Deploying a Node.js application involves several steps to ensure that the application runs smoothly in a production environment. This guide covers essential deployment practices, focusing on using PM2 for process management and Docker for containerization.
PM2 is a popular process manager for Node.js applications that provides features like automatic restarts, load balancing, and monitoring.
npm install pm2 -g
pm2 start app.js --name my-app
This command starts your Node.js application with PM2, which will automatically restart it if the application crashes.
pm2 status
pm2 monit
These commands display the status of your application and provide a dashboard for monitoring runtime metrics.
Docker provides a standardized environment for your application, ensuring it works uniformly across different development and staging environments.
Create a Dockerfile
in your Node.js application directory:
# Use the official Node.js 14 image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/node
FROM node:14
# Create and change to the app directory.
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
# Copy application dependency manifests to the container image.
# A wildcard is used to ensure both package.json AND package-lock.json are copied.
# Copying this separately prevents re-running npm install on every code change.
COPY package*.json ./
# Install production dependencies.
RUN npm install --only=production
# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY . .
# Bind the port that the image will run on
EXPOSE 8080
# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD [ "node", "app.js" ]
docker build -t my-node-app .
docker run -p 8080:8080 my-node-app
This will build your Docker image and run it, exposing the application on port 8080.
- Environment Variables: Use environment variables to manage configuration and secrets, avoiding hard-coded values.
- Logging: Implement comprehensive logging to help diagnose issues after deployment. Consider a cloud-based logging solution for scalability.
- Security: Ensure that your Node.js environment is up to date with the latest security patches. Use tools like
npm audit
to detect and resolve vulnerabilities.
Deploying Node.js applications can vary based on the environment and specific requirements of the project. Using tools like PM2 and Docker can greatly simplify the process and increase the robustness of your application. Always ensure to test your deployment process thoroughly in a staging environment before going live.
For more detailed guidelines on deploying Node.js applications, refer to the official Node.js deployment guide.