diff --git a/guide/src/conversions/tables.md b/guide/src/conversions/tables.md
index 208e61671ec..8afb95fbfb3 100644
--- a/guide/src/conversions/tables.md
+++ b/guide/src/conversions/tables.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The table below contains the Python type and the corresponding function argument
 | `str`         | `String`, `Cow<str>`, `&str`, `char`, `OsString`, `PathBuf`, `Path` | `PyString`, `PyUnicode` |
 | `bytes`       | `Vec<u8>`, `&[u8]`, `Cow<[u8]>` | `PyBytes`           |
 | `bool`        | `bool`                          | `PyBool`            |
-| `int`         | `i8`, `u8`, `i16`, `u16`, `i32`, `u32`, `i64`, `u64`, `i128`, `u128`, `isize`, `usize`, `num_bigint::BigInt`[^1], `num_bigint::BigUint`[^1] | `PyLong` |
+| `int`         | `i8`, `u8`, `i16`, `u16`, `i32`, `u32`, `i64`, `u64`, `i128`, `u128`, `isize`, `usize`, `num_bigint::BigInt`[^1], `num_bigint::BigUint`[^1] | `PyInt` |
 | `float`       | `f32`, `f64`                    | `PyFloat`           |
 | `complex`     | `num_complex::Complex`[^2]      | `PyComplex`         |
 | `fractions.Fraction`| `num_rational::Ratio`[^8] | -         |
diff --git a/newsfragments/4347.changed.md b/newsfragments/4347.changed.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e64ad2c6395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/4347.changed.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Deprecate `PyLong` in favor of `PyInt`.
diff --git a/src/conversions/num_bigint.rs b/src/conversions/num_bigint.rs
index 196ae28e788..99b5962622d 100644
--- a/src/conversions/num_bigint.rs
+++ b/src/conversions/num_bigint.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ use crate::types::{bytes::PyBytesMethods, PyBytes};
 use crate::{
     ffi,
     instance::Bound,
-    types::{any::PyAnyMethods, PyLong},
+    types::{any::PyAnyMethods, PyInt},
     FromPyObject, IntoPy, Py, PyAny, PyObject, PyResult, Python, ToPyObject,
 };
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ macro_rules! bigint_conversion {
                 } else {
                     None
                 };
-                py.get_type_bound::<PyLong>()
+                py.get_type_bound::<PyInt>()
                     .call_method("from_bytes", (bytes_obj, "little"), kwargs.as_ref())
                     .expect("int.from_bytes() failed during to_object()") // FIXME: #1813 or similar
                     .into()
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for BigInt {
     fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<BigInt> {
         let py = ob.py();
         // fast path - checking for subclass of `int` just checks a bit in the type object
-        let num_owned: Py<PyLong>;
-        let num = if let Ok(long) = ob.downcast::<PyLong>() {
+        let num_owned: Py<PyInt>;
+        let num = if let Ok(long) = ob.downcast::<PyInt>() {
             long
         } else {
             num_owned = unsafe { Py::from_owned_ptr_or_err(py, ffi::PyNumber_Index(ob.as_ptr()))? };
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for BigUint {
     fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<BigUint> {
         let py = ob.py();
         // fast path - checking for subclass of `int` just checks a bit in the type object
-        let num_owned: Py<PyLong>;
-        let num = if let Ok(long) = ob.downcast::<PyLong>() {
+        let num_owned: Py<PyInt>;
+        let num = if let Ok(long) = ob.downcast::<PyInt>() {
             long
         } else {
             num_owned = unsafe { Py::from_owned_ptr_or_err(py, ffi::PyNumber_Index(ob.as_ptr()))? };
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for BigUint {
 
 #[cfg(not(any(Py_LIMITED_API, Py_3_13)))]
 #[inline]
-fn int_to_u32_vec<const SIGNED: bool>(long: &Bound<'_, PyLong>) -> PyResult<Vec<u32>> {
+fn int_to_u32_vec<const SIGNED: bool>(long: &Bound<'_, PyInt>) -> PyResult<Vec<u32>> {
     let mut buffer = Vec::new();
     let n_bits = int_n_bits(long)?;
     if n_bits == 0 {
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ fn int_to_u32_vec<const SIGNED: bool>(long: &Bound<'_, PyLong>) -> PyResult<Vec<
 
 #[cfg(all(not(Py_LIMITED_API), Py_3_13))]
 #[inline]
-fn int_to_u32_vec<const SIGNED: bool>(long: &Bound<'_, PyLong>) -> PyResult<Vec<u32>> {
+fn int_to_u32_vec<const SIGNED: bool>(long: &Bound<'_, PyInt>) -> PyResult<Vec<u32>> {
     let mut buffer = Vec::new();
     let mut flags = ffi::Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
     if !SIGNED {
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ fn int_to_u32_vec<const SIGNED: bool>(long: &Bound<'_, PyLong>) -> PyResult<Vec<
 
 #[cfg(Py_LIMITED_API)]
 fn int_to_py_bytes<'py>(
-    long: &Bound<'py, PyLong>,
+    long: &Bound<'py, PyInt>,
     n_bytes: usize,
     is_signed: bool,
 ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ fn int_to_py_bytes<'py>(
 
 #[inline]
 #[cfg(any(not(Py_3_13), Py_LIMITED_API))]
-fn int_n_bits(long: &Bound<'_, PyLong>) -> PyResult<usize> {
+fn int_n_bits(long: &Bound<'_, PyInt>) -> PyResult<usize> {
     let py = long.py();
     #[cfg(not(Py_LIMITED_API))]
     {
diff --git a/src/conversions/std/num.rs b/src/conversions/std/num.rs
index 1304e73e4b6..1431b232169 100644
--- a/src/conversions/std/num.rs
+++ b/src/conversions/std/num.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ macro_rules! extract_int {
         // See https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/pull/3742 for detials
         if cfg!(Py_3_10) && !$force_index_call {
             err_if_invalid_value($obj.py(), $error_val, unsafe { $pylong_as($obj.as_ptr()) })
-        } else if let Ok(long) = $obj.downcast::<crate::types::PyLong>() {
+        } else if let Ok(long) = $obj.downcast::<crate::types::PyInt>() {
             // fast path - checking for subclass of `int` just checks a bit in the type $object
             err_if_invalid_value($obj.py(), $error_val, unsafe { $pylong_as(long.as_ptr()) })
         } else {
diff --git a/src/types/any.rs b/src/types/any.rs
index 745847b86ee..33ac04df763 100644
--- a/src/types/any.rs
+++ b/src/types/any.rs
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ pub trait PyAnyMethods<'py>: crate::sealed::Sealed {
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// use pyo3::prelude::*;
-    /// use pyo3::types::{PyBool, PyLong};
+    /// use pyo3::types::{PyBool, PyInt};
     ///
     /// Python::with_gil(|py| {
     ///     let b = PyBool::new_bound(py, true);
@@ -1504,8 +1504,8 @@ pub trait PyAnyMethods<'py>: crate::sealed::Sealed {
     ///
     ///     // `bool` is a subtype of `int`, so `downcast` will accept a `bool` as an `int`
     ///     // but `downcast_exact` will not.
-    ///     assert!(any.downcast::<PyLong>().is_ok());
-    ///     assert!(any.downcast_exact::<PyLong>().is_err());
+    ///     assert!(any.downcast::<PyInt>().is_ok());
+    ///     assert!(any.downcast_exact::<PyInt>().is_err());
     ///
     ///     assert!(any.downcast_exact::<PyBool>().is_ok());
     /// });
@@ -2269,7 +2269,7 @@ impl<'py> Bound<'py, PyAny> {
 mod tests {
     use crate::{
         basic::CompareOp,
-        types::{IntoPyDict, PyAny, PyAnyMethods, PyBool, PyList, PyLong, PyModule, PyTypeMethods},
+        types::{IntoPyDict, PyAny, PyAnyMethods, PyBool, PyInt, PyList, PyModule, PyTypeMethods},
         Bound, PyTypeInfo, Python, ToPyObject,
     };
 
@@ -2424,7 +2424,7 @@ class SimpleClass:
     fn test_hasattr() {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let x = 5.to_object(py).into_bound(py);
-            assert!(x.is_instance_of::<PyLong>());
+            assert!(x.is_instance_of::<PyInt>());
 
             assert!(x.hasattr("to_bytes").unwrap());
             assert!(!x.hasattr("bbbbbbytes").unwrap());
@@ -2471,7 +2471,7 @@ class SimpleClass:
     fn test_any_is_instance_of() {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let x = 5.to_object(py).into_bound(py);
-            assert!(x.is_instance_of::<PyLong>());
+            assert!(x.is_instance_of::<PyInt>());
 
             let l = vec![&x, &x].to_object(py).into_bound(py);
             assert!(l.is_instance_of::<PyList>());
@@ -2490,11 +2490,11 @@ class SimpleClass:
     fn test_any_is_exact_instance_of() {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let x = 5.to_object(py).into_bound(py);
-            assert!(x.is_exact_instance_of::<PyLong>());
+            assert!(x.is_exact_instance_of::<PyInt>());
 
             let t = PyBool::new_bound(py, true);
-            assert!(t.is_instance_of::<PyLong>());
-            assert!(!t.is_exact_instance_of::<PyLong>());
+            assert!(t.is_instance_of::<PyInt>());
+            assert!(!t.is_exact_instance_of::<PyInt>());
             assert!(t.is_exact_instance_of::<PyBool>());
 
             let l = vec![&x, &x].to_object(py).into_bound(py);
@@ -2506,8 +2506,8 @@ class SimpleClass:
     fn test_any_is_exact_instance() {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let t = PyBool::new_bound(py, true);
-            assert!(t.is_instance(&py.get_type_bound::<PyLong>()).unwrap());
-            assert!(!t.is_exact_instance(&py.get_type_bound::<PyLong>()));
+            assert!(t.is_instance(&py.get_type_bound::<PyInt>()).unwrap());
+            assert!(!t.is_exact_instance(&py.get_type_bound::<PyInt>()));
             assert!(t.is_exact_instance(&py.get_type_bound::<PyBool>()));
         });
     }
diff --git a/src/types/mod.rs b/src/types/mod.rs
index 2326fc5b8ef..0ca0eec66f2 100644
--- a/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ pub use self::memoryview::PyMemoryView;
 pub use self::module::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods};
 pub use self::none::PyNone;
 pub use self::notimplemented::PyNotImplemented;
-pub use self::num::PyLong;
-pub use self::num::PyLong as PyInt;
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+pub use self::num::{PyInt, PyLong};
 #[cfg(not(any(PyPy, GraalPy)))]
 pub use self::pysuper::PySuper;
 pub use self::sequence::{PySequence, PySequenceMethods};
diff --git a/src/types/num.rs b/src/types/num.rs
index b43dddbef88..517e769742b 100644
--- a/src/types/num.rs
+++ b/src/types/num.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,17 @@ use crate::{ffi, PyAny};
 /// Represents a Python `int` object.
 ///
 /// Values of this type are accessed via PyO3's smart pointers, e.g. as
-/// [`Py<PyLong>`][crate::Py] or [`Bound<'py, PyLong>`][crate::Bound].
+/// [`Py<PyInt>`][crate::Py] or [`Bound<'py, PyInt>`][crate::Bound].
 ///
 /// You can usually avoid directly working with this type
 /// by using [`ToPyObject`](crate::conversion::ToPyObject)
 /// and [`extract`](super::PyAnyMethods::extract)
 /// with the primitive Rust integer types.
 #[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PyLong(PyAny);
+pub struct PyInt(PyAny);
 
-pyobject_native_type_core!(PyLong, pyobject_native_static_type_object!(ffi::PyLong_Type), #checkfunction=ffi::PyLong_Check);
+pyobject_native_type_core!(PyInt, pyobject_native_static_type_object!(ffi::PyLong_Type), #checkfunction=ffi::PyLong_Check);
+
+/// Deprecated alias for [`PyInt`].
+#[deprecated(since = "0.23.0", note = "use `PyInt` instead")]
+pub type PyLong = PyInt;
diff --git a/src/types/typeobject.rs b/src/types/typeobject.rs
index f4b7a6fbc43..9c2d8c17334 100644
--- a/src/types/typeobject.rs
+++ b/src/types/typeobject.rs
@@ -243,9 +243,7 @@ impl<'py> PyTypeMethods<'py> for Bound<'py, PyType> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::types::{
-        PyAnyMethods, PyBool, PyInt, PyLong, PyModule, PyTuple, PyType, PyTypeMethods,
-    };
+    use crate::types::{PyAnyMethods, PyBool, PyInt, PyModule, PyTuple, PyType, PyTypeMethods};
     use crate::PyAny;
     use crate::Python;
 
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_type_is_subclass() {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let bool_type = py.get_type_bound::<PyBool>();
-            let long_type = py.get_type_bound::<PyLong>();
+            let long_type = py.get_type_bound::<PyInt>();
             assert!(bool_type.is_subclass(&long_type).unwrap());
         });
     }
@@ -263,7 +261,7 @@ mod tests {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             assert!(py
                 .get_type_bound::<PyBool>()
-                .is_subclass_of::<PyLong>()
+                .is_subclass_of::<PyInt>()
                 .unwrap());
         });
     }