcs.
-    pub service_account: Option<String>,
-    /// Credentials string for GCS service OAuth2 authentication.
-    pub credential: Option<String>,
-    /// Local path to credentials file for GCS service OAuth2 authentication.
-    pub credential_path: Option<String>,
-    /// The predefined acl for GCS.
-    pub predefined_acl: Option<String>,
-    /// The default storage class used by gcs.
-    pub default_storage_class: Option<String>,
-    /// Allow opendal to send requests without signing when credentials are not
-    /// loaded.
-    pub allow_anonymous: bool,
-    /// Disable attempting to load credentials from the GCE metadata server when
-    /// running within Google Cloud.
-    pub disable_vm_metadata: bool,
-    /// Disable loading configuration from the environment.
-    pub disable_config_load: bool,
-    /// A Google Cloud OAuth2 token.
-    ///
-    /// Takes precedence over `credential` and `credential_path`.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for GcsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("GcsConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("scope", &self.scope)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for GcsConfig {
     type Builder = GcsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/gcs/config.rs b/core/src/services/gcs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31e60d0ba84d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/gcs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// [Google Cloud Storage](https://cloud.google.com/storage) services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct GcsConfig {
+    /// root URI, all operations happens under `root`
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// bucket name
+    pub bucket: String,
+    /// endpoint URI of GCS service,
+    /// default is `https://storage.googleapis.com`
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Scope for gcs.
+    pub scope: Option<String>,
+    /// Service Account for gcs.
+    pub service_account: Option<String>,
+    /// Credentials string for GCS service OAuth2 authentication.
+    pub credential: Option<String>,
+    /// Local path to credentials file for GCS service OAuth2 authentication.
+    pub credential_path: Option<String>,
+    /// The predefined acl for GCS.
+    pub predefined_acl: Option<String>,
+    /// The default storage class used by gcs.
+    pub default_storage_class: Option<String>,
+    /// Allow opendal to send requests without signing when credentials are not
+    /// loaded.
+    pub allow_anonymous: bool,
+    /// Disable attempting to load credentials from the GCE metadata server when
+    /// running within Google Cloud.
+    pub disable_vm_metadata: bool,
+    /// Disable loading configuration from the environment.
+    pub disable_config_load: bool,
+    /// A Google Cloud OAuth2 token.
+    ///
+    /// Takes precedence over `credential` and `credential_path`.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for GcsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("GcsConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("scope", &self.scope)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/gcs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/gcs/mod.rs
index 1dcaa9ca0632..2f260dd081bb 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gcs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gcs/mod.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,21 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::GcsBuilder as Gcs;
-pub use backend::GcsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
 mod uri;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
+pub use backend::GcsBuilder as Gcs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::GcsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/builder.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/builder.rs
index 3628488b819e..5c6c18712345 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/builder.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/builder.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use chrono::DateTime;
 use chrono::Utc;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use super::backend::GdriveBackend;
@@ -34,34 +32,10 @@ use crate::raw::PathCacher;
 use crate::services::gdrive::core::GdriveCore;
 use crate::services::gdrive::core::GdrivePathQuery;
 use crate::services::gdrive::core::GdriveSigner;
+use crate::services::GdriveConfig;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// [GoogleDrive](https://drive.google.com/) configuration.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct GdriveConfig {
-    /// The root for gdrive
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Access token for gdrive.
-    pub access_token: Option<String>,
-    /// Refresh token for gdrive.
-    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
-    /// Client id for gdrive.
-    pub client_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Client secret for gdrive.
-    pub client_secret: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for GdriveConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("GdriveConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for GdriveConfig {
     type Builder = GdriveBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/config.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..85df5f932a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// [GoogleDrive](https://drive.google.com/) configuration.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct GdriveConfig {
+    /// The root for gdrive
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Access token for gdrive.
+    pub access_token: Option<String>,
+    /// Refresh token for gdrive.
+    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
+    /// Client id for gdrive.
+    pub client_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Client secret for gdrive.
+    pub client_secret: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for GdriveConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("GdriveConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/mod.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/mod.rs
index 7b37822ee0e5..a98995cb6b88 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/mod.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,21 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
 mod backend;
-mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
 mod error;
-
-pub use builder::GdriveBuilder as Gdrive;
-pub use builder::GdriveConfig;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
+mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
+pub use builder::GdriveBuilder as Gdrive;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::GdriveConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs b/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs
index 5a6fc305451a..3d8a5cbce766 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::writer::GhacWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::GhacConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// The base url for cache url.
@@ -81,21 +82,6 @@ fn value_or_env(
     })
 }
 
-/// Config for GitHub Action Cache Services support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct GhacConfig {
-    /// The root path for ghac.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The version that used by cache.
-    pub version: Option<String>,
-    /// The endpoint for ghac service.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// The runtime token for ghac service.
-    pub runtime_token: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for GhacConfig {
     type Builder = GhacBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/ghac/config.rs b/core/src/services/ghac/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7958c06302ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/ghac/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for GitHub Action Cache Services support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct GhacConfig {
+    /// The root path for ghac.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The version that used by cache.
+    pub version: Option<String>,
+    /// The endpoint for ghac service.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// The runtime token for ghac service.
+    pub runtime_token: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/ghac/mod.rs b/core/src/services/ghac/mod.rs
index 2a87b2258399..fabc5bcc15a3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ghac/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ghac/mod.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,15 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
+mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
+mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
 pub use backend::GhacBuilder as Ghac;
-pub use backend::GhacConfig;
 
-mod error;
-mod writer;
+mod config;
+pub use config::GhacConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/backend.rs b/core/src/services/github/backend.rs
index f33bd0554a2b..d51bff524491 100644
--- a/core/src/services/github/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/github/backend.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::Entry;
 use super::core::GithubCore;
@@ -33,45 +31,9 @@ use super::lister::GithubLister;
 use super::writer::GithubWriter;
 use super::writer::GithubWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::GithubConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for GitHub services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct GithubConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// GitHub access_token.
-    ///
-    /// optional.
-    /// If not provided, the backend will only support read operations for public repositories.
-    /// And rate limit will be limited to 60 requests per hour.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-    /// GitHub repo owner.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub owner: String,
-    /// GitHub repo name.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub repo: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for GithubConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("GithubConfig");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("owner", &self.owner)
-            .field("repo", &self.repo);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for GithubConfig {
     type Builder = GithubBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/config.rs b/core/src/services/github/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3927f89ffab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/github/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for GitHub services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct GithubConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// GitHub access_token.
+    ///
+    /// optional.
+    /// If not provided, the backend will only support read operations for public repositories.
+    /// And rate limit will be limited to 60 requests per hour.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+    /// GitHub repo owner.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub owner: String,
+    /// GitHub repo name.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub repo: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for GithubConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("GithubConfig");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("owner", &self.owner)
+            .field("repo", &self.repo);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/mod.rs b/core/src/services/github/mod.rs
index 06418c19347b..bf1b1c5a4b9b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/github/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/github/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::GithubBuilder as Github;
-pub use backend::GithubConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
+pub use backend::GithubBuilder as Github;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::GithubConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/gridfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/gridfs/backend.rs
index 7abfa0d79764..5b1966f029e1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gridfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gridfs/backend.rs
@@ -24,57 +24,28 @@ use mongodb::bson::doc;
 use mongodb::gridfs::GridFsBucket;
 use mongodb::options::ClientOptions;
 use mongodb::options::GridFsBucketOptions;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
-use crate::raw::new_std_io_error;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Grid file system support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct GridFsConfig {
-    /// The connection string of the MongoDB service.
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-    /// The database name of the MongoDB GridFs service to read/write.
-    pub database: Option<String>,
-    /// The bucket name of the MongoDB GridFs service to read/write.
-    pub bucket: Option<String>,
-    /// The chunk size of the MongoDB GridFs service used to break the user file into chunks.
-    pub chunk_size: Option<u32>,
-    /// The working directory, all operations will be performed under it.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for GridFsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("GridFsConfig")
-            .field("database", &self.database)
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .field("chunk_size", &self.chunk_size)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
+use super::config::GridfsConfig;
 
-impl Configurator for GridFsConfig {
-    type Builder = GridFsBuilder;
+impl Configurator for GridfsConfig {
+    type Builder = GridfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
-        GridFsBuilder { config: self }
+        GridfsBuilder { config: self }
     }
 }
 
 #[doc = include_str!("docs.md")]
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub struct GridFsBuilder {
-    config: GridFsConfig,
+pub struct GridfsBuilder {
+    config: GridfsConfig,
 }
 
-impl Debug for GridFsBuilder {
+impl Debug for GridfsBuilder {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         let mut d = f.debug_struct("GridFsBuilder");
         d.field("config", &self.config);
@@ -82,7 +53,7 @@ impl Debug for GridFsBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-impl GridFsBuilder {
+impl GridfsBuilder {
     /// Set the connection_string of the MongoDB service.
     ///
     /// This connection string is used to connect to the MongoDB service. It typically follows the format:
@@ -152,9 +123,9 @@ impl GridFsBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-impl Builder for GridFsBuilder {
-    const SCHEME: Scheme = Scheme::Mongodb;
-    type Config = GridFsConfig;
+impl Builder for GridfsBuilder {
+    const SCHEME: Scheme = Scheme::Gridfs;
+    type Config = GridfsConfig;
 
     fn build(self) -> Result<impl Access> {
         let conn = match &self.config.connection_string.clone() {
diff --git a/core/src/services/gridfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/gridfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e7d148d2694e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/gridfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Grid file system support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct GridfsConfig {
+    /// The connection string of the MongoDB service.
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+    /// The database name of the MongoDB GridFs service to read/write.
+    pub database: Option<String>,
+    /// The bucket name of the MongoDB GridFs service to read/write.
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+    /// The chunk size of the MongoDB GridFs service used to break the user file into chunks.
+    pub chunk_size: Option<u32>,
+    /// The working directory, all operations will be performed under it.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for GridfsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("GridFsConfig")
+            .field("database", &self.database)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("chunk_size", &self.chunk_size)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/gridfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/gridfs/mod.rs
index 676a4d128d10..db2a2a8aecf5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gridfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gridfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gridfs")]
 mod backend;
-pub use backend::GridFsBuilder as Gridfs;
-pub use backend::GridFsConfig;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-gridfs")]
+pub use backend::GridfsBuilder as Gridfs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::GridfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/hdfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/hdfs/backend.rs
index ff240c248c28..e4aba77ec48a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/hdfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/hdfs/backend.rs
@@ -24,53 +24,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::AsyncWriteExt;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use super::lister::HdfsLister;
 use super::writer::HdfsWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::services::hdfs::reader::HdfsReader;
+use crate::services::HdfsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// [Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™)](https://hadoop.apache.org/) support.
-///
-/// Config for Hdfs services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct HdfsConfig {
-    /// work dir of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// name node of this backend
-    pub name_node: Option<String>,
-    /// kerberos_ticket_cache_path of this backend
-    pub kerberos_ticket_cache_path: Option<String>,
-    /// user of this backend
-    pub user: Option<String>,
-    /// enable the append capacity
-    pub enable_append: bool,
-    /// atomic_write_dir of this backend
-    pub atomic_write_dir: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for HdfsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("HdfsConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("name_node", &self.name_node)
-            .field(
-                "kerberos_ticket_cache_path",
-                &self.kerberos_ticket_cache_path,
-            )
-            .field("user", &self.user)
-            .field("enable_append", &self.enable_append)
-            .field("atomic_write_dir", &self.atomic_write_dir)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for HdfsConfig {
     type Builder = HdfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/hdfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/hdfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f4fbb129e839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/hdfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// [Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™)](https://hadoop.apache.org/) support.
+///
+/// Config for Hdfs services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct HdfsConfig {
+    /// work dir of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// name node of this backend
+    pub name_node: Option<String>,
+    /// kerberos_ticket_cache_path of this backend
+    pub kerberos_ticket_cache_path: Option<String>,
+    /// user of this backend
+    pub user: Option<String>,
+    /// enable the append capacity
+    pub enable_append: bool,
+    /// atomic_write_dir of this backend
+    pub atomic_write_dir: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for HdfsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("HdfsConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("name_node", &self.name_node)
+            .field(
+                "kerberos_ticket_cache_path",
+                &self.kerberos_ticket_cache_path,
+            )
+            .field("user", &self.user)
+            .field("enable_append", &self.enable_append)
+            .field("atomic_write_dir", &self.atomic_write_dir)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/hdfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/hdfs/mod.rs
index afa3c200a7c3..1b4a4eb77d05 100644
--- a/core/src/services/hdfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/hdfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,17 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::HdfsBuilder as Hdfs;
-pub use backend::HdfsConfig;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
+pub use backend::HdfsBuilder as Hdfs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::HdfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/hdfs_native/backend.rs b/core/src/services/hdfs_native/backend.rs
index d8c9edc3cf64..31ae8ed70ebc 100644
--- a/core/src/services/hdfs_native/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/hdfs_native/backend.rs
@@ -21,43 +21,18 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use hdfs_native::WriteOptions;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
-// use uuid::Uuid;
 use super::error::parse_hdfs_error;
 use super::lister::HdfsNativeLister;
 use super::reader::HdfsNativeReader;
 use super::writer::HdfsNativeWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::HdfsNativeConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// [Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™)](https://hadoop.apache.org/) support.
 /// Using [Native Rust HDFS client](https://github.com/Kimahriman/hdfs-native).
 
-/// Config for HdfsNative services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct HdfsNativeConfig {
-    /// work dir of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// url of this backend
-    pub url: Option<String>,
-    /// enable the append capacity
-    pub enable_append: bool,
-}
-
-impl Debug for HdfsNativeConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("HdfsNativeConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("url", &self.url)
-            .field("enable_append", &self.enable_append)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for HdfsNativeConfig {
     type Builder = HdfsNativeBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/hdfs_native/config.rs b/core/src/services/hdfs_native/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c552c2bf2afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/hdfs_native/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for HdfsNative services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct HdfsNativeConfig {
+    /// work dir of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// url of this backend
+    pub url: Option<String>,
+    /// enable the append capacity
+    pub enable_append: bool,
+}
+
+impl Debug for HdfsNativeConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("HdfsNativeConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("url", &self.url)
+            .field("enable_append", &self.enable_append)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/hdfs_native/mod.rs b/core/src/services/hdfs_native/mod.rs
index a65cacb0a672..0e758428591e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/hdfs_native/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/hdfs_native/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::HdfsNativeBuilder as HdfsNative;
-pub use backend::HdfsNativeConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
+pub use backend::HdfsNativeBuilder as HdfsNative;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::HdfsNativeConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/http/backend.rs b/core/src/services/http/backend.rs
index 5da5e46329a0..7908c2e58fd2 100644
--- a/core/src/services/http/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/http/backend.rs
@@ -26,40 +26,12 @@ use http::Request;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::HttpConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Http service support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct HttpConfig {
-    /// endpoint of this backend
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// username of this backend
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// password of this backend
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// token of this backend
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-    /// root of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for HttpConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut de = f.debug_struct("HttpConfig");
-        de.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-        de.field("root", &self.root);
-
-        de.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for HttpConfig {
     type Builder = HttpBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/http/config.rs b/core/src/services/http/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2879ca5efad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/http/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Http service support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct HttpConfig {
+    /// endpoint of this backend
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// username of this backend
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// password of this backend
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// token of this backend
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+    /// root of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for HttpConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut de = f.debug_struct("HttpConfig");
+        de.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+        de.field("root", &self.root);
+
+        de.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/http/mod.rs b/core/src/services/http/mod.rs
index 7424d97c2b9b..4e222e9e1a6d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/http/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/http/mod.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-http")]
+mod error;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-http")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-http")]
 pub use backend::HttpBuilder as Http;
-pub use backend::HttpConfig;
 
-mod error;
+mod config;
+pub use config::HttpConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs b/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs
index 1e9742154336..f0118f1ed1cf 100644
--- a/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs
@@ -23,69 +23,15 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::HuggingfaceCore;
 use super::core::HuggingfaceStatus;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::lister::HuggingfaceLister;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::HuggingfaceConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Configuration for Huggingface service support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct HuggingfaceConfig {
-    /// Repo type of this backend. Default is model.
-    ///
-    /// Available values:
-    /// - model
-    /// - dataset
-    pub repo_type: Option<String>,
-    /// Repo id of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// This is required.
-    pub repo_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Revision of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Default is main.
-    pub revision: Option<String>,
-    /// Root of this backend. Can be "/path/to/dir".
-    ///
-    /// Default is "/".
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Token of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// This is optional.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for HuggingfaceConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("HuggingfaceConfig");
-
-        if let Some(repo_type) = &self.repo_type {
-            ds.field("repo_type", &repo_type);
-        }
-        if let Some(repo_id) = &self.repo_id {
-            ds.field("repo_id", &repo_id);
-        }
-        if let Some(revision) = &self.revision {
-            ds.field("revision", &revision);
-        }
-        if let Some(root) = &self.root {
-            ds.field("root", &root);
-        }
-        if self.token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for HuggingfaceConfig {
     type Builder = HuggingfaceBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/huggingface/config.rs b/core/src/services/huggingface/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..be03c6631179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/huggingface/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Configuration for Huggingface service support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct HuggingfaceConfig {
+    /// Repo type of this backend. Default is model.
+    ///
+    /// Available values:
+    /// - model
+    /// - dataset
+    pub repo_type: Option<String>,
+    /// Repo id of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// This is required.
+    pub repo_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Revision of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Default is main.
+    pub revision: Option<String>,
+    /// Root of this backend. Can be "/path/to/dir".
+    ///
+    /// Default is "/".
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Token of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// This is optional.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for HuggingfaceConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("HuggingfaceConfig");
+
+        if let Some(repo_type) = &self.repo_type {
+            ds.field("repo_type", &repo_type);
+        }
+        if let Some(repo_id) = &self.repo_id {
+            ds.field("repo_id", &repo_id);
+        }
+        if let Some(revision) = &self.revision {
+            ds.field("revision", &revision);
+        }
+        if let Some(root) = &self.root {
+            ds.field("root", &root);
+        }
+        if self.token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/huggingface/mod.rs b/core/src/services/huggingface/mod.rs
index 3a692fa45e53..011fba47134e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/huggingface/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/huggingface/mod.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,17 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::HuggingfaceBuilder as Huggingface;
-pub use backend::HuggingfaceConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
 mod lister;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
+pub use backend::HuggingfaceBuilder as Huggingface;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::HuggingfaceConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs b/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs
index 583d61a0f0d7..0066946ae824 100644
--- a/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs
@@ -21,56 +21,13 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::IcloudConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for icloud services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct IcloudConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    ///
-    /// default to `/` if not set.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// apple_id of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// apple_id must be full, mostly like `example@gmail.com`.
-    pub apple_id: Option<String>,
-    /// password of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// password must be full.
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Session
-    ///
-    /// token must be valid.
-    pub trust_token: Option<String>,
-    /// ds_web_auth_token must be set in Session
-    pub ds_web_auth_token: Option<String>,
-    /// enable the china origin
-    /// China region `origin` Header needs to be set to "https://www.icloud.com.cn".
-    ///
-    /// otherwise Apple server will return 302.
-    pub is_china_mainland: bool,
-}
-
-impl Debug for IcloudConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("IcloudBuilder");
-        d.field("root", &self.root);
-        d.field("is_china_mainland", &self.is_china_mainland);
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for IcloudConfig {
     type Builder = IcloudBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/icloud/config.rs b/core/src/services/icloud/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fc511457c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/icloud/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for icloud services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct IcloudConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    ///
+    /// default to `/` if not set.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// apple_id of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// apple_id must be full, mostly like `example@gmail.com`.
+    pub apple_id: Option<String>,
+    /// password of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// password must be full.
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Session
+    ///
+    /// token must be valid.
+    pub trust_token: Option<String>,
+    /// ds_web_auth_token must be set in Session
+    pub ds_web_auth_token: Option<String>,
+    /// enable the china origin
+    /// China region `origin` Header needs to be set to "https://www.icloud.com.cn".
+    ///
+    /// otherwise Apple server will return 302.
+    pub is_china_mainland: bool,
+}
+
+impl Debug for IcloudConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("IcloudBuilder");
+        d.field("root", &self.root);
+        d.field("is_china_mainland", &self.is_china_mainland);
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/icloud/mod.rs b/core/src/services/icloud/mod.rs
index fd9b28633cb3..92111fee0bf0 100644
--- a/core/src/services/icloud/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/icloud/mod.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-icloud")]
+mod core;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-icloud")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-icloud")]
 pub use backend::IcloudBuilder as Icloud;
-pub use backend::IcloudConfig;
 
-mod core;
+mod config;
+pub use config::IcloudConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs
index 5589db79a99a..2a72efc9a917 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs
@@ -24,25 +24,13 @@ use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
 use prost::Message;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::ipld::PBNode;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::IpfsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for IPFS file system support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct IpfsConfig {
-    /// IPFS gateway endpoint.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// IPFS root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for IpfsConfig {
     type Builder = IpfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/ipfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2685ccdd957a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/ipfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for IPFS file system support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct IpfsConfig {
+    /// IPFS gateway endpoint.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// IPFS root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/ipfs/mod.rs
index dfc259740a1e..d12ad5440d02 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,15 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
+mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
+mod ipld;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
 pub use backend::IpfsBuilder as Ipfs;
-pub use backend::IpfsConfig;
 
-mod error;
-mod ipld;
+mod config;
+pub use config::IpfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/builder.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/builder.rs
index 9704888215ca..6bb56ebcde34 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipmfs/builder.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/builder.rs
@@ -16,24 +16,12 @@
 // under the License.
 
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::backend::IpmfsBackend;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::IpmfsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for IPFS MFS support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct IpmfsConfig {
-    /// Root for ipfs.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Endpoint for ipfs.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for IpmfsConfig {
     type Builder = IpmfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f059cdfa10f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for IPFS MFS support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct IpmfsConfig {
+    /// Root for ipfs.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Endpoint for ipfs.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/mod.rs
index a054047875eb..b993c242deb0 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipmfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
 mod backend;
-mod builder;
-pub use builder::IpmfsBuilder as Ipmfs;
-pub use builder::IpmfsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
+mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
+pub use builder::IpmfsBuilder as Ipmfs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::IpmfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs
index 7809e35eae0e..0b638df32117 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
@@ -36,36 +34,9 @@ use super::lister::KoofrLister;
 use super::writer::KoofrWriter;
 use super::writer::KoofrWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::KoofrConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Koofr services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct KoofrConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Koofr endpoint.
-    pub endpoint: String,
-    /// Koofr email.
-    pub email: String,
-    /// password of this backend. (Must be the application password)
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for KoofrConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("email", &self.email);
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for KoofrConfig {
     type Builder = KoofrBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/config.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7ac01c423841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Koofr services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct KoofrConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Koofr endpoint.
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    /// Koofr email.
+    pub email: String,
+    /// password of this backend. (Must be the application password)
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for KoofrConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("email", &self.email);
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/mod.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/mod.rs
index 445d69fbb82e..c73c4dcbe7ff 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::KoofrBuilder as Koofr;
-pub use backend::KoofrConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
+pub use backend::KoofrBuilder as Koofr;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::KoofrConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs b/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs
index 8df0c9426635..70ce17889654 100644
--- a/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs
@@ -35,51 +35,13 @@ use hrana_client_proto::StmtResult;
 use hrana_client_proto::Value;
 use http::Request;
 use http::Uri;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::LibsqlConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Libsql services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct LibsqlConfig {
-    /// Connection string for libsql service.
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-    /// Authentication token for libsql service.
-    pub auth_token: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Table name for libsql service.
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-    /// Key field name for libsql service.
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// Value field name for libsql service.
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-    /// Root for libsql service.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for LibsqlConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("LibsqlConfig");
-        ds.field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
-            .field("table", &self.table)
-            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
-            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
-            .field("root", &self.root);
-
-        if self.auth_token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("auth_token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for LibsqlConfig {
     type Builder = LibsqlBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/libsql/config.rs b/core/src/services/libsql/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fad630d300a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/libsql/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Libsql services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct LibsqlConfig {
+    /// Connection string for libsql service.
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+    /// Authentication token for libsql service.
+    pub auth_token: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Table name for libsql service.
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+    /// Key field name for libsql service.
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// Value field name for libsql service.
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+    /// Root for libsql service.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for LibsqlConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("LibsqlConfig");
+        ds.field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
+            .field("table", &self.table)
+            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
+            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
+            .field("root", &self.root);
+
+        if self.auth_token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("auth_token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/libsql/mod.rs b/core/src/services/libsql/mod.rs
index 086dc5910900..7e859d5fdb49 100644
--- a/core/src/services/libsql/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/libsql/mod.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-libsql")]
+mod error;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-libsql")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-libsql")]
 pub use backend::LibsqlBuilder as Libsql;
-pub use backend::LibsqlConfig;
 
-mod error;
+mod config;
+pub use config::LibsqlConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/memcached/backend.rs b/core/src/services/memcached/backend.rs
index 2e8526c0cbf7..c89b81ba704a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/memcached/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/memcached/backend.rs
@@ -18,37 +18,15 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use bb8::RunError;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::net::TcpStream;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use super::binary;
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::MemcachedConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for MemCached services support
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MemcachedConfig {
-    /// network address of the memcached service.
-    ///
-    /// For example: "tcp://localhost:11211"
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// the working directory of the service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
-    ///
-    /// default is "/"
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Memcached username, optional.
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// Memcached password, optional.
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// The default ttl for put operations.
-    pub default_ttl: Option<Duration>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MemcachedConfig {
     type Builder = MemcachedBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/memcached/config.rs b/core/src/services/memcached/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c05a667cb519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/memcached/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Config for MemCached services support
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MemcachedConfig {
+    /// network address of the memcached service.
+    ///
+    /// For example: "tcp://localhost:11211"
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// the working directory of the service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
+    ///
+    /// default is "/"
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Memcached username, optional.
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// Memcached password, optional.
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// The default ttl for put operations.
+    pub default_ttl: Option<Duration>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/memcached/mod.rs b/core/src/services/memcached/mod.rs
index d293520797cb..3065eea73587 100644
--- a/core/src/services/memcached/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/memcached/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,13 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-memcached")]
+mod binary;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-memcached")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-memcached")]
 pub use backend::MemcachedBuilder as Memcached;
-pub use backend::MemcachedConfig;
-mod binary;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MemcachedConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/memory/backend.rs b/core/src/services/memory/backend.rs
index ef7ca83760fc..93041ba51697 100644
--- a/core/src/services/memory/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/memory/backend.rs
@@ -20,22 +20,11 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
-
 use crate::raw::adapters::typed_kv;
 use crate::raw::Access;
+use crate::services::MemoryConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for memory.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MemoryConfig {
-    /// root of the backend.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MemoryConfig {
     type Builder = MemoryBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/memory/config.rs b/core/src/services/memory/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e9d5a97abb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/memory/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for memory.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MemoryConfig {
+    /// root of the backend.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/memory/mod.rs b/core/src/services/memory/mod.rs
index 6ba9c2bac330..ecf2e8d27d21 100644
--- a/core/src/services/memory/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/memory/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-memory")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-memory")]
 pub use backend::MemoryBuilder as Memory;
-pub use backend::MemoryConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MemoryConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/mini_moka/backend.rs b/core/src/services/mini_moka/backend.rs
index e84a82c8f38e..f99bf0a1ecbb 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mini_moka/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mini_moka/backend.rs
@@ -21,35 +21,12 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use log::debug;
 use mini_moka::sync::Cache;
 use mini_moka::sync::CacheBuilder;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::typed_kv;
 use crate::raw::Access;
+use crate::services::MiniMokaConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for mini-moka support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MiniMokaConfig {
-    /// Sets the max capacity of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`mini-moka::sync::CacheBuilder::max_capacity`](https://docs.rs/mini-moka/latest/mini_moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.max_capacity)
-    pub max_capacity: Option<u64>,
-    /// Sets the time to live of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`mini-moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_live`](https://docs.rs/mini-moka/latest/mini_moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_live)
-    pub time_to_live: Option<Duration>,
-    /// Sets the time to idle of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`mini-moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_idle`](https://docs.rs/mini-moka/latest/mini_moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_idle)
-    pub time_to_idle: Option<Duration>,
-
-    /// root path of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MiniMokaConfig {
     type Builder = MiniMokaBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/mini_moka/config.rs b/core/src/services/mini_moka/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff76b1ae005b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/mini_moka/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Config for mini-moka support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MiniMokaConfig {
+    /// Sets the max capacity of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`mini-moka::sync::CacheBuilder::max_capacity`](https://docs.rs/mini-moka/latest/mini_moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.max_capacity)
+    pub max_capacity: Option<u64>,
+    /// Sets the time to live of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`mini-moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_live`](https://docs.rs/mini-moka/latest/mini_moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_live)
+    pub time_to_live: Option<Duration>,
+    /// Sets the time to idle of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`mini-moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_idle`](https://docs.rs/mini-moka/latest/mini_moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_idle)
+    pub time_to_idle: Option<Duration>,
+
+    /// root path of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/mini_moka/mod.rs b/core/src/services/mini_moka/mod.rs
index cef6a0630b07..bb3b141aa24e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mini_moka/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mini_moka/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-mini-moka")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-mini-moka")]
 pub use backend::MiniMokaBuilder as MiniMoka;
-pub use backend::MiniMokaConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MiniMokaConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/mod.rs b/core/src/services/mod.rs
index 10e9aa7f2e70..62ece326329d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mod.rs
@@ -19,457 +19,197 @@
 //!
 //! More ongoing services support is tracked at [opendal#5](https://github.com/apache/opendal/issues/5). Please feel free to submit issues if there are services not covered.
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
 mod aliyun_drive;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
-pub use aliyun_drive::AliyunDrive;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-aliyun-drive")]
-pub use aliyun_drive::AliyunDriveConfig;
+pub use aliyun_drive::*;
+
+mod alluxio;
+pub use alluxio::*;
+
+mod atomicserver;
+pub use self::atomicserver::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
 mod azblob;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
-pub use azblob::Azblob;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azblob")]
-pub use azblob::AzblobConfig;
+pub use azblob::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
 mod azdls;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
-pub use azdls::Azdls;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azdls")]
-pub use azdls::AzdlsConfig;
+pub use azdls::*;
+
+mod azfile;
+pub use azfile::*;
+
+mod b2;
+pub use b2::*;
+
+mod cacache;
+pub use self::cacache::*;
+
+mod chainsafe;
+pub use chainsafe::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cloudflare-kv")]
 mod cloudflare_kv;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cloudflare-kv")]
-pub use self::cloudflare_kv::CloudflareKv;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cloudflare-kv")]
-pub use self::cloudflare_kv::CloudflareKvConfig;
+pub use self::cloudflare_kv::*;
+
+mod compfs;
+pub use compfs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
 mod cos;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
-pub use cos::Cos;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cos")]
-pub use cos::CosConfig;
+pub use cos::*;
+
+mod d1;
+pub use self::d1::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dashmap")]
 mod dashmap;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dashmap")]
-pub use self::dashmap::Dashmap;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dashmap")]
-pub use self::dashmap::DashmapConfig;
+pub use self::dashmap::*;
+
+mod dbfs;
+pub use self::dbfs::*;
+
+mod dropbox;
+pub use dropbox::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-etcd")]
 mod etcd;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-etcd")]
-pub use self::etcd::Etcd;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-etcd")]
-pub use self::etcd::EtcdConfig;
+pub use self::etcd::*;
+
+mod foundationdb;
+pub use self::foundationdb::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
 mod fs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
-pub use fs::Fs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-fs")]
-pub use fs::FsConfig;
+pub use fs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
 mod ftp;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
-pub use ftp::Ftp;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ftp")]
-pub use ftp::FtpConfig;
+pub use ftp::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
 mod gcs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
-pub use gcs::Gcs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gcs")]
-pub use gcs::GcsConfig;
+pub use gcs::*;
+
+mod gdrive;
+pub use gdrive::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
 mod ghac;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
-pub use ghac::Ghac;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ghac")]
-pub use ghac::GhacConfig;
+pub use ghac::*;
+
+mod github;
+pub use github::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gridfs")]
 mod gridfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gridfs")]
-pub use gridfs::GridFsConfig;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gridfs")]
-pub use gridfs::Gridfs;
+pub use gridfs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
 mod hdfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
-pub use self::hdfs::Hdfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs")]
-pub use self::hdfs::HdfsConfig;
+pub use self::hdfs::*;
+
+mod hdfs_native;
+pub use hdfs_native::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-http")]
 mod http;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-http")]
-pub use self::http::Http;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-http")]
-pub use self::http::HttpConfig;
+pub use self::http::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
 mod huggingface;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
-pub use huggingface::Huggingface;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-huggingface")]
-pub use huggingface::HuggingfaceConfig;
+pub use huggingface::*;
+
+mod icloud;
+pub use icloud::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
 mod ipfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
-pub use self::ipfs::Ipfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ipfs")]
-pub use self::ipfs::IpfsConfig;
+pub use self::ipfs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
 mod ipmfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
-pub use ipmfs::Ipmfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-ipmfs")]
-pub use ipmfs::IpmfsConfig;
+pub use ipmfs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-icloud")]
-mod icloud;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-icloud")]
-pub use icloud::Icloud;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-icloud")]
-pub use icloud::IcloudConfig;
+mod koofr;
+pub use koofr::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-libsql")]
 mod libsql;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-libsql")]
-pub use libsql::Libsql;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-libsql")]
-pub use libsql::LibsqlConfig;
+pub use libsql::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-memcached")]
 mod memcached;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-memcached")]
-pub use memcached::Memcached;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-memcached")]
-pub use memcached::MemcachedConfig;
+pub use memcached::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-memory")]
 mod memory;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-memory")]
-pub use self::memory::Memory;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-memory")]
-pub use self::memory::MemoryConfig;
+pub use self::memory::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mini-moka")]
 mod mini_moka;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mini-moka")]
-pub use self::mini_moka::MiniMoka;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mini-moka")]
-pub use self::mini_moka::MiniMokaConfig;
+pub use self::mini_moka::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-moka")]
 mod moka;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-moka")]
-pub use self::moka::Moka;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-moka")]
-pub use self::moka::MokaConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
-mod obs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
-pub use obs::Obs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
-pub use obs::ObsConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
-mod oss;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
-pub use oss::Oss;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
-pub use oss::OssConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cacache")]
-mod cacache;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cacache")]
-pub use self::cacache::Cacache;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-cacache")]
-pub use self::cacache::CacacheConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-persy")]
-mod persy;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-persy")]
-pub use self::persy::Persy;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-persy")]
-pub use self::persy::PersyConfig;
+pub use self::moka::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-redis")]
-mod redis;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-redis")]
-pub use self::redis::Redis;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-redis")]
-pub use self::redis::RedisConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-rocksdb")]
-mod rocksdb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-rocksdb")]
-pub use self::rocksdb::Rocksdb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-rocksdb")]
-pub use self::rocksdb::RocksdbConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
-mod s3;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
-pub use s3::S3Config;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
-pub use s3::S3;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
-mod sftp;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
-pub use sftp::Sftp;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
-pub use sftp::SftpConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sled")]
-mod sled;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sled")]
-pub use self::sled::Sled;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sled")]
-pub use self::sled::SledConfig;
+mod mongodb;
+pub use self::mongodb::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
-mod supabase;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
-pub use supabase::Supabase;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
-pub use supabase::SupabaseConfig;
+mod monoiofs;
+pub use monoiofs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
-mod webdav;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
-pub use webdav::Webdav;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
-pub use webdav::WebdavConfig;
+mod mysql;
+pub use self::mysql::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
-mod webhdfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
-pub use webhdfs::Webhdfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
-pub use webhdfs::WebhdfsConfig;
+mod obs;
+pub use obs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
 mod onedrive;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
-pub use onedrive::Onedrive;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
-pub use onedrive::OnedriveConfig;
+pub use onedrive::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
-mod gdrive;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
-pub use gdrive::Gdrive;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-gdrive")]
-pub use gdrive::GdriveConfig;
+mod oss;
+pub use oss::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
-mod github;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
-pub use github::Github;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-github")]
-pub use github::GithubConfig;
+mod pcloud;
+pub use pcloud::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
-mod dropbox;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
-pub use dropbox::Dropbox;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dropbox")]
-pub use dropbox::DropboxConfig;
+mod persy;
+pub use self::persy::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
-mod vercel_artifacts;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
-pub use vercel_artifacts::VercelArtifacts;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
-pub use vercel_artifacts::VercelArtifactsConfig;
+mod postgresql;
+pub use self::postgresql::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-redb")]
 mod redb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-redb")]
-pub use self::redb::Redb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-redb")]
-pub use self::redb::RedbConfig;
+pub use self::redb::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-tikv")]
-mod tikv;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-tikv")]
-pub use self::tikv::Tikv;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-tikv")]
-pub use self::tikv::TikvConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-foundationdb")]
-mod foundationdb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-foundationdb")]
-pub use self::foundationdb::Foundationdb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-foundationdb")]
-pub use self::foundationdb::FoundationdbConfig;
+mod redis;
+pub use self::redis::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-postgresql")]
-mod postgresql;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-postgresql")]
-pub use self::postgresql::Postgresql;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-postgresql")]
-pub use self::postgresql::PostgresqlConfig;
+mod rocksdb;
+pub use self::rocksdb::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-atomicserver")]
-mod atomicserver;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-atomicserver")]
-pub use self::atomicserver::Atomicserver;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-atomicserver")]
-pub use self::atomicserver::AtomicserverConfig;
+mod s3;
+pub use s3::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mysql")]
-mod mysql;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mysql")]
-pub use self::mysql::Mysql;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mysql")]
-pub use self::mysql::MysqlConfig;
+mod seafile;
+pub use seafile::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sqlite")]
-mod sqlite;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sqlite")]
-pub use sqlite::Sqlite;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-sqlite")]
-pub use sqlite::SqliteConfig;
+mod sftp;
+pub use sftp::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
-mod d1;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
-pub use self::d1::D1Config;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-d1")]
-pub use self::d1::D1;
+mod sled;
+pub use self::sled::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
-mod azfile;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
-pub use self::azfile::Azfile;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-azfile")]
-pub use self::azfile::AzfileConfig;
+mod sqlite;
+pub use self::sqlite::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mongodb")]
-mod mongodb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mongodb")]
-pub use self::mongodb::Mongodb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-mongodb")]
-pub use self::mongodb::MongodbConfig;
+mod supabase;
+pub use supabase::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
-mod dbfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
-pub use self::dbfs::Dbfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-dbfs")]
-pub use self::dbfs::DbfsConfig;
+mod surrealdb;
+pub use surrealdb::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
 mod swift;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
-pub use self::swift::Swift;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
-pub use self::swift::SwiftConfig;
+pub use self::swift::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
-mod alluxio;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
-pub use alluxio::Alluxio;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-alluxio")]
-pub use alluxio::AlluxioConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
-mod b2;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
-pub use b2::B2Config;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-b2")]
-pub use b2::B2;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
-mod seafile;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
-pub use seafile::Seafile;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
-pub use seafile::SeafileConfig;
+mod tikv;
+pub use self::tikv::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
 mod upyun;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
-pub use upyun::Upyun;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
-pub use upyun::UpyunConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
-mod chainsafe;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
-pub use chainsafe::Chainsafe;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-chainsafe")]
-pub use chainsafe::ChainsafeConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
-mod pcloud;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
-pub use pcloud::Pcloud;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
-pub use pcloud::PcloudConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
-mod hdfs_native;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
-pub use hdfs_native::HdfsNative;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-hdfs-native")]
-pub use hdfs_native::HdfsNativeConfig;
+pub use upyun::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
-mod yandex_disk;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
-pub use yandex_disk::YandexDisk;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
-pub use yandex_disk::YandexDiskConfig;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
-mod koofr;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
-pub use koofr::Koofr;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-koofr")]
-pub use koofr::KoofrConfig;
+mod vercel_artifacts;
+pub use vercel_artifacts::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
 mod vercel_blob;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
-pub use vercel_blob::VercelBlob;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
-pub use vercel_blob::VercelBlobConfig;
+pub use vercel_blob::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-surrealdb")]
-mod surrealdb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-surrealdb")]
-pub use surrealdb::Surrealdb;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-surrealdb")]
-pub use surrealdb::SurrealdbConfig;
+mod webdav;
+pub use webdav::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
-mod compfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
-pub use compfs::Compfs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-compfs")]
-pub use compfs::CompfsConfig;
+mod webhdfs;
+pub use webhdfs::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
-mod monoiofs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
-pub use monoiofs::Monoiofs;
-#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
-pub use monoiofs::MonoiofsConfig;
+mod yandex_disk;
+pub use yandex_disk::*;
diff --git a/core/src/services/moka/backend.rs b/core/src/services/moka/backend.rs
index 1f29fd8bcf87..451bb74c5031 100644
--- a/core/src/services/moka/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/moka/backend.rs
@@ -22,54 +22,12 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use log::debug;
 use moka::sync::CacheBuilder;
 use moka::sync::SegmentedCache;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::typed_kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::MokaConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Moka services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MokaConfig {
-    /// Name for this cache instance.
-    pub name: Option<String>,
-    /// Sets the max capacity of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::max_capacity`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.max_capacity)
-    pub max_capacity: Option<u64>,
-    /// Sets the time to live of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_live`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_live)
-    pub time_to_live: Option<Duration>,
-    /// Sets the time to idle of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_idle`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_idle)
-    pub time_to_idle: Option<Duration>,
-    /// Sets the segments number of the cache.
-    ///
-    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::segments`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.segments)
-    pub num_segments: Option<usize>,
-
-    /// root path of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for MokaConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("MokaConfig")
-            .field("name", &self.name)
-            .field("max_capacity", &self.max_capacity)
-            .field("time_to_live", &self.time_to_live)
-            .field("time_to_idle", &self.time_to_idle)
-            .field("num_segments", &self.num_segments)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MokaConfig {
     type Builder = MokaBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/moka/config.rs b/core/src/services/moka/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8e0976456be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/moka/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Config for Moka services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MokaConfig {
+    /// Name for this cache instance.
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    /// Sets the max capacity of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::max_capacity`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.max_capacity)
+    pub max_capacity: Option<u64>,
+    /// Sets the time to live of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_live`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_live)
+    pub time_to_live: Option<Duration>,
+    /// Sets the time to idle of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::time_to_idle`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.time_to_idle)
+    pub time_to_idle: Option<Duration>,
+    /// Sets the segments number of the cache.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to [`moka::sync::CacheBuilder::segments`](https://docs.rs/moka/latest/moka/sync/struct.CacheBuilder.html#method.segments)
+    pub num_segments: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// root path of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for MokaConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("MokaConfig")
+            .field("name", &self.name)
+            .field("max_capacity", &self.max_capacity)
+            .field("time_to_live", &self.time_to_live)
+            .field("time_to_idle", &self.time_to_idle)
+            .field("num_segments", &self.num_segments)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/moka/mod.rs b/core/src/services/moka/mod.rs
index 0d79a37bef1b..89605e7ca4b4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/moka/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/moka/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-moka")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-moka")]
 pub use backend::MokaBuilder as Moka;
-pub use backend::MokaConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MokaConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/mongodb/backend.rs b/core/src/services/mongodb/backend.rs
index 8c7cb893c157..24abe6fb03ef 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mongodb/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mongodb/backend.rs
@@ -22,46 +22,13 @@ use mongodb::bson::doc;
 use mongodb::bson::Binary;
 use mongodb::bson::Document;
 use mongodb::options::ClientOptions;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::MongodbConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Mongodb service support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MongodbConfig {
-    /// connection string of this backend
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-    /// database of this backend
-    pub database: Option<String>,
-    /// collection of this backend
-    pub collection: Option<String>,
-    /// root of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// key field of this backend
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// value field of this backend
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for MongodbConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("MongodbConfig")
-            .field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
-            .field("database", &self.database)
-            .field("collection", &self.collection)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
-            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MongodbConfig {
     type Builder = MongodbBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/mongodb/config.rs b/core/src/services/mongodb/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a20662ed453a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/mongodb/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Mongodb service support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MongodbConfig {
+    /// connection string of this backend
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+    /// database of this backend
+    pub database: Option<String>,
+    /// collection of this backend
+    pub collection: Option<String>,
+    /// root of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// key field of this backend
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// value field of this backend
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for MongodbConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("MongodbConfig")
+            .field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
+            .field("database", &self.database)
+            .field("collection", &self.collection)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
+            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/mongodb/mod.rs b/core/src/services/mongodb/mod.rs
index df5a7a3fc336..a276de95db2e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mongodb/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mongodb/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-mongodb")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-mongodb")]
 pub use backend::MongodbBuilder as Mongodb;
-pub use backend::MongodbConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MongodbConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/monoiofs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/monoiofs/backend.rs
index c2443f148b95..89c5b0ebdc30 100644
--- a/core/src/services/monoiofs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/monoiofs/backend.rs
@@ -21,28 +21,14 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use chrono::DateTime;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::MonoiofsCore;
 use super::reader::MonoiofsReader;
 use super::writer::MonoiofsWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::MonoiofsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for monoiofs services support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MonoiofsConfig {
-    /// The Root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    ///
-    /// Builder::build will return error if not set.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MonoiofsConfig {
     type Builder = MonoiofsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/monoiofs/config.rs b/core/src/services/monoiofs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ea55ae58fc18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/monoiofs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for monoiofs services support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MonoiofsConfig {
+    /// The Root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    ///
+    /// Builder::build will return error if not set.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/monoiofs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/monoiofs/mod.rs
index dbda5ac14786..e342397581c6 100644
--- a/core/src/services/monoiofs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/monoiofs/mod.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,17 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::MonoiofsBuilder as Monoiofs;
-pub use backend::MonoiofsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-monoiofs")]
+pub use backend::MonoiofsBuilder as Monoiofs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MonoiofsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/mysql/backend.rs b/core/src/services/mysql/backend.rs
index cdf9c90b6893..9e55d02f6416 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mysql/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mysql/backend.rs
@@ -20,47 +20,12 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use mysql_async::prelude::*;
 use mysql_async::Opts;
 use mysql_async::Pool;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::MysqlConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Mysql services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct MysqlConfig {
-    /// The connection string for mysql.
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The table name for mysql.
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-    /// The key field name for mysql.
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// The value field name for mysql.
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-    /// The root for mysql.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for MysqlConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("MysqlConfig");
-
-        if self.connection_string.is_some() {
-            d.field("connection_string", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("table", &self.table)
-            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
-            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for MysqlConfig {
     type Builder = MysqlBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/mysql/config.rs b/core/src/services/mysql/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a27037b93509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/mysql/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Mysql services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MysqlConfig {
+    /// The connection string for mysql.
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The table name for mysql.
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+    /// The key field name for mysql.
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// The value field name for mysql.
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+    /// The root for mysql.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for MysqlConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("MysqlConfig");
+
+        if self.connection_string.is_some() {
+            d.field("connection_string", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("table", &self.table)
+            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
+            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/mysql/mod.rs b/core/src/services/mysql/mod.rs
index fd4ce87a676e..9b333889429b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/mysql/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/mysql/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-mysql")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-mysql")]
 pub use backend::MysqlBuilder as Mysql;
-pub use backend::MysqlConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::MysqlConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs
index 20433c8854cb..b84c62e77085 100644
--- a/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ use log::debug;
 use reqsign::HuaweicloudObsConfig;
 use reqsign::HuaweicloudObsCredentialLoader;
 use reqsign::HuaweicloudObsSigner;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::ObsCore;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -35,37 +33,9 @@ use super::lister::ObsLister;
 use super::writer::ObsWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::services::obs::writer::ObsWriters;
+use crate::services::ObsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Huawei-Cloud Object Storage Service (OBS) support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct ObsConfig {
-    /// Root for obs.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Endpoint for obs.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Access key id for obs.
-    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Secret access key for obs.
-    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
-    /// Bucket for obs.
-    pub bucket: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for ObsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("ObsConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("access_key_id", &"<redacted>")
-            .field("secret_access_key", &"<redacted>")
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for ObsConfig {
     type Builder = ObsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/config.rs b/core/src/services/obs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5c7a1667cf02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Huawei-Cloud Object Storage Service (OBS) support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct ObsConfig {
+    /// Root for obs.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Endpoint for obs.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Access key id for obs.
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Secret access key for obs.
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
+    /// Bucket for obs.
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for ObsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("ObsConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("access_key_id", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("secret_access_key", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/obs/mod.rs
index daa275138171..612a526889e0 100644
--- a/core/src/services/obs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::ObsBuilder as Obs;
-pub use backend::ObsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-obs")]
+pub use backend::ObsBuilder as Obs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::ObsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/builder.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/builder.rs
index 5b3fb36739bd..9ee0eb0e989e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/onedrive/builder.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/builder.rs
@@ -19,35 +19,15 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::backend::OnedriveBackend;
 use crate::raw::normalize_root;
 use crate::raw::Access;
 use crate::raw::HttpClient;
+use crate::services::OnedriveConfig;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for [OneDrive](https://onedrive.com) backend support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct OnedriveConfig {
-    /// bearer access token for OneDrive
-    pub access_token: Option<String>,
-    /// root path of OneDrive folder.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for OnedriveConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("OnedriveConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for OnedriveConfig {
     type Builder = OnedriveBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/config.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40baf69afde2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for [OneDrive](https://onedrive.com) backend support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct OnedriveConfig {
+    /// bearer access token for OneDrive
+    pub access_token: Option<String>,
+    /// root path of OneDrive folder.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for OnedriveConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("OnedriveConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/mod.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/mod.rs
index 672fb6c7e1e7..9168394bb766 100644
--- a/core/src/services/onedrive/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/mod.rs
@@ -15,13 +15,21 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
 mod backend;
-mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
 mod graph_model;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
+mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
+mod writer;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
+mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-onedrive")]
 pub use builder::OnedriveBuilder as Onedrive;
-pub use builder::OnedriveConfig;
 
-mod lister;
-mod writer;
+mod config;
+pub use config::OnedriveConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs b/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs
index b9e3d44a7191..aa81ef2e55c3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ use log::debug;
 use reqsign::AliyunConfig;
 use reqsign::AliyunLoader;
 use reqsign::AliyunOssSigner;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -37,54 +35,11 @@ use super::lister::OssLister;
 use super::writer::OssWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::services::oss::writer::OssWriters;
+use crate::services::OssConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 const DEFAULT_BATCH_MAX_OPERATIONS: usize = 1000;
 
-/// Config for Aliyun Object Storage Service (OSS) support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct OssConfig {
-    /// Root for oss.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Endpoint for oss.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Presign endpoint for oss.
-    pub presign_endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Bucket for oss.
-    pub bucket: String,
-
-    // OSS features
-    /// Server side encryption for oss.
-    pub server_side_encryption: Option<String>,
-    /// Server side encryption key id for oss.
-    pub server_side_encryption_key_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Allow anonymous for oss.
-    pub allow_anonymous: bool,
-
-    // authenticate options
-    /// Access key id for oss.
-    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Access key secret for oss.
-    pub access_key_secret: Option<String>,
-    /// batch_max_operations
-    pub batch_max_operations: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for OssConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("Builder");
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("allow_anonymous", &self.allow_anonymous);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for OssConfig {
     type Builder = OssBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/config.rs b/core/src/services/oss/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..743fbb02ea19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Aliyun Object Storage Service (OSS) support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct OssConfig {
+    /// Root for oss.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Endpoint for oss.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Presign endpoint for oss.
+    pub presign_endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Bucket for oss.
+    pub bucket: String,
+
+    // OSS features
+    /// Server side encryption for oss.
+    pub server_side_encryption: Option<String>,
+    /// Server side encryption key id for oss.
+    pub server_side_encryption_key_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Allow anonymous for oss.
+    pub allow_anonymous: bool,
+
+    // authenticate options
+    /// Access key id for oss.
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Access key secret for oss.
+    pub access_key_secret: Option<String>,
+    /// batch_max_operations
+    pub batch_max_operations: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for OssConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("Builder");
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("allow_anonymous", &self.allow_anonymous);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/mod.rs b/core/src/services/oss/mod.rs
index 4839cff2d37f..b5f172e4a70c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/oss/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::OssBuilder as Oss;
-pub use backend::OssConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-oss")]
+pub use backend::OssBuilder as Oss;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::OssConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs
index a07fdd54728b..904b81d848a7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -33,37 +31,9 @@ use super::lister::PcloudLister;
 use super::writer::PcloudWriter;
 use super::writer::PcloudWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::PcloudConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Pcloud services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct PcloudConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    ///pCloud  endpoint address.
-    pub endpoint: String,
-    /// pCloud username.
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// pCloud password.
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for PcloudConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-        ds.field("username", &self.username);
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for PcloudConfig {
     type Builder = PcloudBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/config.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d09078c24c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Pcloud services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct PcloudConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    ///pCloud  endpoint address.
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    /// pCloud username.
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// pCloud password.
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for PcloudConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+        ds.field("username", &self.username);
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/mod.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/mod.rs
index 50fb5e5f53c3..ae3a01c5204b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::PcloudBuilder as Pcloud;
-pub use backend::PcloudConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-pcloud")]
+pub use backend::PcloudBuilder as Pcloud;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::PcloudConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/persy/backend.rs b/core/src/services/persy/backend.rs
index 7b5c0c1fdde1..10b48db08137 100644
--- a/core/src/services/persy/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/persy/backend.rs
@@ -20,31 +20,17 @@ use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::str;
 
 use persy;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::task;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::PersyConfig;
 use crate::Builder;
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for persy service support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct PersyConfig {
-    /// That path to the persy data file. The directory in the path must already exist.
-    pub datafile: Option<String>,
-    /// That name of the persy segment.
-    pub segment: Option<String>,
-    /// That name of the persy index.
-    pub index: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for PersyConfig {
     type Builder = PersyBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/persy/config.rs b/core/src/services/persy/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d5ef977f3240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/persy/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Config for persy service support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct PersyConfig {
+    /// That path to the persy data file. The directory in the path must already exist.
+    pub datafile: Option<String>,
+    /// That name of the persy segment.
+    pub segment: Option<String>,
+    /// That name of the persy index.
+    pub index: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/persy/mod.rs b/core/src/services/persy/mod.rs
index a7456fc87be9..005f345ff550 100644
--- a/core/src/services/persy/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/persy/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-persy")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-persy")]
 pub use backend::PersyBuilder as Persy;
-pub use backend::PersyConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::PersyConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/postgresql/backend.rs b/core/src/services/postgresql/backend.rs
index e049eae0d1a7..bc3544d359f1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/postgresql/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/postgresql/backend.rs
@@ -22,52 +22,14 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use bb8::Pool;
 use bb8_postgres::PostgresConnectionManager;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 use tokio_postgres::Config;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::PostgresqlConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for PostgreSQL services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct PostgresqlConfig {
-    /// Root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    ///
-    /// Default to `/` if not set.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// the connection string of postgres server
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-    /// the table of postgresql
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-    /// the key field of postgresql
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// the value field of postgresql
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for PostgresqlConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("PostgresqlConfig");
-
-        if self.connection_string.is_some() {
-            d.field("connection_string", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("table", &self.table)
-            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
-            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for PostgresqlConfig {
     type Builder = PostgresqlBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/postgresql/config.rs b/core/src/services/postgresql/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a3dde90b81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/postgresql/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for PostgreSQL services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct PostgresqlConfig {
+    /// Root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `/` if not set.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// the connection string of postgres server
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+    /// the table of postgresql
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+    /// the key field of postgresql
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// the value field of postgresql
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for PostgresqlConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("PostgresqlConfig");
+
+        if self.connection_string.is_some() {
+            d.field("connection_string", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("table", &self.table)
+            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
+            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/postgresql/mod.rs b/core/src/services/postgresql/mod.rs
index ca185a4ec3b0..1f1d666eb2aa 100644
--- a/core/src/services/postgresql/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/postgresql/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-postgresql")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-postgresql")]
 pub use backend::PostgresqlBuilder as Postgresql;
-pub use backend::PostgresqlConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::PostgresqlConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/redb/backend.rs b/core/src/services/redb/backend.rs
index e4f3d33276d4..d6dc290e758e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/redb/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/redb/backend.rs
@@ -19,31 +19,17 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::task;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::RedbConfig;
 use crate::Builder;
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for redb service support.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct RedbConfig {
-    /// path to the redb data directory.
-    pub datadir: Option<String>,
-    /// The root for redb.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The table name for redb.
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for RedbConfig {
     type Builder = RedbBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/redb/config.rs b/core/src/services/redb/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55b2532f4c3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/redb/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for redb service support.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct RedbConfig {
+    /// path to the redb data directory.
+    pub datadir: Option<String>,
+    /// The root for redb.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The table name for redb.
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/redb/mod.rs b/core/src/services/redb/mod.rs
index f75e57fb2f0f..1c44bcd062f7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/redb/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/redb/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-redb")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-redb")]
 pub use backend::RedbBuilder as Redb;
-pub use backend::RedbConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::RedbConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/redis/backend.rs b/core/src/services/redis/backend.rs
index 59e3e09571ae..b0b5c11c235f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/redis/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/redis/backend.rs
@@ -31,73 +31,16 @@ use redis::ConnectionInfo;
 use redis::RedisConnectionInfo;
 use redis::RedisError;
 use redis::{AsyncCommands, ProtocolVersion};
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::RedisConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 const DEFAULT_REDIS_ENDPOINT: &str = "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379";
 const DEFAULT_REDIS_PORT: u16 = 6379;
 
-/// Config for Redis services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct RedisConfig {
-    /// network address of the Redis service. Can be "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379", e.g.
-    ///
-    /// default is "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379"
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// network address of the Redis cluster service. Can be "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379,tcp://127.0.0.1:6380,tcp://127.0.0.1:6381", e.g.
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub cluster_endpoints: Option<String>,
-    /// the username to connect redis service.
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// the password for authentication
-    ///
-    /// default is None
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// the working directory of the Redis service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
-    ///
-    /// default is "/"
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// the number of DBs redis can take is unlimited
-    ///
-    /// default is db 0
-    pub db: i64,
-    /// The default ttl for put operations.
-    pub default_ttl: Option<Duration>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for RedisConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("RedisConfig");
-
-        d.field("db", &self.db.to_string());
-        d.field("root", &self.root);
-        if let Some(endpoint) = self.endpoint.clone() {
-            d.field("endpoint", &endpoint);
-        }
-        if let Some(cluster_endpoints) = self.cluster_endpoints.clone() {
-            d.field("cluster_endpoints", &cluster_endpoints);
-        }
-        if let Some(username) = self.username.clone() {
-            d.field("username", &username);
-        }
-        if self.password.is_some() {
-            d.field("password", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for RedisConfig {
     type Builder = RedisBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/redis/config.rs b/core/src/services/redis/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cfcd8bfb48ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/redis/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Config for Redis services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct RedisConfig {
+    /// network address of the Redis service. Can be "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379", e.g.
+    ///
+    /// default is "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379"
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// network address of the Redis cluster service. Can be "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379,tcp://127.0.0.1:6380,tcp://127.0.0.1:6381", e.g.
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub cluster_endpoints: Option<String>,
+    /// the username to connect redis service.
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// the password for authentication
+    ///
+    /// default is None
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// the working directory of the Redis service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
+    ///
+    /// default is "/"
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// the number of DBs redis can take is unlimited
+    ///
+    /// default is db 0
+    pub db: i64,
+    /// The default ttl for put operations.
+    pub default_ttl: Option<Duration>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for RedisConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("RedisConfig");
+
+        d.field("db", &self.db.to_string());
+        d.field("root", &self.root);
+        if let Some(endpoint) = self.endpoint.clone() {
+            d.field("endpoint", &endpoint);
+        }
+        if let Some(cluster_endpoints) = self.cluster_endpoints.clone() {
+            d.field("cluster_endpoints", &cluster_endpoints);
+        }
+        if let Some(username) = self.username.clone() {
+            d.field("username", &username);
+        }
+        if self.password.is_some() {
+            d.field("password", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/redis/mod.rs b/core/src/services/redis/mod.rs
index 68668eecfa27..a1dc12d620f8 100644
--- a/core/src/services/redis/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/redis/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-redis")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-redis")]
 pub use backend::RedisBuilder as Redis;
-pub use backend::RedisConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::RedisConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/rocksdb/backend.rs b/core/src/services/rocksdb/backend.rs
index e117b41aaee0..9a139f03d1cc 100644
--- a/core/src/services/rocksdb/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/rocksdb/backend.rs
@@ -20,28 +20,14 @@ use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use rocksdb::DB;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::task;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::RocksdbConfig;
 use crate::Result;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Rocksdb Service.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct RocksdbConfig {
-    /// The path to the rocksdb data directory.
-    pub datadir: Option<String>,
-    /// the working directory of the service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
-    ///
-    /// default is "/"
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
 impl Configurator for RocksdbConfig {
     type Builder = RocksdbBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/rocksdb/config.rs b/core/src/services/rocksdb/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..29dca941b161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/rocksdb/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+/// Config for Rocksdb Service.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct RocksdbConfig {
+    /// The path to the rocksdb data directory.
+    pub datadir: Option<String>,
+    /// the working directory of the service. Can be "/path/to/dir"
+    ///
+    /// default is "/"
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/rocksdb/mod.rs b/core/src/services/rocksdb/mod.rs
index 14ed70ac3dea..d859ce4c7ddb 100644
--- a/core/src/services/rocksdb/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/rocksdb/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-rocksdb")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-rocksdb")]
 pub use backend::RocksdbBuilder as Rocksdb;
-pub use backend::RocksdbConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::RocksdbConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/s3/backend.rs b/core/src/services/s3/backend.rs
index f124f0cea343..9206d41fd2c3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/s3/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/s3/backend.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ use reqsign::AwsCredentialLoad;
 use reqsign::AwsDefaultLoader;
 use reqsign::AwsV4Signer;
 use reqwest::Url;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -49,6 +47,7 @@ use super::lister::S3Lister;
 use super::writer::S3Writer;
 use super::writer::S3Writers;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::S3Config;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Allow constructing correct region endpoint if user gives a global endpoint.
@@ -64,169 +63,6 @@ static ENDPOINT_TEMPLATES: Lazy<HashMap<&'static str, &'static str>> = Lazy::new
 
 const DEFAULT_BATCH_MAX_OPERATIONS: usize = 1000;
 
-/// Config for Aws S3 and compatible services (including minio, digitalocean space, Tencent Cloud Object Storage(COS) and so on) support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct S3Config {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    ///
-    /// default to `/` if not set.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// bucket name of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub bucket: String,
-    /// endpoint of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Endpoint must be full uri, e.g.
-    ///
-    /// - AWS S3: `https://s3.amazonaws.com` or `https://s3.{region}.amazonaws.com`
-    /// - Cloudflare R2: `https://<ACCOUNT_ID>.r2.cloudflarestorage.com`
-    /// - Aliyun OSS: `https://{region}.aliyuncs.com`
-    /// - Tencent COS: `https://cos.{region}.myqcloud.com`
-    /// - Minio: `http://127.0.0.1:9000`
-    ///
-    /// If user inputs endpoint without scheme like "s3.amazonaws.com", we
-    /// will prepend "https://" before it.
-    ///
-    /// default to `https://s3.amazonaws.com` if not set.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Region represent the signing region of this endpoint. This is required
-    /// if you are using the default AWS S3 endpoint.
-    ///
-    /// If using a custom endpoint,
-    /// - If region is set, we will take user's input first.
-    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
-    pub region: Option<String>,
-
-    /// access_key_id of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// - If access_key_id is set, we will take user's input first.
-    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
-    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
-    /// secret_access_key of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// - If secret_access_key is set, we will take user's input first.
-    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
-    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
-    /// session_token (aka, security token) of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// This token will expire after sometime, it's recommended to set session_token
-    /// by hand.
-    pub session_token: Option<String>,
-    /// role_arn for this backend.
-    ///
-    /// If `role_arn` is set, we will use already known config as source
-    /// credential to assume role with `role_arn`.
-    pub role_arn: Option<String>,
-    /// external_id for this backend.
-    pub external_id: Option<String>,
-    /// role_session_name for this backend.
-    pub role_session_name: Option<String>,
-    /// Disable config load so that opendal will not load config from
-    /// environment.
-    ///
-    /// For examples:
-    ///
-    /// - envs like `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`
-    /// - files like `~/.aws/config`
-    pub disable_config_load: bool,
-    /// Disable load credential from ec2 metadata.
-    ///
-    /// This option is used to disable the default behavior of opendal
-    /// to load credential from ec2 metadata, a.k.a, IMDSv2
-    pub disable_ec2_metadata: bool,
-    /// Allow anonymous will allow opendal to send request without signing
-    /// when credential is not loaded.
-    pub allow_anonymous: bool,
-    /// server_side_encryption for this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Available values: `AES256`, `aws:kms`.
-    pub server_side_encryption: Option<String>,
-    /// server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id for this backend
-    ///
-    /// - If `server_side_encryption` set to `aws:kms`, and `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id`
-    ///   is not set, S3 will use aws managed kms key to encrypt data.
-    /// - If `server_side_encryption` set to `aws:kms`, and `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id`
-    ///   is a valid kms key id, S3 will use the provided kms key to encrypt data.
-    /// - If the `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id` is invalid or not found, an error will be
-    ///   returned.
-    /// - If `server_side_encryption` is not `aws:kms`, setting `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id`
-    ///   is a noop.
-    pub server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id: Option<String>,
-    /// server_side_encryption_customer_algorithm for this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Available values: `AES256`.
-    pub server_side_encryption_customer_algorithm: Option<String>,
-    /// server_side_encryption_customer_key for this backend.
-    ///
-    /// # Value
-    ///
-    /// base64 encoded key that matches algorithm specified in
-    /// `server_side_encryption_customer_algorithm`.
-    pub server_side_encryption_customer_key: Option<String>,
-    /// Set server_side_encryption_customer_key_md5 for this backend.
-    ///
-    /// # Value
-    ///
-    /// MD5 digest of key specified in `server_side_encryption_customer_key`.
-    pub server_side_encryption_customer_key_md5: Option<String>,
-    /// default storage_class for this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Available values:
-    /// - `DEEP_ARCHIVE`
-    /// - `GLACIER`
-    /// - `GLACIER_IR`
-    /// - `INTELLIGENT_TIERING`
-    /// - `ONEZONE_IA`
-    /// - `OUTPOSTS`
-    /// - `REDUCED_REDUNDANCY`
-    /// - `STANDARD`
-    /// - `STANDARD_IA`
-    ///
-    /// S3 compatible services don't support all of them
-    pub default_storage_class: Option<String>,
-    /// Enable virtual host style so that opendal will send API requests
-    /// in virtual host style instead of path style.
-    ///
-    /// - By default, opendal will send API to `https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/bucket_name`
-    /// - Enabled, opendal will send API to `https://bucket_name.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`
-    pub enable_virtual_host_style: bool,
-    /// Set maximum batch operations of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// Some compatible services have a limit on the number of operations in a batch request.
-    /// For example, R2 could return `Internal Error` while batch delete 1000 files.
-    ///
-    /// Please tune this value based on services' document.
-    pub batch_max_operations: Option<usize>,
-    /// Disable stat with override so that opendal will not send stat request with override queries.
-    ///
-    /// For example, R2 doesn't support stat with `response_content_type` query.
-    pub disable_stat_with_override: bool,
-    /// Checksum Algorithm to use when sending checksums in HTTP headers.
-    /// This is necessary when writing to AWS S3 Buckets with Object Lock enabled for example.
-    ///
-    /// Available options:
-    /// - "crc32c"
-    pub checksum_algorithm: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for S3Config {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("S3Config");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("region", &self.region);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for S3Config {
     type Builder = S3Builder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/s3/config.rs b/core/src/services/s3/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2cee50ea391d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/s3/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Aws S3 and compatible services (including minio, digitalocean space, Tencent Cloud Object Storage(COS) and so on) support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct S3Config {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    ///
+    /// default to `/` if not set.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// bucket name of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub bucket: String,
+    /// endpoint of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Endpoint must be full uri, e.g.
+    ///
+    /// - AWS S3: `https://s3.amazonaws.com` or `https://s3.{region}.amazonaws.com`
+    /// - Cloudflare R2: `https://<ACCOUNT_ID>.r2.cloudflarestorage.com`
+    /// - Aliyun OSS: `https://{region}.aliyuncs.com`
+    /// - Tencent COS: `https://cos.{region}.myqcloud.com`
+    /// - Minio: `http://127.0.0.1:9000`
+    ///
+    /// If user inputs endpoint without scheme like "s3.amazonaws.com", we
+    /// will prepend "https://" before it.
+    ///
+    /// default to `https://s3.amazonaws.com` if not set.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Region represent the signing region of this endpoint. This is required
+    /// if you are using the default AWS S3 endpoint.
+    ///
+    /// If using a custom endpoint,
+    /// - If region is set, we will take user's input first.
+    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
+    pub region: Option<String>,
+
+    /// access_key_id of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// - If access_key_id is set, we will take user's input first.
+    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    /// secret_access_key of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// - If secret_access_key is set, we will take user's input first.
+    /// - If not, we will try to load it from environment.
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
+    /// session_token (aka, security token) of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// This token will expire after sometime, it's recommended to set session_token
+    /// by hand.
+    pub session_token: Option<String>,
+    /// role_arn for this backend.
+    ///
+    /// If `role_arn` is set, we will use already known config as source
+    /// credential to assume role with `role_arn`.
+    pub role_arn: Option<String>,
+    /// external_id for this backend.
+    pub external_id: Option<String>,
+    /// role_session_name for this backend.
+    pub role_session_name: Option<String>,
+    /// Disable config load so that opendal will not load config from
+    /// environment.
+    ///
+    /// For examples:
+    ///
+    /// - envs like `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`
+    /// - files like `~/.aws/config`
+    pub disable_config_load: bool,
+    /// Disable load credential from ec2 metadata.
+    ///
+    /// This option is used to disable the default behavior of opendal
+    /// to load credential from ec2 metadata, a.k.a, IMDSv2
+    pub disable_ec2_metadata: bool,
+    /// Allow anonymous will allow opendal to send request without signing
+    /// when credential is not loaded.
+    pub allow_anonymous: bool,
+    /// server_side_encryption for this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Available values: `AES256`, `aws:kms`.
+    pub server_side_encryption: Option<String>,
+    /// server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id for this backend
+    ///
+    /// - If `server_side_encryption` set to `aws:kms`, and `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id`
+    ///   is not set, S3 will use aws managed kms key to encrypt data.
+    /// - If `server_side_encryption` set to `aws:kms`, and `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id`
+    ///   is a valid kms key id, S3 will use the provided kms key to encrypt data.
+    /// - If the `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id` is invalid or not found, an error will be
+    ///   returned.
+    /// - If `server_side_encryption` is not `aws:kms`, setting `server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id`
+    ///   is a noop.
+    pub server_side_encryption_aws_kms_key_id: Option<String>,
+    /// server_side_encryption_customer_algorithm for this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Available values: `AES256`.
+    pub server_side_encryption_customer_algorithm: Option<String>,
+    /// server_side_encryption_customer_key for this backend.
+    ///
+    /// # Value
+    ///
+    /// base64 encoded key that matches algorithm specified in
+    /// `server_side_encryption_customer_algorithm`.
+    pub server_side_encryption_customer_key: Option<String>,
+    /// Set server_side_encryption_customer_key_md5 for this backend.
+    ///
+    /// # Value
+    ///
+    /// MD5 digest of key specified in `server_side_encryption_customer_key`.
+    pub server_side_encryption_customer_key_md5: Option<String>,
+    /// default storage_class for this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Available values:
+    /// - `DEEP_ARCHIVE`
+    /// - `GLACIER`
+    /// - `GLACIER_IR`
+    /// - `INTELLIGENT_TIERING`
+    /// - `ONEZONE_IA`
+    /// - `OUTPOSTS`
+    /// - `REDUCED_REDUNDANCY`
+    /// - `STANDARD`
+    /// - `STANDARD_IA`
+    ///
+    /// S3 compatible services don't support all of them
+    pub default_storage_class: Option<String>,
+    /// Enable virtual host style so that opendal will send API requests
+    /// in virtual host style instead of path style.
+    ///
+    /// - By default, opendal will send API to `https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/bucket_name`
+    /// - Enabled, opendal will send API to `https://bucket_name.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`
+    pub enable_virtual_host_style: bool,
+    /// Set maximum batch operations of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// Some compatible services have a limit on the number of operations in a batch request.
+    /// For example, R2 could return `Internal Error` while batch delete 1000 files.
+    ///
+    /// Please tune this value based on services' document.
+    pub batch_max_operations: Option<usize>,
+    /// Disable stat with override so that opendal will not send stat request with override queries.
+    ///
+    /// For example, R2 doesn't support stat with `response_content_type` query.
+    pub disable_stat_with_override: bool,
+    /// Checksum Algorithm to use when sending checksums in HTTP headers.
+    /// This is necessary when writing to AWS S3 Buckets with Object Lock enabled for example.
+    ///
+    /// Available options:
+    /// - "crc32c"
+    pub checksum_algorithm: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for S3Config {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("S3Config");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/s3/mod.rs b/core/src/services/s3/mod.rs
index 4e2f283cb215..b4161a9d66b2 100644
--- a/core/src/services/s3/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/s3/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::S3Builder as S3;
-pub use backend::S3Config;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-s3")]
+pub use backend::S3Builder as S3;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::S3Config;
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs
index 10b71a1fbe76..29029b6b23bd 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
 use super::core::parse_dir_detail;
@@ -35,42 +33,9 @@ use super::lister::SeafileLister;
 use super::writer::SeafileWriter;
 use super::writer::SeafileWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::SeafileConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for seafile services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SeafileConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// endpoint address of this backend.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// username of this backend.
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// password of this backend.
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// repo_name of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// required.
-    pub repo_name: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for SeafileConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("SeafileConfig");
-
-        d.field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("username", &self.username)
-            .field("repo_name", &self.repo_name);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SeafileConfig {
     type Builder = SeafileBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/config.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7be10fb91e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for seafile services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SeafileConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// endpoint address of this backend.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// username of this backend.
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// password of this backend.
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// repo_name of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// required.
+    pub repo_name: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for SeafileConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("SeafileConfig");
+
+        d.field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field("repo_name", &self.repo_name);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/mod.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/mod.rs
index dc9e1ccce078..4ba76b05b7d5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::SeafileBuilder as Seafile;
-pub use backend::SeafileConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-seafile")]
+pub use backend::SeafileBuilder as Seafile;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SeafileConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/sftp/backend.rs b/core/src/services/sftp/backend.rs
index 637164e68964..0d915572abfb 100644
--- a/core/src/services/sftp/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/sftp/backend.rs
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ use openssh::KnownHosts;
 use openssh::SessionBuilder;
 use openssh_sftp_client::Sftp;
 use openssh_sftp_client::SftpOptions;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::io::AsyncSeekExt;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
@@ -42,36 +40,9 @@ use super::lister::SftpLister;
 use super::reader::SftpReader;
 use super::writer::SftpWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::SftpConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Sftp Service support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SftpConfig {
-    /// endpoint of this backend
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// root of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// user of this backend
-    pub user: Option<String>,
-    /// key of this backend
-    pub key: Option<String>,
-    /// known_hosts_strategy of this backend
-    pub known_hosts_strategy: Option<String>,
-    /// enable_copy of this backend
-    pub enable_copy: bool,
-}
-
-impl Debug for SftpConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("SftpConfig")
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SftpConfig {
     type Builder = SftpBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/sftp/config.rs b/core/src/services/sftp/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b3187bf3eaf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/sftp/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Sftp Service support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SftpConfig {
+    /// endpoint of this backend
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// root of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// user of this backend
+    pub user: Option<String>,
+    /// key of this backend
+    pub key: Option<String>,
+    /// known_hosts_strategy of this backend
+    pub known_hosts_strategy: Option<String>,
+    /// enable_copy of this backend
+    pub enable_copy: bool,
+}
+
+impl Debug for SftpConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("SftpConfig")
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/sftp/mod.rs b/core/src/services/sftp/mod.rs
index 001898171b0f..b17c0e0007bb 100644
--- a/core/src/services/sftp/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/sftp/mod.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,21 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-pub use backend::SftpBuilder as Sftp;
-pub use backend::SftpConfig;
-
-mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
 mod reader;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
 mod utils;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sftp")]
+pub use backend::SftpBuilder as Sftp;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SftpConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/sled/backend.rs b/core/src/services/sled/backend.rs
index b100c4e6877b..bb3a81f441a6 100644
--- a/core/src/services/sled/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/sled/backend.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::str;
 
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::task;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::SledConfig;
 use crate::Builder;
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
@@ -34,29 +33,6 @@ use crate::*;
 // https://github.com/spacejam/sled/blob/69294e59c718289ab3cb6bd03ac3b9e1e072a1e7/src/db.rs#L5
 const DEFAULT_TREE_ID: &str = r#"__sled__default"#;
 
-/// Config for Sled services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SledConfig {
-    /// That path to the sled data directory.
-    pub datadir: Option<String>,
-    /// The root for sled.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The tree for sled.
-    pub tree: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for SledConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("SledConfig")
-            .field("datadir", &self.datadir)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("tree", &self.tree)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SledConfig {
     type Builder = SledBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/sled/config.rs b/core/src/services/sled/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d5e1f73e340e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/sled/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Sled services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SledConfig {
+    /// That path to the sled data directory.
+    pub datadir: Option<String>,
+    /// The root for sled.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The tree for sled.
+    pub tree: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for SledConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("SledConfig")
+            .field("datadir", &self.datadir)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("tree", &self.tree)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/sled/mod.rs b/core/src/services/sled/mod.rs
index af28a3e9b2d0..f8771b65f39c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/sled/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/sled/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sled")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sled")]
 pub use backend::SledBuilder as Sled;
-pub use backend::SledConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SledConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/sqlite/backend.rs b/core/src/services/sqlite/backend.rs
index 4e9538509cb4..de5b77aed60e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/sqlite/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/sqlite/backend.rs
@@ -20,62 +20,13 @@ use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
 use rusqlite::params;
 use rusqlite::Connection;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::task;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::SqliteConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Sqlite support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SqliteConfig {
-    /// Set the connection_string of the sqlite service.
-    ///
-    /// This connection string is used to connect to the sqlite service. There are url based formats:
-    ///
-    /// ## Url
-    ///
-    /// This format resembles the url format of the sqlite client. The format is: `file://[path]?flag`
-    ///
-    /// - `file://data.db`
-    ///
-    /// For more information, please refer to [Opening A New Database Connection](http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html)
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Set the table name of the sqlite service to read/write.
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the key field name of the sqlite service to read/write.
-    ///
-    /// Default to `key` if not specified.
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// Set the value field name of the sqlite service to read/write.
-    ///
-    /// Default to `value` if not specified.
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-    /// set the working directory, all operations will be performed under it.
-    ///
-    /// default: "/"
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for SqliteConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("SqliteConfig");
-
-        d.field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
-            .field("table", &self.table)
-            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
-            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
-            .field("root", &self.root);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SqliteConfig {
     type Builder = SqliteBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/sqlite/config.rs b/core/src/services/sqlite/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55b2fd35eb40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/sqlite/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Sqlite support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SqliteConfig {
+    /// Set the connection_string of the sqlite service.
+    ///
+    /// This connection string is used to connect to the sqlite service. There are url based formats:
+    ///
+    /// ## Url
+    ///
+    /// This format resembles the url format of the sqlite client. The format is: `file://[path]?flag`
+    ///
+    /// - `file://data.db`
+    ///
+    /// For more information, please refer to [Opening A New Database Connection](http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html)
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Set the table name of the sqlite service to read/write.
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the key field name of the sqlite service to read/write.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `key` if not specified.
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// Set the value field name of the sqlite service to read/write.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `value` if not specified.
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+    /// set the working directory, all operations will be performed under it.
+    ///
+    /// default: "/"
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for SqliteConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("SqliteConfig");
+
+        d.field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
+            .field("table", &self.table)
+            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
+            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
+            .field("root", &self.root);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/sqlite/mod.rs b/core/src/services/sqlite/mod.rs
index d18accf80018..32dfb9177f53 100644
--- a/core/src/services/sqlite/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/sqlite/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sqlite")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-sqlite")]
 pub use backend::SqliteBuilder as Sqlite;
-pub use backend::SqliteConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SqliteConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs b/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs
index 773ffb381a5f..cc6897fdfae2 100644
--- a/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs
@@ -22,39 +22,14 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::writer::*;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::SupabaseConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for supabase service support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SupabaseConfig {
-    root: Option<String>,
-    bucket: String,
-    endpoint: Option<String>,
-    key: Option<String>,
-    // TODO(1) optional public, currently true always
-    // TODO(2) optional file_size_limit, currently 0
-    // TODO(3) optional allowed_mime_types, currently only string
-}
-
-impl Debug for SupabaseConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("SupabaseConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SupabaseConfig {
     type Builder = SupabaseBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/supabase/config.rs b/core/src/services/supabase/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d5d2d671efb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/supabase/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for supabase service support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SupabaseConfig {
+    /// The root for supabase service.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The bucket for supabase service.
+    pub bucket: String,
+    /// The endpoint for supabase service.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// The key for supabase service.
+    pub key: Option<String>,
+    // TODO(1) optional public, currently true always
+    // TODO(2) optional file_size_limit, currently 0
+    // TODO(3) optional allowed_mime_types, currently only string
+}
+
+impl Debug for SupabaseConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("SupabaseConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/supabase/mod.rs b/core/src/services/supabase/mod.rs
index af59bfcc57f6..4b485a2f10c4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/supabase/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/supabase/mod.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,17 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::SupabaseBuilder as Supabase;
-pub use backend::SupabaseConfig;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-supabase")]
+pub use backend::SupabaseBuilder as Supabase;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SupabaseConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/surrealdb/backend.rs b/core/src/services/surrealdb/backend.rs
index b1129b40366e..4ddbd3ffb7b7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/surrealdb/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/surrealdb/backend.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use surrealdb::engine::any::Any;
 use surrealdb::opt::auth::Database;
 use surrealdb::Surreal;
@@ -29,50 +27,9 @@ use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::normalize_root;
 use crate::raw::Access;
+use crate::services::SurrealdbConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Surrealdb services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SurrealdbConfig {
-    /// The connection string for surrealdb.
-    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
-    /// The username for surrealdb.
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// The password for surrealdb.
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// The namespace for surrealdb.
-    pub namespace: Option<String>,
-    /// The database for surrealdb.
-    pub database: Option<String>,
-    /// The table for surrealdb.
-    pub table: Option<String>,
-    /// The key field for surrealdb.
-    pub key_field: Option<String>,
-    /// The value field for surrealdb.
-    pub value_field: Option<String>,
-    /// The root for surrealdb.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for SurrealdbConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("SurrealdbConfig");
-
-        d.field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
-            .field("username", &self.username)
-            .field("password", &"<redacted>")
-            .field("namespace", &self.namespace)
-            .field("database", &self.database)
-            .field("table", &self.table)
-            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
-            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SurrealdbConfig {
     type Builder = SurrealdbBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/surrealdb/config.rs b/core/src/services/surrealdb/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb1c48f2ff2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/surrealdb/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Surrealdb services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SurrealdbConfig {
+    /// The connection string for surrealdb.
+    pub connection_string: Option<String>,
+    /// The username for surrealdb.
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// The password for surrealdb.
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// The namespace for surrealdb.
+    pub namespace: Option<String>,
+    /// The database for surrealdb.
+    pub database: Option<String>,
+    /// The table for surrealdb.
+    pub table: Option<String>,
+    /// The key field for surrealdb.
+    pub key_field: Option<String>,
+    /// The value field for surrealdb.
+    pub value_field: Option<String>,
+    /// The root for surrealdb.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for SurrealdbConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("SurrealdbConfig");
+
+        d.field("connection_string", &self.connection_string)
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field("password", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("namespace", &self.namespace)
+            .field("database", &self.database)
+            .field("table", &self.table)
+            .field("key_field", &self.key_field)
+            .field("value_field", &self.value_field)
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/surrealdb/mod.rs b/core/src/services/surrealdb/mod.rs
index 0f5d19b38f0b..40cabaf71d9d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/surrealdb/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/surrealdb/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-surrealdb")]
 mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-surrealdb")]
 pub use backend::SurrealdbBuilder as Surrealdb;
-pub use backend::SurrealdbConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SurrealdbConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs b/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs
index 89a1f83d1993..3056567bf0a5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs
@@ -22,47 +22,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::lister::SwiftLister;
 use super::writer::SwiftWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::SwiftConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for OpenStack Swift support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct SwiftConfig {
-    /// The endpoint for Swift.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// The container for Swift.
-    pub container: Option<String>,
-    /// The root for Swift.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// The token for Swift.
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for SwiftConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("SwiftConfig");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
-        ds.field("container", &self.container);
-
-        if self.token.is_some() {
-            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
-        }
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for SwiftConfig {
     type Builder = SwiftBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/config.rs b/core/src/services/swift/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..62ad1d64a5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for OpenStack Swift support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct SwiftConfig {
+    /// The endpoint for Swift.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// The container for Swift.
+    pub container: Option<String>,
+    /// The root for Swift.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// The token for Swift.
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for SwiftConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("SwiftConfig");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+        ds.field("container", &self.container);
+
+        if self.token.is_some() {
+            ds.field("token", &"<redacted>");
+        }
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/mod.rs b/core/src/services/swift/mod.rs
index e15b8efd02ed..451ca66231e6 100644
--- a/core/src/services/swift/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::SwiftBuilder as Swift;
-pub use backend::SwiftConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-swift")]
+pub use backend::SwiftBuilder as Swift;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::SwiftConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/tikv/backend.rs b/core/src/services/tikv/backend.rs
index cb113e956ee4..6f23f156ee70 100644
--- a/core/src/services/tikv/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/tikv/backend.rs
@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tikv_client::Config;
 use tikv_client::RawClient;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
 use crate::raw::Access;
+use crate::services::TikvConfig;
 use crate::Builder;
 use crate::Capability;
 use crate::Error;
@@ -33,36 +32,6 @@ use crate::ErrorKind;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Tikv services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct TikvConfig {
-    /// network address of the TiKV service.
-    pub endpoints: Option<Vec<String>>,
-    /// whether using insecure connection to TiKV
-    pub insecure: bool,
-    /// certificate authority file path
-    pub ca_path: Option<String>,
-    /// cert path
-    pub cert_path: Option<String>,
-    /// key path
-    pub key_path: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for TikvConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("TikvConfig");
-
-        d.field("endpoints", &self.endpoints)
-            .field("insecure", &self.insecure)
-            .field("ca_path", &self.ca_path)
-            .field("cert_path", &self.cert_path)
-            .field("key_path", &self.key_path)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for TikvConfig {
     type Builder = TikvBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/tikv/config.rs b/core/src/services/tikv/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81a5eb5e3a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/tikv/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Tikv services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct TikvConfig {
+    /// network address of the TiKV service.
+    pub endpoints: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// whether using insecure connection to TiKV
+    pub insecure: bool,
+    /// certificate authority file path
+    pub ca_path: Option<String>,
+    /// cert path
+    pub cert_path: Option<String>,
+    /// key path
+    pub key_path: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for TikvConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("TikvConfig");
+
+        d.field("endpoints", &self.endpoints)
+            .field("insecure", &self.insecure)
+            .field("ca_path", &self.ca_path)
+            .field("cert_path", &self.cert_path)
+            .field("key_path", &self.key_path)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/tikv/mod.rs b/core/src/services/tikv/mod.rs
index ae9c15bd68c1..36bf76344403 100644
--- a/core/src/services/tikv/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/tikv/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-tikv")]
 mod backend;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-tikv")]
 pub use backend::TikvBuilder as Tikv;
-pub use backend::TikvConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::TikvConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs
index 1a9c4e03575b..ed96d1092f6e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -31,37 +29,9 @@ use super::lister::UpyunLister;
 use super::writer::UpyunWriter;
 use super::writer::UpyunWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::UpyunConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for upyun services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct UpyunConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// bucket address of this backend.
-    pub bucket: String,
-    /// username of this backend.
-    pub operator: Option<String>,
-    /// password of this backend.
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for UpyunConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-        ds.field("bucket", &self.bucket);
-        ds.field("operator", &self.operator);
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for UpyunConfig {
     type Builder = UpyunBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/config.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5d45af6c349f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for upyun services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct UpyunConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// bucket address of this backend.
+    pub bucket: String,
+    /// username of this backend.
+    pub operator: Option<String>,
+    /// password of this backend.
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for UpyunConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("bucket", &self.bucket);
+        ds.field("operator", &self.operator);
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/mod.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/mod.rs
index 039f2aa22944..ca78feea823d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/upyun/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::UpyunBuilder as Upyun;
-pub use backend::UpyunConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-upyun")]
+pub use backend::UpyunBuilder as Upyun;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::UpyunConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/builder.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/builder.rs
index 8618e49ed268..8ccd9591e77f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/builder.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/builder.rs
@@ -18,32 +18,13 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
-
 use super::backend::VercelArtifactsBackend;
 use crate::raw::Access;
 use crate::raw::HttpClient;
+use crate::services::VercelArtifactsConfig;
 use crate::Scheme;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for Vercel Cache support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct VercelArtifactsConfig {
-    /// The access token for Vercel.
-    pub access_token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for VercelArtifactsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("VercelArtifactsConfig")
-            .field("access_token", &"<redacted>")
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for VercelArtifactsConfig {
     type Builder = VercelArtifactsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/config.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..863cdf175c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for Vercel Cache support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct VercelArtifactsConfig {
+    /// The access token for Vercel.
+    pub access_token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for VercelArtifactsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("VercelArtifactsConfig")
+            .field("access_token", &"<redacted>")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/mod.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/mod.rs
index eac0f6e43a7f..2dd496cdb3dd 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/mod.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,17 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
 mod backend;
-mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
 mod writer;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
+mod builder;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-artifacts")]
 pub use builder::VercelArtifactsBuilder as VercelArtifacts;
-pub use builder::VercelArtifactsConfig;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::VercelArtifactsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs
index fb308b516f90..35fdfdbcd1a5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::parse_blob;
 use super::core::Blob;
@@ -34,31 +32,9 @@ use super::lister::VercelBlobLister;
 use super::writer::VercelBlobWriter;
 use super::writer::VercelBlobWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::VercelBlobConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for VercelBlob services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct VercelBlobConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// vercel blob token.
-    pub token: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for VercelBlobConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for VercelBlobConfig {
     type Builder = VercelBlobBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/config.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..241ee039e6a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for VercelBlob services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct VercelBlobConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// vercel blob token.
+    pub token: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for VercelBlobConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/mod.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/mod.rs
index 2804d3fe7357..fa27ef304a78 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::VercelBlobBuilder as VercelBlob;
-pub use backend::VercelBlobConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-vercel-blob")]
+pub use backend::VercelBlobBuilder as VercelBlob;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::VercelBlobConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs
index 94c303736241..e6f3b838b3f4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs
@@ -23,47 +23,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
 use super::lister::WebdavLister;
 use super::writer::WebdavWriter;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::WebdavConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for [WebDAV](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4918) backend support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct WebdavConfig {
-    /// endpoint of this backend
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// username of this backend
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// password of this backend
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-    /// token of this backend
-    pub token: Option<String>,
-    /// root of this backend
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// WebDAV Service doesn't support copy.
-    pub disable_copy: bool,
-}
-
-impl Debug for WebdavConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut d = f.debug_struct("WebdavConfig");
-
-        d.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("username", &self.username)
-            .field("root", &self.root);
-
-        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for WebdavConfig {
     type Builder = WebdavBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/config.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..95688c9a1666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for [WebDAV](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4918) backend support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct WebdavConfig {
+    /// endpoint of this backend
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// username of this backend
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    /// password of this backend
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    /// token of this backend
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+    /// root of this backend
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// WebDAV Service doesn't support copy.
+    pub disable_copy: bool,
+}
+
+impl Debug for WebdavConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut d = f.debug_struct("WebdavConfig");
+
+        d.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field("root", &self.root);
+
+        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/mod.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/mod.rs
index 1e18871a98c8..721f192613ee 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::WebdavBuilder as Webdav;
-pub use backend::WebdavConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webdav")]
+pub use backend::WebdavBuilder as Webdav;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::WebdavConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs
index 0354f3659d4d..865eb14ed606 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
 
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -38,37 +37,11 @@ use super::message::FileStatusWrapper;
 use super::writer::WebhdfsWriter;
 use super::writer::WebhdfsWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::WebhdfsConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
 const WEBHDFS_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT: &str = "http://127.0.0.1:9870";
 
-/// Config for WebHDFS support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct WebhdfsConfig {
-    /// Root for webhdfs.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// Endpoint for webhdfs.
-    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
-    /// Delegation token for webhdfs.
-    pub delegation: Option<String>,
-    /// Disable batch listing
-    pub disable_list_batch: bool,
-    /// atomic_write_dir of this backend
-    pub atomic_write_dir: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Debug for WebhdfsConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("WebhdfsConfig")
-            .field("root", &self.root)
-            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
-            .field("atomic_write_dir", &self.atomic_write_dir)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for WebhdfsConfig {
     type Builder = WebhdfsBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/config.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6e7d8231303a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for WebHDFS support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct WebhdfsConfig {
+    /// Root for webhdfs.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// Endpoint for webhdfs.
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    /// Delegation token for webhdfs.
+    pub delegation: Option<String>,
+    /// Disable batch listing
+    pub disable_list_batch: bool,
+    /// atomic_write_dir of this backend
+    pub atomic_write_dir: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for WebhdfsConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("WebhdfsConfig")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("atomic_write_dir", &self.atomic_write_dir)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/mod.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/mod.rs
index 30dda8b28f23..dc0e3faf851f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webhdfs/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::WebhdfsBuilder as Webhdfs;
-pub use backend::WebhdfsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
 mod message;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-webhdfs")]
+pub use backend::WebhdfsBuilder as Webhdfs;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::WebhdfsConfig;
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs
index cbcbc7bca898..7b989fb9ad76 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ use http::Request;
 use http::Response;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use log::debug;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::core::*;
 use super::error::parse_error;
@@ -34,31 +32,9 @@ use super::lister::YandexDiskLister;
 use super::writer::YandexDiskWriter;
 use super::writer::YandexDiskWriters;
 use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::services::YandexDiskConfig;
 use crate::*;
 
-/// Config for YandexDisk services support.
-#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub struct YandexDiskConfig {
-    /// root of this backend.
-    ///
-    /// All operations will happen under this root.
-    pub root: Option<String>,
-    /// yandex disk oauth access_token.
-    pub access_token: String,
-}
-
-impl Debug for YandexDiskConfig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
-
-        ds.field("root", &self.root);
-
-        ds.finish()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Configurator for YandexDiskConfig {
     type Builder = YandexDiskBuilder;
     fn into_builder(self) -> Self::Builder {
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/config.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59cedb5e1a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+
+/// Config for YandexDisk services support.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct YandexDiskConfig {
+    /// root of this backend.
+    ///
+    /// All operations will happen under this root.
+    pub root: Option<String>,
+    /// yandex disk oauth access_token.
+    pub access_token: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for YandexDiskConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Config");
+
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/mod.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/mod.rs
index e2f2aff44888..bae1f563650c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/mod.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-mod backend;
-pub use backend::YandexDiskBuilder as YandexDisk;
-pub use backend::YandexDiskConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
 mod core;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
 mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
 mod lister;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
 mod writer;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
+mod backend;
+#[cfg(feature = "services-yandex-disk")]
+pub use backend::YandexDiskBuilder as YandexDisk;
+
+mod config;
+pub use config::YandexDiskConfig;