Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
6174 lines (5080 loc) · 217 KB

Installation.md

File metadata and controls

6174 lines (5080 loc) · 217 KB

This section provides information about the inventory, features, and steps for installing a Kubernetes solution on the environment.

Prerequisites

The technical requirements for all types of host VMs for KubeMarine installation are specified in this section.

Prerequisites for Deployment Node

Ensure the following requirements are met:

Minimal Hardware

  • 1 CPU
  • 512MB RAM

Operating System

Preinstalled Software

  • python 3.7 (or higher version)
  • pip3
  • Helm 3 (optional, only if Helm plugins required to be installed)

Install the required python modules.

Linux / MacOS:

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Windows:

pip install -r requirements_nt.txt

or

Download the binary file for your system from the latest release

Move binary kubemarine to a separate folder

System Clock

System clock should be synchronized the same way as for Cluster nodes system clock.

Windows Deployer Restrictions

There are the following restrictions when deploying from Windows:

  • ansible plugin procedures are not supported.

Prerequisites for Cluster Nodes

For cluster machines, ensure the following requirements are met:

Host type

  • VM
  • Bare-Metal

Host arch

  • x86-64

Operating System

  • The following distributives and versions are supported:

    • Centos 7.5+, 8.4
    • RHEL 7.5+, 8.4
    • Oracle Linux 7.5+, 8.4
    • Ubuntu 20.04
    • Ubuntu 22.04.1

The actual information about the supported versions can be found at global.yaml configuration.

Networking

  • Opened TCP-ports:
    • Internal communication:
      • 22
      • 80
      • 443
      • 6443
      • 2379-2380
      • 10250-10252
      • 10254 - Prometheus port
      • 30000-32767
    • External communication:
      • 80
      • 443
  • Internal network bandwidth not less than 1GBi/s.
  • Dedicated internal address, IPv4, and IPv6 are supported as well, for each VM.
  • Any network security policies are disabled or whitelisted. This is especially important for OpenStack environments.
    • Traffic is allowed for pod subnet. Search for address atservices.kubeadm.networking.podSubnet. By default, 10.128.0.0/14 for IPv4 or fd02::/48 for IPv6.
    • Traffic is allowed for service subnet. Search for address at services.kubeadm.networking.serviceSubnet. By default 172.30.0.0/16 for IPv4 or fd03::/112 for IPv6).

Warning: KubeMarine works only with firewalld as an IP firewall, and switches it off during the installation. If you have other solution, remove or switch off the IP firewall before the installation.

Preinstalled software

  • Installation of the below packages is highly recommended; however, Kubernetes is able to work without them, but may show warnings:
    • ethtool
    • ebtables
    • socat

Warning: You have to specify packages names in "RPM format" if it is possible for you OS, For example, specify conntrack-tools instead of conntrack.

Note: For an automated installation, you can use Packages during installation.

Preinstalled or RPM repository provided in cluster.yaml with the following RPMs from Supported versions table

Note:

  • You can install a version other than the recommended version, but it is not supported and can cause unpredictable consequences.
  • rh-haproxy18 (build provided by RedHat) is supported only for now.

Warning: RHEL version 8 has a conflict in dependencies, that makes the podman and containerd.io installation on the same OS impossible. To avoid it one should implement those steps before the installation procedure.

  1. Add Docker-CE repository.
  2. Run in cli:
dnf -y module disable container-tools
dnf -y install 'dnf-command(copr)'
curl -L -o /etc/yum.repos.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.repo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/CentOS_8/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.repo
dnf -y --refresh install containerd
dnf -y --refresh install podman

After the successful execution of the commands, it is necessary to complete the installation by excluding the prepare.cri.install task.

Preconfigured

  • SSHD running on each VM via port 22.
  • User with sudo and no-require-tty parameter in sudoers file.
  • SSH key is configured on each node. The key should be available for the connection with a username from the previous statement.

Recommended

  • Logrotate policy for /var/log/messages is configured according to the planned load (it is recommended to use limited size and daily rotation)

For more information, refer to Official Kubernetes Requirements Documentation at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/#before-you-begin.

Minimal Hardware Requirements

The minimum hardware requirements for cluster machines are as follows:

Balancer

  • 1 CPU
  • 1GB RAM
  • 10GB HDD

Control-plane

  • 2 CPU
  • 2GB RAM
  • 40GB HDD

Worker

  • 4 CPU
  • 4GB RAM
  • 80GB HDD

Recommended Hardware Requirements

The recommended hardware requirements are as follows:

Balancer

  • 2 CPU
  • 1GB RAM
  • 10GB HDD

Control-plane

  • 4 CPU
  • 4GB RAM

Worker

  • 8 CPU
  • 16GB RAM
  • 120GB HDD

Disk Partitioning Recommendation

Kubernetes clusters use the following important folders:

/var/lib/etcd - It is used for the etcd database storage at the control-plane nodes. Etcd is very sensitive to disk performance so it is recommended to put /var/lib/etcd to a separate fast disk (for example, SSD). The size of this disk depends on the etcd database size, but not less than 4 GB. For more information about etcd disks, refer to the ETCD Recommendation section.

/var/lib/containerd - It is a working directory of containerd, and is used for active container runtimes and storage of local images. For control-plane nodes, it should be at least 20 GB, whereas, for worker nodes, it should be 50 GB or more, depending on the application requirements.

/var/lib/kubelet - It is a working directory for kubelet. It includes kubelet's configuration files, pods runtime data, environment variables, kube secrets, emptyDirs and data volumes not backed by persistent storage PVs. Its size varies depending on the running applications.

/var/log - It is used for logs from all Linux subsystems (logs of pods are located there too). The recommended size is 10 to 30 GB or more, depending on the logrotation policy. Also, the logrotation should be configured properly to avoid a disk overflow.

Disk Pressure

To detect DiskPressure events for nodes, Kubernetes controls the nodefs and imagefs file system partitions. The nodefs (or rootfs) is the node's main filesystem used for local disk volumes, emptyDir, log storage, and so on. By default, it is /var/lib/kubelet.

The imagefs is an optional filesystem that the container runtimes use to store container images and container writable layers. For containerd, it is the filesystem containing /var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs.

If nodefs or imagefs reach the eviction thresholds (100% - nodefs.available, 100% - imagefs.available), the DiskPressure condition becomes true and the pods start being evicted from the node. So it is crucially important not to allow disk fulfillment coming to the eviction threshold for both nodefs and imagefs.

ETCD Recommendation

For a cluster with a high load on the ETCD, it is strongly recommended to mount dedicated SSD-volumes in the ETCD-storage directory (4 GB size at least is recommended) on each Control-plane before the installation. Mount point:

/var/lib/etcd

General H/W recommendations

SSH key Recommendation

Before working with the cluster, you need to generate an ssh key. KubeMarine supports following types of keys: RSA, DSS, ECDSA, Ed25519.

Example:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

Private Certificate Authority

In internal environments, certificates signed by the custom CA root certificate can be used, for example, in a private repository. In this case, the custom CA root certificate should be added to all the cluster nodes.

Examples:

  • CentOS/RHEL/Oracle
# yum install ca-certificates
# curl -o /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/Custom_CA.crt http://example.com/misc/Custom_CA.crt
# update-ca-trust extract
  • Ubuntu/Debian:
# apt install ca-certificates
# curl -o /usr/share/ca-certificates/Custom_CA.crt http://example.com/misc/Custom_CA.crt
# echo "Custom_CA.crt" >> /etc/ca-certificates.conf
# update-ca-certificates

Inventory Preparation

Before you begin, select the deployment scheme and prepare the inventory.

Deployment Schemes

Several deployment schemes exist for the cluster installation.

There are two major deployment schemes as follows:

  • Non-HA Deployment
  • HA Deployment

Non-HA Deployment Schemes

This deployment provides a single KubeMarine control-plane.

All-in-one Scheme

This scheme has one node assigned as control-plane and worker roles; balancer role is optional. This scheme is used for developing and demonstrating purposes only. An example of this scheme is available in the All-in-one Inventory Example.

The following image illustrates the All-in-one scheme.

All-in-one Scheme

HA Deployment Schemes

This deployment type provides a highly available and reliable solution.

Mini-HA Scheme

In this scheme, the control-plane, balancer, and worker roles are all assigned to odd number of identical nodes (at least 3). In this scheme, it is mandatory to enable VRRP to leverage balancing. An example of this scheme is available in the Mini-HA Inventory Example.

The following image illustrates the Mini-HA scheme.

Mini-HA Scheme

Full-HA Scheme

In this scheme, several nodes are assigned different roles. The number of control-plane nodes should be odd, three, or more. The number of worker nodes should be greater than one or more than three. The recommended number of balancer nodes is two, with configured VRRP, but one balancer without VRRP is also supported. An example of this scheme presented is available in the Minimal Full-HA Inventory Example and Typical Full-HA Inventory Example.

The following image illustrates the Full-HA scheme.

Full-HA Scheme

Taints and Toleration

A node, taint, lets you mark a node so that the scheduler avoids or prevents using it for certain pods. A complementary feature, tolerations, lets you designate pods that can be used on "tainted" nodes.

Node taints are key-value pairs associated with an effect. Following are the available effects:

  • NoSchedule. The pods that do not tolerate this taint are not scheduled on the node; the existing pods are not evicted from the node.
  • PreferNoSchedule. Kubernetes avoids scheduling the pods that do not tolerate this taint onto the node.
  • NoExecute. A pod is evicted from the node if it is already running on the node, and is not scheduled onto the node if it is not yet running on the node.

Note: Some system pods, for example, kube-proxy and fluentd, tolerate all NoExecute and NoSchedule taints, and are not evicted.

In general, taints and tolerations support the following use cases:

  • Dedicated nodes. You can use a combination of node affinity and taints/tolerations to create dedicated nodes. For example, you can limit the number of nodes onto which to schedule pods by using labels and node affinity, apply taints to these nodes, and then add corresponding tolerations to the pods to schedule them on those particular nodes.
  • Nodes with special hardware. If you have nodes with special hardware, for example, GPUs, you have to repel pods that do not need this hardware and attract pods that need it. This can be done by tainting the nodes that have the specialized hardware and adding the corresponding toleration to pods that must use this special hardware.
  • Taint-based evictions. New Kubernetes versions allow configuring per-pod eviction behavior on nodes that experience problems.

To set taint to any node, you can apply the following command:

kubectl taint nodes <NODENAME> <KEY>=<VALUE>:<EFFECT>

To remove the taint added by command above you can run:

kubectl taint nodes <NODENAME> <KEY>=<VALUE>:<EFFECT>-

Where:

  • NODENAME is the name of the tainted node.
  • KEY is the name of the taint. For example, special, database, infra, and so on.
  • VALUE is the value for the taint.
  • EFFECT is the effect for the taint behavior. It can be one of NoSchedule, PreferNoSchedule, or NoExecute.

To deploy pods on tainted nodes, you should define the toleration section:

tolerations:
- key: <KEY>
  operator: Equal
  value: <VALUE>
  effect: <EFFECT>

A toleration "matches" a taint if the keys are the same and the effects are the same, and:

  • the operator is Exists (in which case no value should be specified), or
  • the operator is Equal and the values are equal.

Note: An empty key with operator Exists matches all keys, values, and effects which specifies that this tolerates everything.

CoreDNS Deployment with Node Taints

By default, CoreDNS pods are scheduled to worker nodes. If the worker nodes have taints, the CoreDNS must have tolerations configuration in cluster.yaml, otherwise, the CoreDNS pods get stuck in the Pending state. For example:

services:
  coredns:
    deployment:
      spec:
        template:
          spec:
             tolerations:
              - key: application
                operator: Exists
                effect: NoSchedule

Plugins Deployment with Node Taints

The plugins also require the tolerations section in case of node taints. The Calico and Flannel pods already have tolerations to be assigned to all the cluster nodes. But for other plugins, it should be set in cluster.yaml. For more information, see Tolerations.

If you create your own plugins, the tolerations settings should be taken into account.

Configuration

All the installation configurations for the cluster are in a single inventory file. It is recommended to name this file as cluster.yaml.

For more information about the structure of the inventory and how to specify the values, refer to the following configuration examples:

These files consists of the following sections.

node_defaults

In the node_defaults section, you can describe the parameters to be applied by default to each record in the nodes section. For example, by adding the keyfile parameter in this section, it is copied to all elements of the nodes list. However, if this parameter is defined in any element of nodes list, it is not replaced in it.

For example, you can have the following inventory content:

node_defaults:
  keyfile: "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa"
  username: "centos"

node:
  - name: "lb"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.1"
    roles: ["balancer"]
  - name: "control-plane"
    keyfile: "/home/username/another.key"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.2"
    roles: ["control-plane"]

After executing the above example, the final result is displayed as follows:

node:
  - name: "lb"
    username: "centos"
    keyfile: "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.1"
    roles: ["balancer"]
  - name: "control-plane"
    username: "centos"
    keyfile: "/home/username/another.key"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.2"
    roles: ["control-plane"]

Following are the parameters allowed to be specified in the node_defaults section:

  • keyfile, username, connection_port, connection_timeout, and gateway.
  • labels, and taints - specify at global level only if the Mini-HA Scheme is used.

For more information about the listed parameters, refer to the following section.

nodes

In the nodes section, it is necessary to describe each node of the future cluster.

The following options are supported:

Name Type Mandatory Default Value Example Description
keyfile string yes /home/username/.ssh/id_rsa Absolute path to keyfile on local machine to access the cluster machines
username string no root centos Username for SSH-access the cluster machines
name string no k8s-control-plane-1 Cluster member name. If omitted, KubeMarine calculates the name by the member role and position in the inventory. Note that this leads to undefined behavior when adding or removing nodes.
address ip address no 10.101.0.1 External node's IP-address
internal_address ip address yes 192.168.0.1 Internal node's IP-address
connection_port int no 22 Port for SSH-connection to cluster node
connection_timeout int no 10 60 Timeout for SSH-connection to cluster node
roles list yes ["control-plane"] Cluster member role. It can be balancer, worker, or control-plane.
labels map no netcracker-infra: infra Additional labels for node
taints list no See examples below Additional taints for node. Caution: Use at your own risk. It can cause unexpected behavior. No support is provided for consequences.

An example with parameters values is as follows:

node_defaults:
  keyfile: "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa"
  username: "centos"

nodes:
  - name: "k8s-lb"
    address: "10.101.0.1"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.1"
    roles: ["balancer"]
  - name: "k8s-control-plane-1"
    address: "10.101.0.2"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.2"
    roles: ["control-plane"]
    labels:
      region: asia
    taints:
      - "node-role.kubernetes.io/remove-example:NoSchedule-"
      - "node-role.kubernetes.io/add-example=add-example:NoSchedule"
  - name: "k8s-worker-1"
    address: "10.101.0.5"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.5"
    roles: ["worker"]
    labels:
      netcracker-infra: infra
      region: europe

The example is also available in Full Inventory Example.

Warning: Please be informed that the master role is obsolete and will be changed by control-planein the future. The control-plane and master roles are interchangeable at the moment. Therefore it's possible to use the control-plane and master roles in any procedure.

cluster_name

In the cluster_name variable specify the future address of the cluster. On this address, the Control Plane Endpoint is raised, and it is used in the calculated parameters.

An example is as follows:

cluster_name: "k8s-stack.sdntest.example.com"

Note: Cluster name should be a fully qualified domain name. It should not be an IP address.

For more information, refer to FQDN at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name

control_plain

control_plain parameter specifies which addresses are to be available for Kubernetes. The internal and external parameter is described in the following table.

Parameter Example Description
control_plain['internal'] 192.168.0.1 Internal network address for the connection. To be used for all internal kubeapi traffic.
control_plain['external'] 10.101.0.1 External network address for the connection. To be used for serving and balancing external traffic and external connections.

This parameter is calculated in the first turn so that it can be referenced in inventory parameters. For example:

answer: '3600 IN A {{ control_plain["internal"] }}'

This is an autocalculated parameter, but you can override it if you are aware about the procedure. For example:

control_plain:
  internal: 192.168.0.1
  external: 10.101.0.1

Automatic calculation works according to the following principle: The algorithm iterates through and looks for appropriate addresses.

Addresses are taken from the following groups in order:

  1. VRRP IP
  2. Balancer
  3. Control-plane

Note: VRRP IPs with maintenance-type: "not bind" do not participate in the control_plain calculation. For more information, see maintenance type.

Note: It is important to notice that addresses may not necessarily be taken from a single group. There may be situation that the internal address is taken from the VRRP, and the external one from the Balancer. This situation is not recommended, but it is possible. If the inventory is correctly filled in and all the addresses that are available are indicated, the algorithm automatically selects the best pair of addresses.

After detecting addresses, the algorithm automatically displays the determined addresses and their sources as follows:

Control plains:
   Internal: 192.168.0.1 (vrrp_ip[0])
   External: 10.101.1.101 (balancer "balancer-1")

control_endpoint

The algorithm of control_plain calculation chooses the very first address if there are several elements in the group. If you are not satisfied with this principle, you can "help" the algorithm in choosing which address to take by specifying the control_endpoint parameter for the group element. For example:

vrrp_ips:
- ip: 192.168.0.1
  floating_ip: 10.101.0.1
- ip: 192.168.0.2
  floating_ip: 10.101.0.2
  control_endpoint: True

The above example produces the following result:

Control plains:
   Internal: 192.168.0.2 (vrrp_ip[1])
   External: 10.101.0.2 (vrrp_ip[1])

An example with mixed groups:

vrrp_ips:
- ip: 192.168.0.1
  floating_ip: 10.101.0.1
- ip: 192.168.0.2
  control_endpoint: True

nodes:
- name: balancer-1
  internal_address: 192.168.0.3
  address: 10.101.0.3
- name: balancer-2
  internal_address: 192.168.0.4
  address: 10.101.0.4
  control_endpoint: True

The above example produces the following result:

Control plains:
   Internal: 192.168.0.2 (vrrp_ip[1])
   External: 10.101.0.4 (balancer "balancer-2")

Note: control_endpoint is not taken into account for VRRP IPs with maintenance-type: "not bind".

public_cluster_ip

Warning: public_cluster_ip is an obsolete variable, use control_plain.external variable instead.

public_cluster_ip variable specifies the Kubernetes external address to connect from an external network. This variable is optional and required if you are using Helm plugins installation.

By default public_cluster_ip inherits control_plain["external"] as shown in the following code:

public_cluster_ip: '{{ control_plain["external"] }}'

However, it is possible to change an address if the external control_plain parameter is not suitable. For example, if the cluster is behind an external balancer as shown in the following code.

public_cluster_ip: "10.102.0.1"

registry

If you want to install Kubernetes in a private environment, without access to the internet, then you need to redefine the addresses of remote resources. These resources are many, so for convenience there is a single unified registry parameter that allows you to specify the registry for everything at once. To do this, you need to specify registry section in the root of the inventory and fill it with parameters.

The registry parameter automatically completes the following parameters:

Path Registry Type Format Example Description
services.kubeadm.imageRepository Docker Address without protocol, where Kubernetes images are stored. It should be the full path to the repository. example.com:5443/k8s.gcr.io Kubernetes Image Repository. The system container's images such as kubeapi or etcd is loaded from this registry.
services.cri.dockerConfig.insecure-registries Docker List with addresses without a protocol. example.com:5443 Docker Insecure Registries. It is necessary for the Docker to allow the connection to addresses unknown to it.
services.cri.dockerConfig.registry-mirrors Docker List with addresses. Each address should contain a protocol. https://example.com:5443 Docker Registry Mirrors. Additional image sources for the container's images pull.
services.cri.containerdConfig.{{containerd-specific name}} Docker Toml-like section with endpoints according to the containerd docs. https://example.com:5443
services.thirdparties.{{ thirdparty }}.source Plain Address with protocol or absolute path on deploy node. It should be the full path to the file. https://example.com/kubeadm/v1.22.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadm Thridparty Source. Thirdparty file, such as binary, archive and so on, is loaded from this registry.
plugin_defaults.installation.registry Docker Address without protocol, where plugins images are stored. example.com:5443 Plugins Images Registry. All plugins container's images are loaded from this registry.

Note: You can enter these parameters yourself, as well as override them, even if the registry parameter is set.

Registry section support 2 formats - new endpoints definition without docker support and old-style address-port with docker support. We recommend to use new endpoints format as in the future we will abandon the old format. Only one format can be used.

registry (new endpoints format)

The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Type Default value Description
endpoints list Address list of registry endpoints
mirror_registry string registry.cluster.local The internal address of the containerd mirror registry, which should be defined in containers
thirdparties string Address for the webserver, where thirdparties hosted

Endpoint value is a string with an address (protocol, host, and port). Record format example:

registry:
  endpoints:
    - https://repository-01.example.com:17001
    - https://repository-02.example.com:27001

Also, you can mix this types. Full example:

registry:
  thirdparties: https://repository-03.example.com:8080/custom_location
  endpoints:
    - https://repository-01.example.com:17001
    - https://repository-02.example.com:27001
  mirror_registry: "registry.cluster.local"

registry (old address-port format)

The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Type Default value Description
address string Full address to the registry, without protocol and port.
docker_port number Custom port for connecting to the image registry.
webserver boolean False A special parameter indicating whether registry has ability to serve http files. When enabled, the thirdparties are patched with the address provided.
ssl boolean False Registry SSL support switch.

Example:

registry:
  address: example.com
  docker_port: 5443
  webserver: True
  ssl: False

This configuration generates the following parameters:

services:
  kubeadm:
    imageRepository: example.com:5443/k8s.gcr.io
  cri:
    dockerConfig:
      insecure-registries:
      - example.com:5443
      registry-mirrors:
      - http://example.com:5443
  thirdparties:
    /usr/bin/calicoctl:
      source: http://example.com/webserver/repository/raw/projectcalico/calico/v3.20.1/calicoctl-linux-amd64
    /usr/bin/kubeadm:
      source: http://example.com/webserver/repository/raw/kubernetes/kubeadm/v1.22.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadm
    /usr/bin/kubectl:
      source: http://example.com/webserver/repository/raw/kubernetes/kubectl/v1.22.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
    /usr/bin/kubelet:
      source: http://example.com/webserver/repository/raw/kubernetes/kubelet/v1.22.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet
plugin_defaults:
  installation:
    registry: example.com:5443

However, if you override one of the replaced parameters, it is not replaced. For example, with the following configuration:

registry:
  address: example.com
  docker_port: 5443
  webserver: True
  ssl: False
services:
  kubeadm:
    imageRepository: 1.1.1.1:8080/test

The following configuration is produced:

services:
  kubeadm:
    imageRepository: 1.1.1.1:8080/test
  cri:
    dockerConfig:
      insecure-registries:
      - example.com:5443
      registry-mirrors:
      - http://example.com:5443
...

gateway_nodes

If you do not have direct SSH-access to the cluster nodes from the deployer node and you need to connect via the gateway, you can specify the gateway nodes through which you need to create an SSH-tunnel. You can specify several gateways.

The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Type Mandatory Description
name string yes Gateway node name
address ip address yes Gateway node's IP or hostname address for connection
username string yes Username for SSH-access the gateway node
keyfile string yes Absolute path to keyfile on deploy node to access the gateway node

An example is as follows:

gateway_nodes:
  - name: k8s-gateway-1
    address: 10.102.0.1
    username: root
    keyfile: "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa"
  - name: k8s-gateway-2
    address: 10.102.0.2
    username: root
    keyfile: "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa"

You need to specify which gateways should be used to connect to nodes.

An example is as follows:

nodes:
  - name: "k8s-control-plane-1"
    address: "10.101.0.2"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.2"
    roles: ["control-plane"]
    gateway: k8s-gateway-1
  - name: "k8s-control-plane-2"
    address: "10.101.0.3"
    internal_address: "192.168.0.3"
    roles: ["control-plane"]
    gateway: k8s-gateway-2

Note: If the gateway is not specified on the node, then the connection is direct.

vrrp_ips

Installation task: deploy.loadbalancer.keepalived

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: Always yes, keepalived

OS specific: Yes, different OS may have different default network interfaces. For interfaces with the autodetection mode selected, it is automatically detected by the internal_address property of the node on which the particular VRRP IP should be set. By default, autodetection is enabled.

In order to assign VRRP IP you need to create a vrrp_ips section in the inventory and specify the appropriate configuration. You can specify several VRRP IP addresses.

The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Default or Automatically Calculated Value Description
hosts List of hosts on which the VRRP IP should be set.
hosts[i].name The name of the node. It must match the name in the nodes list.
hosts[i].priority 255 - {{ i }} The priority of the VRRP IP host.
hosts[i].interface auto The interface on which the address must be listened for the particular host.
ip The IP address for virtual IP.
floating_ip The floating IP address for virtual IP.
interface auto The interface on which the address must be listened. The value of this property is propagated to the corresponding hosts[i].interface property, if the latter is not explicitly defined.
id md5({{ interface }} + {{ ip }}) cropped to 10 characters The ID of the VRRP IP. It must be unique for each VRRP IP.
password Randomly generated 8-digit string Password for VRRP IP set. It must be unique for every VRRP IP ID.
router_id Last octet of IP The router ID of the VRRP IP. Must be unique for each VRRP IP ID and have maximum 3-character size.
params.maintenance-type Label for IPs that describes what type of traffic should be received in maintenance mode. See maintenance mode and maintenance type

There are several formats in which you can specify values.

The following are some examples of the format:

You can specify only the address of the VRRP IP, in which case it automatically applies to all balancers in the cluster and other parameters are automatically calculated. For example:

vrrp_ips:
- 192.168.0.1

You can specify the address and which hosts it should apply to. Other parameters are automatically calculated. For example:

vrrp_ips:
- hosts:
  - name: balancer-1
    priority: 254
  - name: balancer-2
    priority: 253
  ip: 192.168.0.1
  floating_ip: 10.101.1.1

You can specify all possible parameters at one time instead of using auto-calculated. For example:

vrrp_ips:
- hosts:
  - name: balancer-1
    priority: 254
    interface: eth0
  - name: balancer-2
    priority: 253
    interface: ens3
  id: d8efc729e4
  ip: 192.168.0.1
  floating_ip: 10.101.1.1
  password: 11a1aabe
  router_id: '1'

maintenance type

Generally, the maintenance configuration is the same as the default configuration for balancer. The maintenance_type option allows to change the default behavior. The following example discribes the type of traffic that applicable for particular IP in maintenance mode configuration. (not bind means that IP will not receive neither TCP nor HTTP traffic):

vrrp_ips:
- ip: 192.168.0.1
  floating_ip: 10.101.1.1
- ip: 192.168.0.2
  floating_ip: 10.101.1.2
  params:
    maintenance-type: "not bind"

Services

In the services section, you can configure the service settings. The settings are described in the following sections.

kubeadm

Installation task: deploy.kubernetes

Can cause reboot: no

Can restart service: always yes, kubelet

OS specific: No

In services.kubeadm section, you can override the original settings for the kubeadm. For more information these settings, refer to the Official Kubernetes Documentation. By default, the installer uses the following parameters:

Parameter Default Value
kubernetesVersion v1.24.0
controlPlaneEndpoint {{ cluster_name }}:6443
networking.podSubnet 10.128.0.0/14 for IPv4 or fd02::/48 for IPv6
networking.serviceSubnet 172.30.0.0/16 for IPv4 or fd03::/112 for IPv6
apiServer.certSANs List with all nodes internal IPs, external IPs and names
apiServer.extraArgs.enable-admission-plugins NodeRestriction
apiServer.extraArgs.profiling false
apiServer.extraArgs.audit-log-path /var/log/kubernetes/audit/audit.log
apiServer.extraArgs.audit-policy-file /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
apiServer.extraArgs.audit-log-maxage 30
apiServer.extraArgs.audit-log-maxbackup 10
apiServer.extraArgs.audit-log-maxsize 100
scheduler.extraArgs.profiling false
controllerManager.extraArgs.profiling false
controllerManager.extraArgs.terminated-pod-gc-threshold 1000

The following is an example of kubeadm defaults override:

services:
  kubeadm:
    networking:
      podSubnet: '10.128.0.0/14'
      serviceSubnet: '172.30.0.0/16'
    imageRepository: example.com:5443/k8s.gcr.io
    apiServer:
      extraArgs:
        enable-admission-plugins: NodeRestriction,PodNodeSelector
        profiling: "false"
        audit-log-path: /var/log/kubernetes/audit/audit.log
        audit-policy-file: /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
        audit-log-maxage: "30"
        audit-log-maxbackup: "10"
        audit-log-maxsize: "100"
    scheduler:
      extraArgs:
        profiling: "false"
    controllerManager:
      extraArgs:
        profiling: "false"
        terminated-pod-gc-threshold: "1000"
    etcd:
      local:
        extraArgs:
          heartbeat-interval: "1000"
          election-timeout: "10000"

Note: Those parameters remain in manifests files after Kubernetes upgrade. That is the proper way to preserve custom settings for system services.

Warning: These kubeadm parameters are configurable only during installation, currently. KubeMarine currently do not provide special procedure to change these parameters after installation.

During init, join, upgrade procedures kubeadm runs preflight procedure to do some preliminary checks. In case of any error kubeadm stops working. Sometimes it is necessary to ignore some preflight errors to deploy or upgrade successfully.

KubeMarine allows to configure kubeadm preflight errors to be ignored.

Example:

services:
  kubeadm_flags:
    ignorePreflightErrors: Port-6443,CoreDNSUnsupportedPlugins,DirAvailable--var-lib-etcd

Note: Default settings for ignorePreflightErrors are:

services:
  kubeadm_flags:
    ignorePreflightErrors: Port-6443,CoreDNSUnsupportedPlugins

Kubernetes version

By default, the 1.24.0 version of the Kubernetes is installed. See the table of supported versions for details in Supported versions section. However, we recommend that you explicitly specify the version you are about to install. This version applies into all the dependent parameters - images, binaries, rpms, configurations: all these are downloaded and used according to your choice. To specify the version, use the following parameter as in example:

services:
  kubeadm:
    kubernetesVersion: v1.22.2

Cloud Provider Plugin

Before proceeding further, it is recommended to read the official Kubernetes Guide about the CPP deployment in the cluster at https://kubernetes.io/blog/2020/02/07/deploying-external-openstack-cloud-provider-with-kubeadm/.

Warning: Manual CPP installation on a deployed cluster can cause Kubernetes out-of-service denial and break KubeMarine procedures for adding and removing nodes.

It is possible to specify a plugin at the installation stage, if it is required. To enable the CPP support, just specify the external-cloud-volume-plugin parameter of controllerManager in the kubeadm cluster configuration. For example:

services:
  kubeadm:
    controllerManager:
      extraArgs:
        external-cloud-volume-plugin: openstack
      extraVolumes:
      - name: "cloud-config"
        hostPath: "/etc/kubernetes/cloud-config"
        mountPath: "/etc/kubernetes/cloud-config"
        readOnly: true
        pathType: File

In this case, KubeMarine automatically initializes and joins new cluster nodes with CPP enabled. However, this is not enough for the full operation of the CPP. There are a number of manual steps required to configure the CPP before running Calico and other plugins. These steps depend directly on your Cloud Provider and its specific settings. An example of a simple setup for an openstack is as follows:

  1. Prepare cloud config of your Cloud Provider with credentials and mandatory parameters required for the connection. Openstack cloud config example:

    [Global]
region=RegionOne
username=username
password=password
auth-url=https://openstack.cloud:5000/v3
tenant-id=14ba698c0aec4fd6b7dc8c310f664009
domain-name=default

  2. Upload the cloud config to all the nodes in the cluster to the following location:

    /etc/kubernetes/cloud-config

    It is recommended to use KubeMarine functionality of plugins or thirdparties for automatic uploading. For example, it is possible to upload the cloud config on all nodes using thirdparties before starting the cluster installation:

    services:
  thirdparties:
    /etc/kubernetes/cloud-config:
      source: ./example/cloud-config.txt

  3. Before running any plugins, it is necessary to create a secret RBAC resource and cloud controller manager DaemonSet for CPP. This can be specified as the very first KubeMarine plugin, for example:

    Create a file ./openstack-cloud-controller-manager-ds.yaml on deploy node with the following content:

---
  apiVersion: v1
  kind: ServiceAccount
  metadata:
    name: cloud-controller-manager
    namespace: kube-system
---
  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: DaemonSet
  metadata:
    name: openstack-cloud-controller-manager
    namespace: kube-system
    labels:
      k8s-app: openstack-cloud-controller-manager
  spec:
    selector:
      matchLabels:
        k8s-app: openstack-cloud-controller-manager
    updateStrategy:
      type: RollingUpdate
    template:
      metadata:
        labels:
          k8s-app: openstack-cloud-controller-manager
      spec:
        nodeSelector:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: ""
        tolerations:
        - key: node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized
          value: "true"
          effect: NoSchedule
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane
          effect: NoSchedule
        - effect: NoSchedule
          key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
        serviceAccountName: cloud-controller-manager
        containers:
          - name: openstack-cloud-controller-manager
            image: docker.io/k8scloudprovider/openstack-cloud-controller-manager:v1.15.0
            securityContext:
              privileged: true
            args:
              - /bin/openstack-cloud-controller-manager
              - --v=1
              - --cloud-config=$(CLOUD_CONFIG)
              - --cloud-provider=openstack
              - --use-service-account-credentials=true
              - --address=127.0.0.1
            volumeMounts:
              - mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki
                name: k8s-certs
                readOnly: true
              - mountPath: /etc/config
                name: cloud-config-volume
                readOnly: true
              - mountPath: /usr/libexec/kubernetes/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec
                name: flexvolume-dir
            resources:
              requests:
                cpu: 200m
            env:
              - name: CLOUD_CONFIG
                value: /etc/config/cloud.conf
        hostNetwork: true
        volumes:
        - hostPath:
            path: /usr/libexec/kubernetes/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
          name: flexvolume-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /etc/kubernetes/pki
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
          name: k8s-certs
        - name: cloud-config-volume
          secret:
            secretName: cloud-config
        - name: ca-cert
          secret:
            secretName: openstack-ca-cert

Warning: Pay attention on external resources links. For restricted environments links should be changed to local registry. For example, image: docker.io/k8scloudprovider/openstack-cloud-controller-manager:v1.15.0 should be changed to registry:17001/k8scloudprovider/openstack-cloud-controller-manager:v1.15.0

Warning: Pay attention to pod security policies for cloud controller manager. You can create new ClusterRole or disable PSP.

Place the following plugin section to the cluster config:

plugins:
  cloud-config:
    install: true
    installation:
      priority: -1
      procedures:
        - shell:
          command: sudo kubectl create secret -n kube-system generic cloud-config --from-literal=cloud.conf="$(sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/cloud-config)" --dry-run -o yaml > cloud-config-secret.yaml && sudo kubectl apply -f cloud-config-secret.yaml
          nodes: ['control-plane-1']
        - shell:
          command: sudo kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes/cloud-provider-openstack/raw/release-1.15/cluster/addons/rbac/cloud-controller-manager-roles.yaml
          nodes: ['control-plane-1']
        - shell:
          command: sudo kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes/cloud-provider-openstack/raw/release-1.15/cluster/addons/rbac/cloud-controller-manager-role-bindings.yaml
          nodes: ['control-plane-1']
        - template:
          source: ./openstack-cloud-controller-manager-ds.yaml

Warning: Pay attention on external resources links. For restricted environments configs should be downloaded and links changed to the local path.

Service Account Issuer

Warning:

  • Manual Service Account Issuer setup on an already installed Kubernetes cluster is not supported.
  • Service Account Issuer feature is supported only on Kubernetes 1.20.

If Service Account Issuer is required, you can configure the necessary Kubernetes parameters using the kubeadm section in the cluster config. For example:

services:
  kubeadm:
    apiServer:
      extraArgs:
        feature-gates: "ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery=true"
        service-account-issuer: "https://{{ cluster_name }}:6443"
        service-account-jwks-uri: "https://{{ cluster_name }}:6443/openid/v1/jwks"
        service-account-signing-key-file: /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key
        service-account-key-file: /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
    controllerManager:
      extraArgs:
        feature-gates: "ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery=true"
    scheduler:
      extraArgs:
        feature-gates: "ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery=true"

To be able to fetch the public keys and validate the JWT tokens against the Kubernetes cluster’s issuer, you have to allow external unauthenticated requests. To do this, bind the special role, system:service-account-issuer-discovery, with a ClusterRoleBinding to unauthenticated users. Make sure that this is safe in your environment, but only public keys are visible on the URL.

Warning: The following command opens an unauthenticated access to the endpoint receiving public tokens. Do not execute this command if you do not need to open access to the outside, or if you do not understand what you are doing. If you still decide to open an external access, make sure to provide secure access to this endpoint with external resources outside the cluster.

For example:

kubectl create clusterrolebinding oidc-reviewer --clusterrole=system:service-account-issuer-discovery --group=system:unauthenticated

If you need to test that the Service Account Issuer is working, implement the following steps:

  1. Create a test pod:
kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  serviceAccountName: default
  containers:
    - image: nginx:alpine
      name: oidc
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/tokens
          name: oidc-token
  volumes:
    - name: oidc-token
      projected:
        sources:
          - serviceAccountToken:
              path: oidc-token
              expirationSeconds: 7200
              audience: vault
EOF
  1. Verify whether oidc-token is available:
kubectl exec nginx -- cat /var/run/secrets/tokens/oidc-token
  1. Verify ServiceAccount JWT:
kubectl exec nginx -- cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
  1. Get the CA signing certificate of the Kubernetes API Server’s certificate to validate it:
kubectl exec nginx -- cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt > kubernetes_ca.crt
  1. Visit well-known OIDC URLs:
curl --cacert kubernetes_ca.crt https://CLUSTER_NAME:6443/.well-known/openid-configuration

Example result:

{
  "issuer": "https://localhost:6443",
  "jwks_uri": "https://localhost:6443/openid/v1/jwks",
  "response_types_supported": [
    "id_token"
  ],
  "subject_types_supported": [
    "public"
  ],
  "id_token_signing_alg_values_supported": [
    "RS256"
  ]
}
  1. Visit the JWKS address ("jwks_uri") to view public keys:
curl --cacert kubernetes_ca.crt https://CLUSTER_NAME:6443/openid/v1/jwks

Example result:

{
  "keys": [
    {
      "use": "sig",
      "kty": "RSA",
      "kid": "Rt3TBA31bh3rH67PQbKImg2ldwhPqBTWF2w1Hxqi84c",
      "alg": "RS256",
      "n": "vL0tjBqLDFTyqOCPBQC5Mww_3xkhlkWmeklPjSAhFuqL0U-Oie9E1z8FuhcApBaUs7UEPzja02PEZd4i1UF2UDoxKYEG9hG5vPseTXwN_xGnbhOaBdfgQ7KDvqV-WHfmlrnnCizi1VmNAHsoAg6oZMiUdOuk8kCFxpe0N6THmBKNSKnqoRnhSL4uwHSBWJ5pEyWAqyL8KYaaGYhc2MVUs3I8e-gtQE6Vlwe75_QSp9uIZNZeFr5keqiXhz8BWL76ok-vY8UZ8-rH2VIN5LzXkCvhIFI9W_UBzziSnb9l5dgSQCwGf18zVgT0yJjCz0Z9YE9A1Wgeu-LLrJz3gxR8Hw",
      "e": "AQAB"
    }
  ]
}

kubeadm_kubelet

Installation task: deploy.kubernetes

Can cause reboot: no

Can restart service: always yes, kubelet

OS specific: No

In services.kubeadm_kubelet section, you can override the original settings for the kubelet. For more information these settings, refer to the Official Kubernetes Documentation. By default, the installer uses the following parameters:

Parameter Default Value
readOnlyPort 0
protectKernelDefaults true
podPidsLimit 4096
maxPods 110
cgroupDriver systemd

podPidsLimit the default value is chosen to prevent Fork Bomb

cgroupDriver field defines which cgroup driver the kubelet controls. Configuring the kubelet cgroup driver.

Warning: If you want to change the values of variables podPidsLimit and maxPods, you have to update the value of the pid_max (this value should not less than result of next expression: maxPods * podPidsLimit + 2048), which can be done using task prepare.system.sysctl. To get more info about pid_max you can go to sysctl section.

The following is an example of kubeadm defaults override:

services:
  kubeadm_kubelet:
    readOnlyPort: 0
    protectKernelDefaults: true
    podPidsLimit: 2048
    maxPods: 100
    cgroupDriver: systemd

kernel_security

This is a common section for selinux and apparmor properties.

selinux

Installation task: prepare.system.setup_selinux

Can cause reboot: Yes, only on configurations change

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, only on configurations change: /etc/selinux/config, backup is created

OS specific: Yes, performs only on RHEL OS family.

All the SELinux settings are specified in the services.kernel_security.selinux section of the inventory.

Note: SELinux configuration is possible only on nodes running Centos or RHEL operating system.

The following parameters are available:

Name Type Mandatory Default Value Possible Values Description
state string no enforcing enforcing - The SELinux security policy is enforced. Defines the top-level state of SELinux on a system.
permissive - The SELinux system prints warnings but does not enforce policy. This is useful for debugging and troubleshooting purposes.
disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELinux hooks are disengaged from the kernel and the pseudo-file system is unregistered.
policy string no targeted targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. Specifies which policy is currently being enforced by SELinux.
strict - Full SELinux protection, for all daemons. Security contexts are defined, for all subjects and objects, and every single action is processed by,the policy enforcement server.
permissive list no 
- haproxy_t
- container_t
- keepalived_t
 any Certain SELinux object type policy records, applicable without requiring modification to or recompilation from the policy sources.

Warning: It is recommended to use default values. Using values different from default may cause unexpected consequences and no support is provided for consequences.

Note: Turning off and then turning on SELinux can lead to the loss of security rules, which were configured earlier.

For more information about SELinux, refer to the Official RedHat SELinux Configuration Documentation at https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/index.

The procedure for applying SELinux settings is as follows:

  1. The current settings on remote hosts are validated first. The detected configurations are precisely compared with the configurations from the inventory:
    • SELinux status compared with services.selinux.state - Specified if SELinux needs to be disabled or not.
    • Current mode and Mode from config file compared with the services.selinux.state parameter.
    • Loaded policy name and Policy from config file compared with the services.selinux.policy parameter.
    • Customized Permissive Types items compared with items in the services.selinux.permissive list parameter.
  2. If there are no differences, then proceeds with the following tasks.
  3. If there is at least one difference, the application of all SELinux settings for remote nodes begins.
  4. After applying the settings, it is planned to reboot and re-validate the required configurations.
  5. When re-validating, everything is checked again as described in Step 1.
apparmor

Installation task: prepare.system.setup_apparmor

Can cause reboot: Yes, only on configurations change.

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, only on configurations change: /etc/apparmor.d, no backups.

OS specific: Yes, performs only on Ubuntu OS family.

All the AppArmor settings are specified in the services.kernel_security.apparmor section of the inventory.

Note: AppArmor configuration is possible only on nodes running Ubuntu or Debian operating system.

In the AppArmor section, you must declare the already existing AppArmor profiles, the state of which needs to be changed. It is not necessary to indicate all the available profiles - something that is not indicated is not affected. The profiles should be specified in a standard way using a path or name. It is possible to modify the following states:

  • enforce (default mode) - prohibits everything according to the profile settings.
  • complain - does not prohibit, but only displays violation warnings in the logs.
  • disable - disables and unloads security profile.

Note: The necessary profiles are installed and configured by themselves during the installation of packages and their activation manually is not required by default. However, if some profiles are missing for you, you need to preload them on all nodes yourself and launch the AppArmor task after that.

Example:

services:
  kernel_security:
    apparmor:
      enforce:
        - /etc/cron/daily/logrotate
        - /sbin/dhclient
        - nvidia_modprobe
      complain:
        - /usr/lib/postfix/smtp
        - man_filter
      disable:
        - /usr/bin/ping
        - /bin/netstat
        - man_groff

If you need to disable AppArmor, you cannot do this using KubeMarine. If you absolutely need it, you can uninstall AppArmor from the system through the package manager.

Note: After the installation of new repositories, the repodata is reloaded.

packages

package_manager

Installation task: prepare.package_manager.configure

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, /etc/yum.repos.d/ or /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ backup is presented.

OS specific: Yes, different defaults for different OS families.

Warning: This section is specific to different OS families. Ensure that you use the proper definition format for your OS distributive - it may differ from the presented examples in this document.

If your cluster is in a closed environment or if you need to add additional package manager repositories, you can specify them in the services.packages.package_manager section of inventory. The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Default value Description
replace-repositories false Deletes old repositories on hosts and installs new ones instead.
repositories List of new repositories.

In the repositories section, you need to specify new repositories to install. The contents of their configurations can be arbitrary and is directly forwarded into the yum repo files.

For example in CentOS:

services:
  packages:
    package_manager:
      replace-repositories: true
      repositories:
        kubernetes:
          name: "Kubernetes"
          enabled: 1
          gpgcheck: 0
          baseurl: "https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64"
        my_own_repo:
          name: "My repository"
          enabled: 1
          gpgcheck: 1
          baseurl: "https://example.com/repo"

For example in Ubuntu:

services:
  packages:
    package_manager:
      replace-repositories: true
      repositories:
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com/deb/ubuntu/ focal main restricted"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com/deb/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com/deb/ubuntu/ focal universe"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com//deb/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com//deb/ubuntu/ focal multiverse"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com/deb/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com/deb/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse"
        - "deb [arch=amd64 trusted=yes] http://example.com/deb/misc/docker-ce/debian/ buster stable"

Note: You cannot and do not need to specify repositories for different package managers. The package manager is detected automatically and the specified configuration should match it.

management

Installation task: prepare.package_manager.manage_packages

Can cause reboot: Yes, only when a list of installed packages changes.

Can restart service: No

OS specific: Yes, the necessary package manager is selected for different OS families.

mandatory

By default, the installer installs predefined list of mandatory packages from the package manager. The list of mandatory packages is the following:

  • conntrack
  • iptables
  • curl
  • openssl
  • unzip
  • semanage
  • kmod

Exact package names are detected automatically depending on the OS family of the cluster. For more information, see associations.

Warning: Make sure to have all the mandatory packages available in the repositories. You can configure the necessary repositories in the package_manager section of inventory.

Most of the mandatory packages are installed on all nodes with the following exceptions:

  • conntrack and iptables are installed only on control-plane and worker nodes.
  • unzip is installed only on nodes that require thirdparties that are packed in .zip archives. For more information, see unpack option in thirdparties.
  • semanage is installed only on RHEL nodes.

If you need to turn some mandatory packages off for some reason, this can be done in services.packages.mandatory section. For example:

services:
  packages:
    mandatory:
      conntrack: false
custom

If you need other custom packages, you can manage them directly during installation. You can choose any one action from the following types of actions:

  • remove
  • install
  • upgrade

All these actions are performed in a sequence as described above. You can specify only some types of actions or all at once. Short and full configuration formats are available.

Warning: Before you start working, ensure to check that you have all the necessary dependencies in the repositories you are using. You can configure the necessary repositories in the package_manager section of inventory.

Warning: This section is specific to different OS families. Ensure that you use the proper definition format for your OS distributive - it may differ from the presented examples in this document.

Warning: The packages in the install section are installed on all nodes.

The following is an example to install new packages:

services:
  packages:
    install:
      - ethtool
      - ebtables
      - socat

The following is an example to install, upgrade, and remove packages:

services:
  packages:
    remove:
      - socat
    install:
      - ebtables
    upgrade:
      - ethtool

The format of package definition is same as in the package manager. You can specify the exact version of package to install:

services:
  packages:
    install:
      - ebtables-2.0.*
      - ethtool-4.*

To update all packages, you can use an asterisk. For example:

services:
  packages:
    upgrade:
      - *

A more complex format is also available in which you can enable and exclude packages from processing:

services:
  packages:
    upgrade:
      include:
        - *
      exclude:
        - kernel
        - gluster

Warning: Be careful with managing packages, they directly affect the host operating system.

Warning: If changes in the installed packages list are detected, a reboot is scheduled.

associations

Installation task: No

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: No

OS specific: Yes, different defaults for different OS families.

Warning: This section is specific to different OS families. Ensure that you use the proper definition format for your OS distributive - it may differ from the presented examples in this document.

In the services.packages section, there is a services.packages.associations sub-section that allows you to configure predefined associations of package objects. It allows you to redefine the following knowledges:

  • executable_name
  • package_name
  • service_name
  • config_location

This setting is required to change the behavior of the installer such as to install a package with a different name, use the configuration file from the different path, and so on.

Note: Associations defaults automatically switches for different OS families. Do not worry about this; use those associations that are specific to your operating system in the common section - specify which one is not required in common cases.

The following associations are used by default:

RHEL and Centos
Subject Association key Association value
docker executable_name docker
package_name docker-ce-{{k8s-version-specific}}
docker-ce-cli-{{k8s-version-specific}}
containerd.io-{{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name docker
config_location /etc/docker/daemon.json
containerd executable_name containerd
package_name containerd.io-{{k8s-version-specific}}
podman-{{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name containerd
config_location /etc/containerd/config.toml
haproxy executable_name /opt/rh/rh-haproxy18/root/usr/sbin/haproxy
package_name rh-haproxy18-haproxy-{{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name rh-haproxy18-haproxy
config_location /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
keepalived executable_name keepalived
package_name keepalived-{{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name keepalived
config_location /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
audit executable_name auditctl
package_name auditd
service_name auditd
config_location /etc/audit/rules.d/predefined.rules
conntrack package_name conntrack-tools
iptables package_name iptables
openssl package_name openssl
curl package_name curl
unzip package_name unzip
kmod package_name kmod
semanage package_name policycoreutils-python
Ubuntu and Debian
Subject Association key Association value
docker executable_name docker
package_name docker-ce={{k8s-version-specific}}
docker-ce-cli={{k8s-version-specific}}
containerd.io={{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name docker
config_location /etc/docker/daemon.json
containerd executable_name containerd
package_name containerd={{k8s-version-specific}}
podman={{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name containerd
config_location /etc/containerd/config.toml
haproxy executable_name /usr/sbin/haproxy
package_name haproxy={{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name haproxy
config_location /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
keepalived executable_name keepalived
package_name keepalived={{k8s-version-specific}}
service_name keepalived
config_location /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
audit executable_name auditctl
package_name auditd
service_name auditd
config_location /etc/audit/rules.d/predefined.rules
conntrack package_name conntrack
iptables package_name iptables
openssl package_name openssl
curl package_name curl
unzip package_name unzip
kmod package_name kmod

Notes:

  • By default, the packages' versions are installed according to the Kubernetes version specified in the Supported versions section.
  • In the procedure for adding nodes, the package versions are taken from the current nodes to match the nodes in the cluster. For example, if containerd.io-1.6.4-1 is installed on the nodes of the cluster, this version is installed on the new node. This behavior can be changed by setting the cache_versions option to "false". The package versions are then used only with the template from the associations section. The option can be used both in global services.packages and in specific associations sections.

The following is an example of overriding docker associations:

services:
  packages:
    cache_versions: true
    associations:
      docker:
        cache_versions: false
        executable_name: 'docker'
        package_name:
          - docker-ce-19*
          - docker-ce-cli-19*
          - containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1*
        service_name: 'docker'
        config_location: '/etc/docker/daemon.json'

In case when you should redefine associations for multiple OS families at once, you should define their names in the root of associations in the following way:

services:
  packages:
    cache_versions: true
    associations:
      debian:
        haproxy:
          executable_name: '/usr/sbin/haproxy'
          package_name: haproxy=1.8.*
      rhel:
        haproxy:
          executable_name: '/opt/rh/rh-haproxy18/root/usr/sbin/haproxy'
          package_name: rh-haproxy18-haproxy-1.8*

Note: There are only 3 supported OS families: Debian, RHEL, and RHEL8 (for RHEL based version 8).

thirdparties

Installation task: prepare.thirdparties

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, backup is not presented

OS specific: No

The installer has a mechanism to automatically deliver files from third party sources and install them in the system. For example, using it is convenient to automatically download a certain file from a repository and place it in a specific place in the system. This is configured in the services.thirdparties section. The contents of this section are as follows:

  • The absolute destination path on the host system of the cluster is indicated as a key
  • A set of the following parameters is indicated as values:
Name Mandatory Default Value Description
source yes Source from where to upload the file to hosts. It can be an URL or an absolute path on the deployment node. For detailed description of this parameter, see Installation without Internet Resources.
sha1 no None SHA1 hash of the file. It is necessary in order to check with an existing file on the hosts and decide whether to download the file or not.
owner no root The owner who needs to be assigned to the file after downloading it.
mode no 700 The mode which needs to be assigned to the file after downloading it.
unpack no None Absolute path on hosts where to unpack the downloaded file. Unpacking is supported only for the following file extensions: .tar, .gz and .zip.
group no None The name of the group to whose hosts the file should be uploaded.
groups no None The list of group names to whose hosts the file should be uploaded.
node no None The name of node where the file should be uploaded.
nodes no None The list of node names where the file should be uploaded.
binary no true Specifies whether to treat the file as a binary or as a text. This is applicable, for example, for bash scripts. It is required to specify the property carefully in case of deploying from Windows deployer.

Warning: verify that you specified the path to the correct version of the thirdparty.

Note: Groups and nodes can be combined.

Note: If no groups and nodes are present, then the file is uploaded to control-planes and workers by default.

Note: If the file is already uploaded to hosts and its hash matches with the hash in the config, then the file is not downloaded again.

Note: The installation of the thirdparties sources that are required in the plugins are installed with the plugin. For more information, see thirdparty.

By default, the installer installs the following thirdparties with the following configuration:

services:
  thirdparties:
    /usr/bin/kubeadm:
      source: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{ services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion }}/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadm'
      sha1: e5cdfcda337a5c8d59035da9db0c2b02913271d1
    /usr/bin/kubelet:
      source: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{ services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion }}/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet'
      sha1: d6e92cdc09eab3e1c24c9c35fa79421a351f6ba8
    /usr/bin/kubectl:
      source: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{ services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion }}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl'
      sha1: f684dd035bd44e0899ab43ce2ad4aea0baf86c2e
      group: control-plane
    /usr/bin/calicoctl:
      source: 'https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/{{ plugins.calico.version }}/calicoctl-linux-amd64'
      sha1: bc6cc7869ebbb0e1799dfbe10795f680fba4321b
      group: control-plane
    # "crictl" is installed by default ONLY if "containerRuntime != docker", otherwise it is removed programmatically
    /usr/bin/crictl.tar.gz:
      source: 'https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/{{ globals.compatibility_map.software.crictl[services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion].version }}/crictl-{{ globals.compatibility_map.software.crictl[services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion].version }}-linux-amd64.tar.gz'
      sha1: '{{ globals.compatibility_map.software.crictl[services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion].sha1 }}'
      group: control-plane
      unpack: /usr/bin/

If necessary, you can redefine or add thirdparties. For example:

services:
  thirdparties:
    /usr/bin/kubeadm:
      source: https://example.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/v1.22.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadm

CRI

Installation task: prepare.cri

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: Always yes, docker or containerd

Overwrite files: Yes, by default /etc/docker/daemon.json or /etc/containerd/config.toml, /etc/crictl.yaml and /etc/containers/registries.conf, backup is created

OS specific: No

The services.cri section configures container runtime used for kubernetes. By default, the following parameters are used:

services:
  cri:
    containerRuntime: containerd
    containerdConfig:
      version: 2
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc:
        runtime_type: "io.containerd.runc.v2"
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options:
        SystemdCgroup: true
    dockerConfig:
      ipv6: False
      log-driver: json-file
      log-opts:
        max-size: 64m
        max-file: "3"
      exec-opts:
        - native.cgroupdriver=systemd
      icc: False
      live-restore: True
      userland-proxy: False

Note: default value of SystemdCgroup = true only in case, when cgroupDriver from kubelet config is equal to systemd.

The containerRuntime parameter configures a particular container runtime implementation used for kubernetes. The available values are docker and containerd. By default containerd is used.

When containerd is used as a container runtime, it is possible to additionally define the containerdConfig section, which contains the parameters passed to config.toml, for example:

services:
  cri:
    containerRuntime: containerd
    containerdConfig:
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri":
        sandbox_image: k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."artifactory.example.com:5443":
        endpoint:
        - https://artifactory.example.com:5443

When the registry requires an authentication, containerdConfig should be similar to the following:

services:
  cri:
    containerRuntime: containerd
    containerdConfig:
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."private-registry:5000".tls:
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."private-registry:5000".auth:
        auth: "bmMtdXNlcjperfr="
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."private-registry:5000":
        endpoint:
        - https://private-registry:5000

Where, auth: "bmMtdXNlcjperfr=" field is username:password string in base64 encoding.

Note how containerdConfig section reflects the toml format structure. For more details on containerd configuration, refer to the official containerd configuration file documentation at https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/cri/config.md. By default, the following parameters are used for containerdConfig:

services:
  cri:
    containerdConfig:
      version: 2
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc:
        runtime_type: "io.containerd.runc.v2"
      plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options:
        SystemdCgroup: true

Note: When containerd is used, crictl binary and podman package are also installed and configured as required.

Alternatively, it is possible to use docker as a container runtime for kubernetes by setting docker value for containerRuntime parameter. When docker is used as a container runtime, it is possible to additionally define the dockerConfig section, which contains the parameters passed to daemon.json, for example:

services:
  cri:
    containerRuntime: docker
    dockerConfig:
      insecure-registries:
        - artifactory.example.com:5443
      registry-mirrors:
        - https://artifactory.example.com:5443

For detailed description of the parameters, see Installation without Internet Resources. For more information about Docker daemon parameters, refer to the official docker configuration file documentation at https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/#daemon-configuration-file.

Note: After applying the parameters, the docker is restarted on all nodes in the cluster.

Note: Do not omit the containerRuntime parameter in cluster.yaml if you include dockerConfig or containerdConfig in cri section

modprobe

Installation task: prepare.system.modprobe

Can cause reboot: Yes, only when a list of kernel modules changes.

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, only when a list of kernel modules changes, /etc/modules-load.d/predefined.conf, backup is created

OS specific: No

The services.modprobe section manages Linux Kernel modules to be loaded in the host operating system. By default, the following modules are loaded:

Key Note
br_netfilter
ip6table_filter Only when IPv6 detected in node IP
nf_conntrack_ipv6 Only when IPv6 detected in node IP
nf_nat_masquerade_ipv6 Only when IPv6 detected in node IP
nf_reject_ipv6 Only when IPv6 detected in node IP
nf_defrag_ipv6 Only when IPv6 detected in node IP

If necessary, you can redefine or add List Merge Strategy to the standard list of Kernel modules to load. For example:

services:
  modprobe:
    - my_own_module1
    - my_own_module2

Warning: Be careful with these settings, they directly affect the hosts operating system.

Warning: If changes to the hosts modprobe configurations are detected, a reboot is scheduled. After the reboot, the new parameters are validated to match the expected configuration.

sysctl

Installation task: prepare.system.sysctl

Can cause reboot: Yes, only when list of Kernel parameters changes.

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, only when list of Kernel parameters changes: /etc/sysctl.d/98-kubemarine-sysctl.conf, backup is created

OS specific: No

The services.sysctl section manages the Linux Kernel parameters for all hosts in a cluster. By default, the following key-values are configured:

Key Value Note
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables 1 Presented only when IPv6 detected in node IP
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding 1 Presented only when IPv6 detected in node IP
net.ipv6.ip_nonlocal_bind 1 Presented only when IPv6 detected in node IP
kernel.panic 10
vm.overcommit_memory 1
kernel.panic_on_oops 1
kernel.pid_max calculated If this parameter is not explicitly indicated in the cluster.yaml, then this value is calculated by this formula: maxPods * podPidsLimit + 2048

Constant value equal to 2048 means the maximum number of processes that the system can require during run (only processes of the Linux virtual machine itself are implied). This value have been established empirically.

Note: You can also define the kernel.pid_max value by your own, but you need to be sure that it is at least greater than the result of the expression: maxPods * podPidsLimit + 2048. For more information about the podPidsLimit and maxPods values, refer to the kubeadm_kubelet section.

Warning: Also, in both the cases of calculation and manual setting of the pid_max value, the system displays a warning if the specified value is less than the system default value equal to 32768. If the pid_max value exceeds the maximum allowable value of 4194304, the installation is interrupted.

Note: Before Kubernetes 1.21 sysctl property net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet have been set automatically to 1 by Kubernetes, but now it setting by KubeMarine defaults. Kubernetes 1.21 Urgent Upgrade Notes.

You can specify your own parameters instead of the standard parameters. You need to specify the parameter key and its value. If the value is empty, the key is ignored. For example:

services:
  sysctl:
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables: 1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward: 0
    net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind: 0

Warning: Be careful with these settings, they directly affect the hosts operating system.

Warning: If the changes to the hosts sysctl configurations are detected, a reboot is scheduled. After the reboot, the new parameters are validated to match the expected configuration.

audit

Audit Kubernetes Policy

Installation task: prepare.system.audit.configure_policy

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: Always yes, container kube-apiserver.

OS specific: No.

Logging level: None - do not log; Metadata — log request metadata: user, request time, target resource (pod, namespace, etc.), action type (verb), etc.; Request — log metadata and request body; RequestResponse - log metadata, request body and response body.

omitStages: To skip any stages.

services:
  audit:
    cluster_policy:
      apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1
      kind: Policy
      # Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
      omitStages:
        - "RequestReceived"
      rules:
        # Don't log read-only requests
        - level: None
          verbs: ["watch", "get", "list"]
        # Log all other resources in core and extensions at the request level.
        - level: Metadata
          verbs: ["create", "update", "patch", "delete", "deletecollection"]
          resources:
          - group: ""
            resources:
            - configmaps
            - endpoints
            - limitranges
            - namespaces
            - nodes
            - persistentvolumeclaims
            - persistentvolumes
            - pods
            - replicationcontrollers
            - resourcequotas
            - secrets
            - serviceaccounts
            - services
          - group: "apiextensions.k8s.io"
            resources:
            - customresourcedefinitions
          - group: "apps"
            resources:
            - daemonsets
            - deployments
            - replicasets
            - statefulsets
          - group: "batch"
            resources:
            - cronjobs
            - jobs
          - group: "policy"
            resources:
            - podsecuritypolicies
          - group: "rbac.authorization.k8s.io"
            resources:
            - clusterrolebindings
            - clusterroles
            - rolebindings
            - roles
          - group: "autoscaling"
            resources:
            - horizontalpodautoscalers
          - group: "storage.k8s.io"
            resources:
            - storageclasses
            - volumeattachments
          - group: "networking.k8s.io"
            resources:
            - ingresses
            - ingressclasses
            - networkpolicies
          - group: "authentication.k8s.io"
            resources: ["tokenreviews"]
          - group: "authorization.k8s.io"
Audit Daemon

Installation tasks:

  • prepare.system.audit.install
  • prepare.system.audit.configure_daemon

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: Always yes, auditd.

OS specific: No

services:
  audit:
    rules:
      - -w /var/lib/docker -k docker
      - -w /etc/docker -k docker
      - -w /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service -k docker
      - -w /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.socket -k docker
      - -w /etc/default/docker -k docker
      - -w /etc/docker/daemon.json -k docker
      - -w /usr/bin/containerd -k docker
      - -w /usr/sbin/runc -k docker
      - -w /usr/bin/dockerd -k docker

Except -w /usr/bin/containerd -k docker, all the other rules are applied only when the docker container runtime is used.

ntp

This is a common section for chrony and timesyncd properties.

For Kubernetes and ETCD to work correctly, it is recommended to configure the system time synchronization on all nodes of the cluster. However, this is optional and you can do it at your own discretion.

chrony

Installation task: prepare.ntp.chrony

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: Always yes, chronyd

Overwrite files: Yes, /etc/chrony.conf, backup is created

OS specific: Yes, performs only on the RHEL OS family.

Warning: incorrect time synchronization can lead to incorrect operation of the cluster or services. You can validate the time synchronization via the Time difference test between the nodes from PAAS Check procedure.

To synchronize the system time, you must make a list of NTP servers. All servers must be accessible from any node of the cluster. The list should be indicated in the chrony section of the services.ntp section config file. In addition to the NTP server address, you can specify any additional configurations in the same line.

The following parameters are supported:

Name Mandatory Type Default value Description
servers yes list NTP servers addresses with additional configurations.
makestep no string 5 -1 Step the system clock if large correction is needed.
rtcsync no boolean True Specify that RTC should be automatically synchronized by kernel.

For more information about Chrony configuration, refer to the official documentation at https://chrony.tuxfamily.org/documentation.html.

The following is a configuration example:

services:
  ntp:
    chrony:
      servers:
        - ntp1.example.com iburst
        - ntp2.example.com iburst

An example is also available in Full Inventory Example.

Synchronization is configured with the prepare.ntp.chrony task. The task performs the following:

  • Generates the chrony.conf file and uploads it to the /etc/chrony directory on all cluster hosts. If dumping is enabled, the config dump is saved.
  • Restarts the chronyd.service service
  • Checks if the synchronization is done by the first host of the cluster. Leap status should become normal.

If the configuration services.ntp.chrony.servers is absent, then the task prepare.ntp.chrony in the installation is skipped.

timesyncd

Installation task: prepare.ntp.timesyncd

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: Always yes, systemd-timesyncd.

Overwrite files: Yes, /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf, backup is created.

OS specific: Yes, performs only on Debian OS family.

Warning: incorrect time synchronization can lead to incorrect operation of the cluster or services. You can validate the time synchronization via the Time difference test between the nodes from PAAS Check procedure.

To synchronize the system time, you must make a list of NTP servers. All servers must be accessible from any node of the cluster. The list should be indicated in the timesyncd.Time.NTP parameter of the services.ntp section config file. In addition to the NTP server address, you can specify any additional configurations in the same line.

The following parameters are supported:

Name Mandatory Type Default value Description
NTP yes list NTP servers addresses.
FallbackNTP no list Backup NTP servers addresses when NTP servers are unavailable.
RootDistanceMaxSec no int 5 Step the system clock if large correction is needed.
PollIntervalMinSec no int 32 The minimal poll interval.
PollIntervalMaxSec no int 2048 The maximum poll interval.

The following is a configuration example:

services:
  ntp:
    timesyncd:
      Time:
        NTP:
          - ntp1.example.com
          - ntp2.example.com

Synchronization is configured with the prepare.ntp.timesyncd task. The task performs the following:

  • Generates the timesyncd.conf file and uploads it to the /etc/systemd/ directory on all cluster hosts. If dumping is enabled, the config dump is saved.
  • Restarts the systemd-timesyncd service.
  • Checks if the synchronization is done by the first host of the cluster. The leap status should become normal.

If the configuration services.ntp.timesyncd.servers is absent, then the task prepare.ntp.timesyncd in the installation is skipped.

resolv.conf

Installation task: prepare.dns.resolv_conf

Can cause reboot: No

Can restart service: No

Overwrite files: Yes, /etc/resolv.conf, backup is created

OS specific: No

The services.resolv.conf section allows you to configure the nameserver addresses to which cluster systems has access. By default, this section is empty in the inventory. The following parameters are supported:

Name Type Description
search string The domain name to search
nameservers list The DNS servers for usage in the OS

Note:

  • If some network resources are located in a restricted network and are not resolved through the standard DNS, be sure to configure this section and specify your custom DNS service.
  • Do not put ${cluster_name} in the search field, otherwise some microservices might work incorrectly.

For example:

services:
  resolv.conf:
    search: default
    nameservers:
      - 1.1.1.1
      - 1.0.0.1
      - 2606:4700:4700::1111
      - 2606:4700:4700::1001

etc_hosts

Installation task: prepare.dns.etc_hosts

Can cause reboot: no

Can restart service: no

Overwrite files: Yes, /etc/hosts, backup is created

OS specific: No

The installation procedure has a task that generates and applies /etc/hosts configuration file on all nodes presented in the cluster.

Warning: This task overwrites the existing original /etc/hosts file records on all hosts. If you need to save these records, manually move them into inventory file to serives.etc_hosts section.

By default, the generated file contains the following address associations:

  • Localhost for IPv4 and IPv6
  • Internal control-plain address as control-plain and FQDN name
  • Balancers, control-planes, workers names and theirs FQDNs

In order to setup your custom address, you need to specify the IP-address as the key and DNS-name as the list item. Example:

services:
  etc_hosts:
    1.1.1.1:
      - example.com

Example of generated file:

127.0.0.1        localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost.localdomain4
::1              localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
1.1.1.1          example.com
100.100.100.101  k8s-stack.example.com control-plain balancer-1.k8s-stack.sdntest.example.com balancer-1
100.100.100.102  control-plane-1.k8s-stack.example.com control-plane-1
100.100.100.103  control-plane-2.k8s-stack.example.com control-plane-2
100.100.100.104  control-plane-3.k8s-stack.example.com control-plane-3
100.100.100.105  worker-1.k8s-stack.example.com worker-1
100.100.100.106  worker-2.k8s-stack.example.com worker-2
100.100.100.107  worker-3.k8s-stack.example.com worker-3

You can specify multiple addresses at once, for example:

services:
  etc_hosts:
    1.1.1.1:
      - example.com
      - demo.example.com

This generates the following result:

...
1.1.1.1          example.com demo.example.com
...

Records can be merged with defaults. You can specify additional names to the required addresses in the usual way, for example:

services:
  etc_hosts:
    127.0.0.1:
      - example.com

This produces the following result:

127.0.0.1        localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost.localdomain4 example.com
...

coredns

coredns parameter configures the Coredns service and its DNS rules in the Kubernetes cluster. It is divided into the following sections:

configmap

This section contains the Configmap parameters that are applied to the Coredns service. By default the following configs are used:

  • Corefile - The main Coredns config, which is converted into a template in accordance with the specified parameters.
  • Hosts - Hosts file obtained in accordance with etc_hosts inventory parameter. The contents of this file are automatically added to the inventory, if not specified manually.

Before working with the Corefile, refer to the official Coredns plugins documentation at https://coredns.io/plugins/.

The Corefile consists of the settings applied for a specific destination. By default, all settings are applied for .:53 destination. For example:

services:
  coredns:
    configmap:
      Corefile:
        '.:53':
          errors: True
          rewrite: # Not used by default, intended for GEO distributed scheme
            default:
              priority: 1
              type: stop
              data:
                name:
                - regex
                - (.*)\.cluster-1\.local {1}.cluster.local
                answer:
                - name
                - (.*)\.cluster\.local {1}.cluster-1.local

The following settings are supported:

Parameter Type
 Default value Description
errors boolean True Any errors encountered during the query processing are printed to standard output. The errors of a particular type can be consolidated and printed once per a period of time
health boolean True Enabled process wide health endpoint. When CoreDNS is up and running, this returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. The health is exported, by default, on port 8080/health.
ready boolean True By enabling ready, an HTTP endpoint on port 8181 returns 200 OK when all plugins that are able to signal readiness have done so. If some are not ready, the endpoint still returns a 503 with the body containing the list of plugins that are not ready. Once a plugin has signaled that it is ready, it is not queried again.
prometheus string :9153 With Prometheus, you export metrics from the CoreDNS and any plugin that has them. The metrics path is fixed to /metrics
cache integer 30 With cache enabled, all records except zone transfers and metadata records are cached according to the ttl value set
loop boolean True The loop plugin sends a random probe query and keeps a track of how many it is viewed. If it is viewed more than twice, assume that CoreDNS has seen a forwarding loop and halt the process.
reload boolean True This plugin allows automatic reload of a changed Corefile.
loadbalance boolean
 True The loadbalance acts as a round-robin DNS load balancer by randomizing the order of A, AAAA, and MX records in the answer.
rewrite dict Not provided The rewrite could be used for rewriting different parts of DNS questions and answers. By default, it is not used, but it is required to use rewrite plugin in DR schema.
hosts dict /etc/coredns/Hosts The hosts plugin is useful for serving zones from a /etc/hosts like file. It serves from a preloaded file, which is applied from ConfigMap during the installation.
forward list - .
- /etc/resolv.conf		 The forward plugin re-uses already opened sockets to the upstreams. It supports UDP, TCP, and DNS-over-TLS. It is used in band health checking.
kubernetes dict This plugin implements the Kubernetes DNS-Based Service Discovery Specification. Refer the following sections for more details.
template dict The template plugin allows you to dynamically respond to queries by just writing a template. Refer the following sections for more details.

Note:

  • All settings have their own priority. They are generated in the priority they are in the above table. Their priority cannot be changed.
  • DNS resolving is done according to the hardcoded plugin chain. This specifies that a query goes through template, then through hosts, then through kubernetes, and then through forward. By default, Corefile contains the template setting, which resolves all names like *.{{ cluster_name }} in the vIP address. Hence despite entries in Hosts, such names are resolved in the vIP address.
  • You can set any setting parameter to False to disable it, no matter what type it is.
  • It is possible to specify other Corefile settings in an inventory-like format. However, this is risky since the settings have not been tested with the generator. All non-supported settings have a lower priority.

Warning: It is strongly discouraged to change the configuration of the CoreDNS manually, if you need to change the configuration, you must reflect them in the cluster.yaml and call the installation procedure with --tasks="deploy.coredns" argument. This will help keep the cluster configuration consistent.

deployment

This section contains YAML settings that are applied to Coredns service via a patch. By default, this section contains the following data:

services:
  coredns:
    deployment:
      spec:
        template:
          spec:
            volumes:
            - configMap:
                defaultMode: 420
                items:
                - key: Corefile
                  path: Corefile
                - key: Hosts
                  path: Hosts
                name: coredns
              name: config-volume

However, it is possible to add or modify any deployment parameters of the inventory in accordance with the Kubernetes patching syntax.

loadbalancer

loadbalancer configures the balancers for the Kubernetes cluster. Currently, only the Haproxy configuration can be customized.

haproxy

This section describes the configuration parameters that are applied to the haproxy.cfg config file, and also some Kubemarine related parameters. By default, the following configuration is used:

services:
  loadbalancer:
    haproxy:
      defaults:
        timeout_connect: '10s'
        timeout_client: '1m'
        timeout_server: '1m'
        timeout_tunnel: '60m'
        timeout_client_fin: '1m'
        maxconn: 10000
      keep_configs_updated: True

These settings can be overrided in the cluster.yaml. Currently, the following settings of haproxy.cfg are supported:

Parameter Type
 Default value Description
defaults.timeout_connect string 10s "timeout connect". Set the maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed.
defaults.timeout_client string 1m "timeout client". Set the maximum inactivity time on the client side.
defaults.timeout_server string 1m "timeout server". Set the maximum inactivity time on the server side.
defaults.timeout_tunnel string 60m "timeout tunnel". Set the maximum inactivity time on the client and server sides for tunnels.
defaults.timeout_client_fin string 1m "timeout client-fin". Set the inactivity timeout on the client side for half-closed connections.
defaults.maxconn integer 10000 "maxconn". Limits the sockets to this number of concurrent connections.
keep_configs_updated boolean True Allows Kubemarine update haproxy configs every time, when cluster (re)installed or it's schema updated (added/removed nodes)
config string Custom haproxy config value to be used instead of the default one.
config_file string Path to the Jinja-template file with custom haproxy config to be used instead of the default one.
maintenance_mode boolean False Enable maintenance config for HAproxy
mntc_config_location string /etc/haproxy/haproxy_mntc.cfg Maintenance config flie location

For more information on Haproxy-related parameters, refer to the official Haproxy documentation at https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/configuration.txt.

Note: you can use either config or config_file if you need to use custom config instead of default.

Parameter config_file allows to specify path to Jinja-compiled template. Example:

services:
  loadbalancer:
    haproxy:
      keep_configs_updated: True
      config_file: '/root/my_haproxy_config.cfg.j2'

This parameter use the following context options for template rendering:

  • nodes
  • bindings
  • config_options

As an example of a template, you can look at default template.

maintenance mode

The KubeMarine supports maintenance mode for HAproxy balancer. HAproxy balancer has additional configuration file for that purpose. The following configuration enable maintenance mode for balancer:

services:
  loadbalancer:
    haproxy:
      maintenance_mode: True
      mntc_config_location: '/etc/haproxy/haproxy_mntc_v1.cfg'

RBAC Admission

Installation task: deploy.admission

There are two options for admissions: psp and pss. PodSecurityPolicy (PSP) is being deprecated in Kubernetes 1.21 and will be removed in Kubernetes 1.25. Kubernetes 1.23 supports Pod Security Standards (PSS) that are implemented as a feature gate of kube-apiserver. Since Kubernetes v1.25 doesn't support PSP, installation and maintenance procedures assume the cluster.yaml includes admission: pss explicitly.

rbac:
  admission: psp

Admission psp

Pod security policies enable fine-grained authorization of pod creation and updates. Pod security policies are enforced by enabling the admission controller. By default, admission controller is enabled during installation.

To configure pod security policies it is required to provide cluster-level policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy resource that controls security sensitive aspects of the pod specification. If controller is enabled and no policies are provided, then the system does not allow deployment of new pods. Several OOB policies are provided and by default they are enabled during installation. It is also possible to specify custom policies to be applied during installation.

Configuration format for psp section is as follows:

rbac:
  admission: psp
  psp:
    pod-security: enabled
    oob-policies:
      default: enabled
      host-network: enabled
      anyuid: enabled
    custom-policies:
      psp-list: []
      roles-list: []
      bindings-list: []

Configuring Admission Controller

Admission controller is enabled by default during installation. It is possible to disable admission controller installation to fully disable pod security policy enforcement. In this case no OOB or custom policies are installed. To disable admission controller:

rbac:
  admission: psp
  psp:
    pod-security: disabled

Note:

  • Disabling admission controller is not recommended.
  • On existing cluster it is possible to enable/disable admission controller using the manage_psp maintenance procedure.

Configuring OOB Policies

The following policies are provided and enabled out of the box:

Policy namePSP, CR, CRB namesUse case
privileged
  • oob-privileged-psp
  • oob-privileged-psp-cr
  • oob-privileged-psp-crb
 Used for pods which require full privileges, for example kube-system pods
default
  • oob-default-psp
  • oob-default-psp-cr
  • oob-default-psp-crb
 Used for authenticated group, enforces unauthorized users to deploy pods with severe restrictions
anyuid
  • oob-anyuid-psp
  • oob-anyuid-psp-cr
 Used for pods which require root privileges
host-network
  • oob-host-network-psp
  • oob-host-network-psp-cr
 Used for pods which require host network access

The OOB policies are not installed if admission controller is disabled. You can manually disable a particular OOB policy during installation, except privileged policy.

For example, to disable host-network OOB policy:

rbac:
  admission: psp
  psp:
    oob-policies:
      host-network: disabled

Note:

  • Disabling OOB policies is not recommended.
  • PodSecurityPolicy (PSP) resources included in different OOB policies are used by different OOB plugins, so disabling any OOB policy may lead to issues with some OOB plugins. If you are using OOB plugins then you should provide custom PSPs in place of disabled OOB PSPs and bind them using ClusterRoleBinding to particular plugin ServiceAccout.
  • It is possible to reconfigure OOB policies on an existing cluster using the manage_psp maintenance procedure.

Configuring Custom Policies

You can install custom policies during cluster installation. For example, to install custom "most restricted" policy for authenticated group:

rbac:
  admission: psp
  psp:
    custom-policies:
      psp-list:
      - apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
        kind: PodSecurityPolicy
        metadata:
          name: most-restricted-psp
          annotations:
            seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: 'docker/default,runtime/default'
            seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName:  'runtime/default'
        spec:
          privileged: false
          # Allow core volume types.
          hostPID: false
          hostIPC: false
          hostNetwork: false
          volumes:
            - 'configMap'
            - 'emptyDir'
            - 'projected'
            - 'secret'
            - 'downwardAPI'
            - 'persistentVolumeClaim'
          fsGroup:
            rule: 'MustRunAs'
            ranges:
              - min: 1
                max: 65535
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsUser:
            rule: 'MustRunAsNonRoot'
          supplementalGroups:
            rule: 'MustRunAs'
            ranges:
              - min: 1
                max: 65535
          runAsGroup:
            rule: 'MustRunAs'
            ranges:
              - min: 1
                max: 65535
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          seLinux:
            rule: 'RunAsAny'
          requiredDropCapabilities:
            - ALL
      roles-list:
      - apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
        kind: ClusterRole
        metadata:
          name: most-restricted-psp-cr
        rules:
          - apiGroups: ['policy']
            resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
            verbs:     ['use']
            resourceNames:
              - most-restricted-psp
      bindings-list:
      - kind: ClusterRoleBinding
        apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
        metadata:
          name: most-restricted-psp-crb
        roleRef:
          kind: ClusterRole
          name: most-restricted-psp-cr
          apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
        subjects:
          - kind: ServiceAccount
            # it is possible to bind to non-existing SA in non-existing namespace
            name: sa-name
            namespace: sa-namespace

Note:

  • Any of these lists can be empty.
  • If the list is not empty, then all the resources should align with list type. For example, the psp-list can only have resources with kind: PodSecurityPolicy.
  • The custom policies should not have 'oob-' prefix.
  • To manage custom policies on an existing cluster use the manage_psp maintenance procedure.

Admission pss

Pod Security Standards (PSS) are the replacement for Pod Security Policies (PSP). Originally PSS assumes only three levels (or profiles) of policies. The profiles are the following:

  • Privileged - Unrestricted policy, providing the widest possible level of permissions. This policy allows for known privilege escalations.
  • Baseline - Minimally restrictive policy which prevents known privilege escalations. Allows the default (minimally specified) Pod configuration.
  • Restricted - Heavily restricted policy, following current Pod hardening best practices.

There are plenty of rules that included in baseline and restricted profiles. For more information, refer to Pod Security Standards.

Note:

  • PSS are supported for Kubernetes versions higher than 1.23.
  • To enable PSS, define admission: pss explicitly in cluster.yaml:
rbac:
  admission: pss

Configuring Default Profiles

The following configuration is default for PSS:

rbac:
  admission: pss
  pss:
    pod-security: enabled
    defaults:
      enforce: baseline
      enforce-version: latest
      audit: baseline
      audit-version: latest
      warn: baseline
      warn-version: latest
    exemptions:
      usernames: []
      runtimeClasses: []
      namespaces: ["kube-system"]

There are three parts of PSS configuration.

  • pod-security enables or disables the PSS installation
  • default profile is described in the defaults section and enforce defines the policy standard that enforces the pods
  • exemptions describes exemptions from default rules

The PSS enabling requires special labels for plugin namespaces such as nginx-ingress-controller, haproxy-ingress-controller, kubernetes-dashboard, and local-path-provisioner. For instance:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: latest
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: privileged
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version: latest
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: privileged
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version: latest

In case of enabling predefined plugins the labels will be set during the installation procedure automatically.

Warnings: Pay attention to the fact that for Kubernetes versions higher than v1.23 the PSS option implicitly enabled by default in kube-apiserver Feature Gates. Therefor PSS labels on namespaces shouldn't be set even if you Kubernetes cluster is deployed without PSS enabled.

Configuring Exemptions

The exemption section describes objects that are not enforced by the policy. It is possible to define User or ServiceAccount in the username section. For example, ("system:serviceaccount:my-ns:myadmin" - it is a serviceAccount, "myuser" - it is a user):

...
    exemptions:
      usernames: ["system:serviceaccount:my-ns:myadmin", "myuser"]

In this case, kube-apiserver does not enforce the default policy to any pods that are created by myuser or myadmin.

The default configuration does not enforce the default policy to any of the pods in the kube-system namespace.

...
    exemptions:
      namespaces: ["kube-system"]

Do not change the namespaces exemption list without strong necessary. In any case check our maintenance guide before any implementation.

Application prerequisites

In case of using PSS the application that installed in Kubernetes cluster should be matched with PSS profiles (privileged, baseline, restricted). Those profiles may be set by labeling the namespace so as it described above for predefined plugins. Moreover the application should be compatible with PSS. The restricted profile requires the following section in pod description:

...
securityContext: 
  runAsNonRoot: true
  seccompProfile: 
    type: "RuntimeDefault"
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  capabilities: 
    drop: ["ALL"]
...

RBAC Accounts

Installation task: deploy.accounts

In the deploy.accounts section, you can specify the account creation settings after the cluster is installed.

RBAC account_defaults

In this section, you can describe any parameters that needs to be applied by default to each record in the RBAC accounts section. It works the same way as node_defaults.

The default settings for account_defaults are as follows:

rbac:
  account_defaults:
    namespace: kube-system
    configs:
      - apiVersion: v1
        kind: ServiceAccount
        metadata: {}
      - apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
        kind: ClusterRoleBinding
        metadata: {}
        roleRef:
          apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
          kind: ClusterRole
        subjects:
          - kind: ServiceAccount
      - apiVersion: v1
        kind: Secret
        metadata:
          annotations: {}
        type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

The yaml file that is created from the above template is applied to the cluster during the installation procedure.

Note: The Secret section works only for Kubernetes v1.24. It is excluded for Kubernetes v1.23 and lower versions.

Plugins

Installation task: deploy.plugins

In the plugins section, you can configure the parameters of plugins, as well as register your own plugins. Plugins are installed during the deploy.plugins task. If you skip the plugin installation task, no plugins are installed.

Predefined Plugins

When you want to install a plugin, the installer includes pre-configured plug-in configurations. The following plugins are available for installation out of the box:

Note: It is not possible to install multiple plugins of the same type at the same time.

calico

Before proceeding, refer to the Official Documentation of the Kubernetes Cluster Network.

Calico plugin is installed by default and does not require any special enablement or configuration. However it is possible to explicitly enable or disable the installation of this plugin through the install plugin parameter.

The following is an example to enable the calico plugin:

plugins:
  calico:
    install: true

The following is an example to disable the calico plugin:

plugins:
  calico:
    install: false

After applying the plugin configurations, the plugin installation procedure waits for the following pods to be in the Running state:

  • coredns
  • calico-kube-controllers
  • calico-node

If the pods do not have time to start at a specific timeout, then the plugin configuration is incorrect. In this case, the installation is aborted.

By default, no additional settings are required for the plugin. However, you can change the default settings. To do this, in the plugins section of the config file, specify the calico plugin section and list all the necessary parameters and their values in it. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    install: true
    mtu: 1400
    typha:
      enabled: true
      nodeSelector:
        region: infra
    node:
      image: calico/node:v3.10.1
    env:
      FELIX_USAGEREPORTINGENABLED: true

An example is also available in Full Inventory Example.

Calico BGP Configuration

By default, calico is installed with "full mesh" BGP topology, that is, every node has BGP peering with all other nodes in the cluster. If the cluster size is more than 50 nodes it is recommended to use the BGP configuration with route reflectors instead of full mesh. You also have to change calico BGP configuration if you are using DR schema.

Note: change BGP topology is possible for calico v3.20.1 or higher.

To enable route reflector and/or DR topology during installation the next steps are required:

  1. Choose the nodes to be route reflectors and add the label route-reflector: True to their description in the cluster.yaml. It is recommended to use control-plane nodes for route reflectors, but not necessarily.

  2. Add required parameters in the calico plugin section:

plugins:
  calico:
    fullmesh: false            # Full mesh will not be used, RRs will be used instead
    announceServices: true     # ClusterIP services CIDR will be announced through BGP
    defaultAsNumber: 65200     # AS Number will be 65200 for all nodes by default
    globalBgpPeers:            # Additional global BGP Peer(s) will be configured with given IP and AS Number
    - ip: 192.168.17.1
      as: 65200

It is also possible to change BGP topology at the running cluster.

Warning: short downtime is possible during BGP peering sessions reestablishing.

To switch from "full mesh" to "route reflector" topology:

  • add the label route-reflector: True to the route reflector nodes manually:
$ kubectl label node <NODENAME> route-reflector=True
  • add fullmesh: false parameter to the calico plugin section in the cluster.yaml
  • run kubemarine install with the deploy.plugins task only. Other plugins should have install: false in the cluster.yaml at this step.

Note: for the topology with route reflectors the predefined value routeReflectorClusterID=244.0.0.1 is used.

To switch from "route reflector" to "full mesh" topology:

  • change fullmesh parameter value to true in the calico plugin section in the cluster.yaml (it also may be removed so the default value of fullmesh is being used)
  • run kubemarine install with the deploy.plugins task only. Other plugins should have install: false in the cluster.yaml at this step
  • remove the labels route-reflector: true from the route reflector nodes manually:
$ kubectl label node <NODENAME> route-reflector-

If necessary, remove route-reflector label from the cluster.yaml as well.

Warning: For correct network communication, it is important to set the correct MTU value (For example in case ipip mode it should be 20 bytes less than MTU NIC size), see more details in Troubleshooting Guide.

Note: If the cluster size is more than 3 nodes, Calico Typha daemon is enabled by default and number of its replicas is incremented with every 50 nodes. This behavior can be overridden with cluster.yaml.

The plugin configuration supports the following parameters:

Name Type Default Value Value Rules Description
mode string ipip ipip / vxlan Network protocol to be used in network plugin
crossSubnet boolean true true/false Enables crossing subnet boundaries to improve network performance
mtu int 1440 MTU size on interface - 50 MTU size for Calico interface
fullmesh boolean true true/false Enable of disable full mesh BGP topology
announceServices boolean false true/false Enable announces of ClusterIP services CIDR through BGP
defaultAsNumber int 64512 AS Number to be used by default for this cluster
globalBgpPeers list [] list of (IP,AS) pairs List of global BGP Peer (IP,AS) values
typha.enabled boolean true or false If nodes < 4 then false else true Enables the Typha Daemon
typha.replicas int {{ (((nodes|length)/50) + 2) | round(1) }} Starts from 2 replicas amd increments for every 50 nodes Number of Typha running replicas
typha.image string calico/typha:{calico.version} Should contain both image name and version Calico Typha image
typha.tolerations list Default Typha Tolerations list of tolerations Additional custom tolerations for calico-typha pods
cni.image string calico/cni:{calico.version} Should contain both image name and version Calico CNI image
node.image string calico/node:{calico.version} Should contain both image name and version Calico Node image
kube-controllers.image string calico/kube-controllers:{calico.version} Should contain both image name and version Calico Kube Controllers image
flexvol.image string calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:{calico.version} Should contain both image name and version Calico Flexvol image
Default Typha Tolerations
- key: CriticalAddonsOnly
  operator: Exists
- key: node.kubernetes.io/network-unavailable
  effect: NoSchedule
- key: node.kubernetes.io/network-unavailable
  effect: NoExecute

Note: The CriticalAddonsOnly toleration key inherits from Calico manifest YAML, whereas the rest of toleration keys are represented by KubeMarine itself.

Calico Environment Properties

It is possible to change the default Calico environment properties. To do that, it is required to specify a key-value in the env section in the calico plugin definition. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    env:
      WAIT_FOR_DATASTORE: false
      FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION: DENY

Note: In case of you use IPv6 you have to define CALICO_ROUTER_ID with value hash in env section. This uses a hash of the configured nodename for the router ID.

For more information about the supported Calico environment variables, refer to the official Calico documentation at https://docs.projectcalico.org/reference/node/configuration.

flannel

Before proceeding, refer to the Official Documentation of the Kubernetes Cluster Network.

Warning: This plugin is experimental. It is not recommended to use it in production.

Flannel plugin is not installed by default. However, it is possible to explicitly enable or disable the installation of this plugin through the install plugin parameter.

The following is an example to enable the plugin:

plugins:
  flannel:
    install: true

If you explicitly enable Flannel plugin and do not enable Calico plugin, then only Flannel plugin is installed, and Calico plugin is not installed by default.

After applying the plugin configurations, the plugin installation procedure waits for the following pods to be in the Running state:

  • coredns
  • kube-flannel-ds-amd64

If the pods do not have time to start at a specific timeout, then the plugin configuration is incorrect. In this case, the installation is aborted.

By default, no additional settings are required for the plugin. However, you can change the default settings. To do this, in the plugins section of the config file, specify the flannel plugin section and list all the necessary parameters and their values ​​in it. For example:

plugins:
  flannel:
    install: true
    image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

An example is also available in Full Inventory Example.

The plugin configuration supports the image parameter. The image parameter specifies the string for the Flannel image. The default value is quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64.

nginx-ingress-controller

Before proceeding, refer to the Official Documentation of the Kubernetes Ingress Controllers and visit official Nginx Ingress Controller repository.

NGINX Ingress Controller plugin is installed by default and does not require any special enablement or configuration. However, you can explicitly enable or disable the installation of this plugin through the install plugin parameter.

The following is an example to enable the plugin:

plugins:
  nginx-ingress-controller:
    install: true

The following is an example to disable the plugin:

plugins:
  nginx-ingress-controller:
    install: false

After applying the plugin configurations, the plugin installation procedure waits for the nginx-ingress-controller pod to be in the Running state.

If the pods do not have time to start at a specific timeout, then the plugin configuration is incorrect. In this case, the installation is aborted.

By default, no additional settings are required for the plugin. However, you can change the default settings. To do this, in the plugins section of the config file, specify the nginx-ingress-controller plugin section and list all the necessary parameters and their values ​​in it. For example:

plugins:
  nginx-ingress-controller:
    install: true
    controller:
      image: k8s-artifacts-prod/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.34.1

An example is also available in Full Inventory Example.

The plugin configuration supports the following parameters:

  • The controller.image parameter specifies the string for the NGINX Ingress Controller image.

  • The controller.ssl.enableSslPassthrough parameter is used to enable the ssl-passthrough feature. The default value is false. Note: Enabling this feature introduces a small performance penalty.

  • The controller.ssl.default-certificate parameter is used to configure a custom default certificate for ingress resources. The certificate and key are provided using one of the following two formats:

    • The controller.ssl.default-certificate.data format is used to provide a certificate and a key inplace in the pem format:

        nginx-ingress-controller:
  controller:
    ssl:
      default-certificate:
        data:
          cert: |
            -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
            ... (skipped) ...
            -----END CERTIFICATE-----
          key: |
            -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
            ... (skipped) ...
            -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

    • The controller.ssl.default-certificate.paths format is used to provide a certificate and a key as paths to the pem files:

        nginx-ingress-controller:
  controller:
    ssl:
      default-certificate:
        paths:
          cert: /path/to/cert
          key: /path/to/key

  • The config_map parameter is used to customize or fine tune NGINX behavior. Before proceeding, refer to the Official NGINX Ingress Controller documentation For example:

  nginx-ingress-controller:
    config_map:
      server-tokens: "False"

For example:

  nginx-ingress-controller:
    custom_headers:
      Expect: $http_expect
      X-Different-Name: "true"
      X-Request-Start: t=${msec}
      X-Using-Nginx-Controller: "true"
monitoring

By default 10254 port is opened and provides Prometheus metrics.

haproxy-ingress-controller

Before proceeding, refer to the Official Documentation of the Kubernetes Ingress Controllers and visit official HAProxy Ingress Controller repository.

Warning: This plugin is experimental. It is not recommended to use it in production.

HAProxy Ingress Controller plugin is not installed by default. However, you can explicitly enable or disable the installation of this plugin through the install plugin parameter.

The following is an example to enable the plugin:

plugins:
  haproxy-ingress-controller:
    install: true

If you explicitly enable HAProxy Ingress Controller plugin, but do not enable NGINX Ingress Controller plugin, then only HAProxy plugin is installed, and NGINX plugin is not installed by default.

After applying the plugin configurations, the plugin installation procedure waits for haproxy-ingress pod to be in the Running state.

If the pods do not have time to start at a specific timeout, then the plugin configuration is incorrect. In this case, the installation is aborted.

By default, no additional settings are required for the plugin. However, you can change the default settings. To do this, in the plugins section of the config file, specify the haproxy-ingress-controller plugin section and list all the necessary parameters and their values ​​in it. For example:

plugins:
  flannel:
    install: true
    controller:
      image: haproxytech/kubernetes-ingress:1.2.7
    backend:
      image: k8s.gcr.io/defaultbackend:1.0

An example is also available in Full Inventory Example.

The plugin configuration supports the following parameters:

Name Type Default Value Value Rules Description
controller.image string haproxytech/kubernetes-ingress:1.2.7 HAProxy Ingress Controller image
backend.image string k8s.gcr.io/defaultbackend:1.0 Default Backend image for HAProxy Ingress Controller
kubernetes-dashboard

Before proceeding, refer to the Official Documentation of the Kubernetes Dashboard UI and visit official Kubernetes Dashboard repository.

By default, the Kubernetes dashboard is not installed, as it is not a mandatory part of the cluster. However, you can install it by enabling the plugin.

The following is an example to enable dashboard plugin:

plugins:
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    install: true

Note: By default Kubernetes dashboard is available at dashboard.{{ cluster_name }}.

Note: The Kubernetes Dashboards UI is available only via HTTPS.

If you enable the plugin, all other parameters are applied by default. The following is a list of supported parameters:

Name Default value Description
hostname 
dashboard.{{ cluster_name }}
 Address on which the Kubernetes Dashboard UI is located. Actually an alias for 
ingress.spec
dashboard.image 
kubernetesui/dashboard:{{ plugins["kubernetes-dashboard"].version }}
 Kubernetes Dashboard image.
metrics-scraper.image 
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:{{ globals.compatibility_map.software["kubernetes-dashboard"][services.kubeadm.kubernetesVersion|minorversion]["metrics-scraper-version"] }}
 Kubernetes Dashboard Metrics Scraper image.
ingress.metadata 
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
annotations:
  nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
Ingress metadata, typically contains namespace and NGINX-specific parameters.
ingress.spec 
        tls:
          - hosts:
            - '{{ plugins["kubernetes-dashboard"].hostname }}'
        rules:
          - host: '{{ plugins["kubernetes-dashboard"].hostname }}'
            http:
              paths:
                - path: /
                  pathType: Prefix
                  backend:
                    service:
                      name: kubernetes-dashboard
                      port:
                        number: 443
Ingress specs, determining where and on which port the Kubernetes Dashboard UI is located.

If you do not want the default parameters, you can override them.

The following is an example to use custom dashboard address:

plugins:
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    install: true
    hostname: 'mydashboard.k8s.example.com'

The following is an example to use custom dashboard images:

plugins:
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    install: true
    dashboard:
      image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.4.0-rc2
    metrics-scraper:
      image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7

The following is an example to redefine ingress parameters:

plugins:
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    install: true
    ingress:
      metadata:
        name: kubernetes-dashboard
        namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
        annotations:
          nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
          nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
          nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
          nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true"
          nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: "true"
      spec:
        tls:
          - hosts:
            - 'mydashboard.k8s.example.com'
        rules:
          - host: 'mydashboard.k8s.example.com'
            http:
              paths:
                - path: /
                  pathType: Prefix
                  backend:
                    service:
                      name: kubernetes-dashboard
                      port:
                        number: 443

Warning: Be very careful when overriding these parameters.

local-path-provisioner

Before proceeding, visit official Local Path Provisioner repository.

By default, the local path provisioner is not installed, as it is not a mandatory part of the cluster. However, you can install it by enabling the plugin.

The following is an example to enable this plugin:

plugins:
  local-path-provisioner:
    install: true

If you enable the plugin, all other parameters are applied by default. The following is a list of supported parameters:

Name Default value Description
storage-class.name local-path Name of the storage class resource, which describes the class of the local volumes created by the provisioner.
storage-class.is-default "false" If "true", the created storage class is the default one.
volume-dir /opt/local-path-provisioner The directory on each node, where the provisioner stores the PV data. For each requested PV, the provisioner creates the subdirectory in the volume-dir.

If you do not want the default parameters, you can override them.

The following is an example to use custom volume directory:

plugins:
  local-path-provisioner:
    install: true
    volume-dir: /mnt/local-path-provisioner-volume

The following is an example to create default storage class:

plugins:
  local-path-provisioner:
    install: true
    storage-class:
      is-default: "true"

The following is an example to use custom provisioner and helper pod image:

plugins:
  local-path-provisioner:
    install: true
    image: rancher/local-path-provisioner:v0.0.20
    helper-pod-image: busybox:latest

Plugins Features

This section provides information about the plugin features in detail.

plugin_defaults

In the plugin_defaults section, you can describe any parameters that are to be applied by default to each record in the Plugins section. It works the same way as node_defaults.

For example:

plugin_defaults:
  installation:
    registry: artifactory.example.com:5443

For detailed description of registry parameter, see Installation without Internet Resources.

Plugins Reinstallation

You can reinstall the necessary plugins without cluster reinstallation, for example, if the plugin configuration is corrupted. You can also change the configuration of any plugin on an already running cluster. To do this, you need to start the execution of the plugin task deploy.plugins and set the following:

  • Set the parameter install: true for plugins that need to be reinstalled
  • Set the parameter install: false for those plugins that do not need to be reinstalled.

Starting the task leads to re-application of the plugin configurations in the Kubernetes, which allows you to reinstall, reset, reconfigure the plugin to the desired parameters without stopping the Kubernetes cluster and other plugins.

The following is an example in which Calico and NGINX Ingress Controller not assigned for reinstall, and the Kubernetes Dashboard is assigned for reinstall:

plugins:
  calico:
    install: false
  nginx-ingress-controller:
    install: false
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    install: true

Warning: The plugin reinstallation behavior is intended, but is not necessarily by custom plugins. For detailed information on the procedure for reinstalling custom plugins, contact the respective provider.

Plugins Installation Order

Plugins are installed in a strict sequential order. The installation sequence is determined by the installation.priority parameter in each plugin separately. Predefined plugins have the following predefined installation priorities:

Plugin Priority
calico 0
flannel 0
nginx-ingress-controller 1
haproxy-ingress-controller 1
kubernetes-dashboard 2

You can change the priorities of preinstalled plugins, as well as set your own priority for the custom plugins. The following is an example of how to prioritize a plugin:

plugins:
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    install: true
    installation:
      priority: 55

After the priorities are set, you can see the sequence of installation in the stdout.

If you do not set the priorities for the plugins, they are installed in any order immediately after the plugins for which the priorities are set. Also, if the plugins have the same priority, they are installed in any order.

Node Selector

It is possible to set custom nodeSelectors for the OOB plugins in order to influence pods scheduling for particular plugin.

The following table contains details about existing nodeSelector configuration options:

PluginYAML path (relative)DefaultNotes
calico
  • typha.nodeSelector
  • kube-controllers.nodeSelector
 kubernetes.io/os: linux nodeSelector applicable only for calico typha
and calico kube-controllers containers,
but not for ordinary calico containers,
which should be deployed on all nodes
flannel - - It is not possible to configure nodeSelector for flannel
since flannel containers should run on all nodes
nginx-ingress-controller controller.nodeSelector kubernetes.io/os: linux
haproxy-ingress-controller
  • controller.nodeSelector
  • backend.nodeSelector
 kubernetes.io/os: linux
kubernetes-dashboard
  • dashboard.nodeSelector
  • metrics-scraper.nodeSelector
 beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux

For example, if you want to customize Calico kube-controllers pods to be scheduled only on nodes with netcracker-infra: infra label, you need to specify the following in your cluster.yml file:

plugins:
  calico:
    kube-controllers:
      nodeSelector:
        netcracker-infra: infra

Custom nodeSelector is merged with default nodeSelector that results in the following configuration:

plugins:
  calico:
    kube-controllers:
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
        netcracker-infra: infra

Note: You need to specify corresponding labels for nodes in order for nodeSelector customization to work.

Tolerations

It is possible to set custom tolerations for the provided OOB plugins in order to influence pods scheduling for particular plugin.

The following table contains details about existing tolerations configuration options:

PluginYAML path (relative)DefaultNotes
calico - - effect: NoSchedule
operator: Exists 		tolerations are not configurable for network plugins
flannel - - effect: NoSchedule
operator: Exists 		tolerations are not configurable for network plugins
nginx-ingress-controller
  • controller.tolerations
 none
haproxy-ingress-controller
  • controller.tolerations
  • backend.tolerations
 node
kubernetes-dashboard
  • dashboard.tolerations
  • metrics-scraper.tolerations
 none
local-host-provisioner
  • tolerations
 none

For example, if you want to customize the nginx-ingress-controller pods to allow scheduling on control-plane nodes, you need to specify the following tolerations in your cluster.yml file:

plugins:
  nginx-ingress-controller:
    controller:
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane
          operator: Exists
          effect: NoSchedule

Custom Plugins Installation Procedures

During the installation of plugins, certain installation procedures are performed. You can use these procedures to write your custom plugins. The procedures should be presented as a list in the installation.procedures section in plugin definition, where each element is a separate procedure execution. For example:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - shell: mkdir -p /var/data
        - template: /var/data/template.yaml.j2
        - config:
            source: /var/data/config.yaml
            do_render: False
        - expect:
            pods:
              - my-service
        - ansible: /var/data/playbook.yaml
        - python:
            module: /opt/checker/cluster.py
            method: check_service
            arguments:
              pod-name: my-service

The procedures are executed strictly one after another according to the procedure list. The procedures of the same type can be called multiple times.

A description of each type of plugins procedures is presented below.

Note: It is highly recommended to write plugin installation procedures so that they are idempotent and it should be possible to run the installation for the plugin several times and the result should be the same. Consequent plugin installations should not perform re-installation of the plugin, they should ensure that the plugin is already installed. For this reason, be cautious with python, shell, and ansible installation procedures.

template

This procedures allows you to automatically compile the Jinja2 template file, upload to remote hosts, and apply it. The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Mandatory Default Value Description
source yes The local absolute path to the source Jinja2 template file. It is compiled before uploading to hosts.
destination no /etc/kubernetes/{{ filename from source }} The absolute path on the hosts where the compiled template needs to be uploaded.
apply_required no True A switch to call the command to apply the uploaded template on remote hosts.
apply_command no kubectl apply -f {{ destination }} The command to apply the template on remote hosts after uploading it. It is called only if the switch apply_required is on.
sudo no True A switch for the command execution from the sudoer.
destination_groups no None List of groups on which the compiled template needs to be uploaded.
destination_nodes no None List of nodes on which the compiled template needs to be uploaded.
apply_groups no None List of groups on which the template apply command needs to be executed.
apply_nodes no None List of nodes on which the template apply command needs to be executed.

Inside the templates you can use all the variables defined in the inventory in cluster.yaml. Moreover, it is possible to dynamically create your own variables in runtime using python or shell plugin procedures. These runtime variables can also be used in templates by accessing runtime_vars, for example if you have variable example_var created in runtime you can access this variable in templates like runtime_vars['example_var']

Note: You can specify nodes and groups at the same time.

Note: If no groups and nodes defined, by default control-plane group is used for destination and the first control-plane node is used for applying.

Note: You can use wildcard source. For example: /tmp/my_templates/*.yaml. This source argument matches every .yaml template in the my_templates directory.

The following is an example of using all parameters at a time:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template:
            source: /var/data/template.yaml.j2
            destination: /etc/example/configuration.yaml
            apply_required: true
            sudo: true
            destination_groups: ['control-plane']
            destination_nodes: ['worker-1']
            apply_groups: None
            apply_nodes: ['control-plane-1', 'worker-1']
            apply_command: 'testctl apply -f /etc/example/configuration.yaml'

The following is an example of applying a Kubernetes configuration:

plugins:
  nginx-ingress-controller:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template:
            source: /var/data/plugins/nginx-ingress-controller.yaml.j2

The following is an example of applying configuration with custom ctl:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template:
            source: /var/data/plugins/calico-ippool.yaml.j2
            destination: /etc/calico/ippool.yaml
            apply_command: 'calicoctl apply -f /etc/calico/ippool.yaml'

The following is an example of uploading a compiled Jinja2 template to control-planes and workers without applying it:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template:
            source: /var/data/plugins/calicoctl.cfg.j2
            destination: /etc/calico/calicoctl.cfg
            destination_groups: ['control-plane', 'worker']
            apply_required: false

A short format of template procedure is available. In this format only mandatory source paths should be specified. For example:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/template.yaml.j2

It equals to the following record:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template:
            source: /var/data/template.yaml.j2
config

This procedure is an alias for template that allows you not to render the contents of the files by using an additional property, do_render. By default, this value is defined as True, which specifies that the content is rendered as in the Template procedure.

All the parameters match with template.

Parameter Mandatory Default Value Description
do_render no True Allows you not to render the contents of the file.
expect pods

This procedure allows you to wait until the necessary pods are ready. You have to declare a procedure section and specify the list of the pod names that should be expected. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - expect:
            pods:
              - coredns
              - calico-kube-controllers
              - calico-node

Note: You can specify some part of the pod name instead of the full name of the container.

The procedure tries once every few seconds to find the necessary pods and detect their running status. If you use the standard format of this procedure, then pods are expected in accordance with the following configurations:

Configuration Value Description
timeout 5 The number of seconds until the next pod status check.
retries 30 The number of attempts to check the status.

The total waiting time is calculated by multiplying the configuration timeout * retries, for default values it is 2 to 5 minutes to wait. If during this time, the pods do not have a ready status, then a corresponding error is thrown and the work is stopped. Also, if at least one of the expected pods is detected in the status of a fail, an error is thrown without waiting for the end of the total waiting time. If you are not satisfied with the default wait values, you can use the advanced form of the procedure record. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - expect:
            pods:
              timeout: 10
              retries: 60
              list:
                - coredns
                - calico-kube-controllers
                - calico-node
python

This procedure allows you to directly call the Python 3 code. This is helpful when you want to connect a ready-made product in Python, or for example you have complex business logic that can only be described in a programming language. For this procedure, you must specify the following parameters:

Parameter Description
module The absolute path on local host to the Python 3 module to be loaded.
method The name of the method to call.
arguments Optional. Key-value map, which should be applied as kwargs to the requested method.

Note: The python code is executed on the deploying node and not on remote nodes.

Note: The called method must accept a cluster object as the first argument.

For example:

plugins:
  haproxy-ingress-controller:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - python:
            module: /var/data/plugins/ingress_controller.py
            method: override_priviledged_ports
            arguments:
              service: haproxy-ingress
              namespace: haproxy-controller
thirdparty

This procedure allows you to trigger specific thirdparty installation. This thirdparty must be configured in the thirdparties section and its destination path must be specified in this procedure. In this case, thirdparty is not installed in prepare.thirdparties task, but is installed during the installation of the current plugin. For example:

services:
  thirdparties:
    /usr/bin/calicoctl:
      source: 'https://example.com/calico/calicoctl-linux-amd64'
plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - thirdparty: /usr/bin/calicoctl
shell

This procedure allows you to execute shell code on remote hosts. The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Mandatory Default Value Description
command yes A shell command to be executed on remote hosts.
sudo no False Switch for the command execution from the sudoer.
groups no None List of groups on which the shell command should be executed.
nodes no None List of nodes on which the shell command should be executed.
out_vars no None List of ENV variables to export and save for later use
in_vars no None List of ENV variables to import before command execution

Note: You can specify nodes and groups at the same time.

Note: If no groups or nodes are specified, then by default the first control-plane is used.

For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - shell:
            command: mkdir -p /etc/calico
            groups: ['control-plane']
            sudo: true

There is support for a shortened format. In this case, you need to specify only the command to execute, all other parameters are set by default. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - shell: whoami

It equals to the following record:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - shell:
            command: whoami

If you combine several commands, for example whoami && whoami with sudo: true, the second command is executed from non-sudoer. In this case, specify sudo for second command explicitly. For example:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - shell:
            command: whoami && sudo whoami
            sudo: true

Also try to avoid complex shell features, for example pipe redirection. Shell procedure is only for simple command invocation, but not for complex shell scripts. If you need to call complex shell logic, place a script file, upload it to a remote host, and call the script. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template:
            source: /var/data/plugins/script.sh
            destination: /etc/calico/script.sh
            destination_nodes: ['control-plane-1']
            apply_required: false
        - shell:
            command: bash -x /etc/calico/script.sh
            nodes: ['control-plane-1']
            sudo: true

Example of runtime variables usage in shell procedure:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - shell:
            command: 
              - echo $input_var $input_var_1
              - export output_var='this string will be saved to `runtime_vars` with name `output_var`'
              - export output_var_2='this string will be saved to `runtime_vars` with name `example_var_alias`'
            out_vars:
              - name: output_var
              - name: output_var_2
                save_as: example_var_alias
            in_vars:
              - name: input_var # value for this var should be set in runtime as it is for `output_var`, or else it will be empty
              - name: input_var_1
                value: static value, which can also be rendered {{ like_this }}
ansible

This procedure allows you to directly execute Ansible playbooks. This is useful when you have a ready-made set of playbooks required for your business logic and you need to execute them during the installation process. For this procedure you must specify the following parameters:

Parameter Mandatory Default Value Description
playbook yes An absolute path for playbook to be executed.
vars no None Additional variables, overriding variables from Ansible inventory. They are passed as --extra-vars in CLI.
become no False Privilege escalation switch. Enables -b argument.
groups no None Targeted list of groups, passed to Ansible as --limit argument.
nodes no None Targeted list of nodes, passed to Ansible as --limit argument.

Note: The playbook execution starts on the deploying node, not on remote nodes.

Note: Ansible must be manually installed on the deploying node.

Note: Executing of the playbooks is currently not supported on Windows deployers.

Note: An Ansible Inventory is provided to the playbook, so it should not be disabled.

Note: When calling ansible plugin from KubeMarine container, note that KubeMarine container is shipped with ansible-2.9.*. Exact patch version is not fixed.

For example:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - ansible:
            playbook: /var/data/plugins/playbook.yaml
            vars:
              foo: bar
            become: True
            groups: ['control-plane', 'worker']

There is support for a shortened format. In this case, you need to specify only path to the playbook, all other parameters are set by default. For example:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - ansible: /var/data/plugins/playbook.yaml

It equals to the following record:

plugins:
  example-plugin:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - ansible:
            playbook: /var/data/plugins/playbook.yaml
helm

You can install or upgrade HELM chart on Kubernetes cluster. If a Helm chart is already installed on the cluster, the helm upgrade command is called, otherwise helm install command is called.

Specify the following parameters:

The chart_path parameter specifies the absolute path on local host to the Helm chart. The URL link to chart archive is also supported.

The values parameter specifies the YAML formatted values for the chart that override values from values.yaml file from the provided chart. This parameter is optional.

The values_file parameter specifies the absolute path on local host to the file with YAML formatted values for the chart that override values from values.yaml file from the provided chart. Alternate for values. This parameter is optional.

The namespace parameter specifies the cloud namespace where chart should be installed. This parameter is optional.

The release parameter specifies target Helm release. The parameter is optional and is equal to chart name by default.

Note:

  • Helm 3 is only supported.
  • If the values parameter is specified, the values_file parameter is ignored.

For example:

plugins:
  some_plugin: 
    install: True   
    installation:
      priority: 10
      procedures:
        - helm:
            chart_path: /tmp/some-chart
            values:
              serviceAccount:
                create: false
            namespace: elastic-search
            release: elastic-search-1
            values_file: /tmp/custom_values.yaml

Advanced Features

Before use, the configuration file cluster.yaml is preprocessed. The user settings are merged with default settings, thereby creating the final configuration file, which is further used throughout the entire installation.

Note: If Dump Files is enabled, then you can see merged cluster.yaml file version in the dump directory.

To make sure that the information in the configuration file is not duplicated, the following advanced functionality appears in the yaml file:

  • List merge strategy
  • Dynamic variables

List Merge Strategy

It is possible to define the following strategies when merging two lists:

  • replace - It indicates that the contents of one list must be replaced by other. This strategy is useful when you need to completely replace the default list with the settings on your own. If no strategy is specified, then this strategy is applied by default.
  • merge - It indicates that the contents of one list must be merged with other. This strategy is useful when you need to merge the default list of settings with your list, without replacing the earlier list.

To define a strategy in the list, you must specify a new list element. In this element, you need to put a key-value pair, where the key is <<, and value is the name of the join strategy.

Note: This functionality is available only for lists and only a single strategy pointer is allowed inside the list.

Note: This functionality is available only in specific sections of the inventory file. For a detailed set of allowed sections, refer to List Merge Allowed Sections.

The following is an example of replace strategy:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - '<<': replace

The user list replaces the default:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2

The following is an example of merge strategy:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - '<<': merge

The result is as follows:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - template: templates/plugins/calico.yaml.j2
          expect:
            pods:
              - coredns

Merge Strategy Positioning

With the merge strategy, you can specify a specific place for the content from the default list inside the user list.

For example, you can indicate it at the beginning:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - '<<': merge
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - template: /var/data/custom_template2.yaml.j2

As a result, the default part of the list is at the beginning, and the user part at the end:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: templates/plugins/calico.yaml.j2
          expect:
            pods:
              - coredns
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - template: /var/data/custom_template2.yaml.j2

You can specify it at the end as follows:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - template: /var/data/custom_template2.yaml.j2
        - '<<': merge

As a result, the default part of the list is at the end, and the user part at the beginning:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - template: /var/data/custom_template2.yaml.j2
        - template: templates/plugins/calico.yaml.j2
          expect:
            pods:
              - coredns

You can specify in the middle as follows:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - '<<': merge
        - template: /var/data/custom_template2.yaml.j2

The result is as follows:

plugins:
  calico:
    installation:
      procedures:
        - template: /var/data/custom_template.yaml.j2
        - template: templates/plugins/calico.yaml.j2
          expect:
            pods:
              - coredns
        - template: /var/data/custom_template2.yaml.j2

List Merge Allowed Sections

Application of the list merge strategy is allowed in the following sections:

  • plugins.installation.procedures
  • services.kubeadm.apiServer.extraVolumes
  • services.kernel_security.permissive
  • services.modprobe
  • services.etc_hosts
  • services.audit.cluster_policy.omitStages
  • services.audit.cluster_policy.rules
  • services.audit.rules
  • services.coredns.deployment.spec.template.spec.volumes
  • services.packages.associations.package_name
  • services.packages.install
  • services.packages.upgrade
  • services.packages.remove
  • plugins.nginx-ingress-controller.ports
  • plugins.kubernetes-dashboard.ingress.spec.tls
  • plugins.kubernetes-dashboard.ingress.spec.rules
  • rbac.pss.exemptions.usernames
  • rbac.pss.exemptions.runtimeClasses
  • rbac.pss.exemptions.namespaces

Dynamic Variables

There are settings in the configuration file that borrow their contents from the settings of the other sections. To avoid any duplication of the settings, the mechanism of dynamic variables is used.

This mechanism allows you to specify a link to one variable to another.

For example, the following parameters:

section_one:
  variable: "test"
section_two:
  variable: '{{ section_one.variable }}'

This leads to the following result:

section_one:
  variable: test
section_two:
  variable: test

Dynamic variables allow you to refer to the other variables, but can also be full-fledged Jinja2 templates.

For example, the following configuration:

section_one:
section_two:
  variable: '{{ section_one.variable | default("nothing") }}'

This leads to the following result:

section_one: null
section_two:
  variable: nothing

Recursive pointing to each other is also supported. For example:

section:
  - variable: '{{ section[1].variable }}-2'
  - variable: '{{ section[2].variable }}-1'
  - variable: "hello"

The above configuration generates the following result:

section:
- variable: hello-1-2
- variable: hello-1
- variable: hello

Limitations

Dynamic variables have some limitations that should be considered when working with them:

  • All variables should be either valid variables that KubeMarine understands, or custom variables defined in the dedicated values section.

    values:
  custom_variable: value
kubemarine_section:
  kubemarine_variable: '{{ values.custom_variable }}'

  • The start pointer of the Jinja2 template must be inside a pair of single or double quotes. The {{ or {% out of quotes leads to a parsing error of the yaml file.

  • The variable cannot refer to itself. It does not lead to any result, but it slows down the compilation process.

  • The variables cannot mutually refer to each other. For example, the following configuration:

    section:
 variable_one: '{{ section.variable_two }}'
 variable_two: '{{ section.variable_one }}'

    This leads to the following result:

    section:
 variable_one: '{{ section.variable_one }}'
 variable_two: '{{ section.variable_one }}'

    The variables copy each other, but since none of them lead to any result, there is a cyclic link to one of them.

Jinja2 Expressions Escaping

Inventory strings can have strings containing characters that Jinja2 considers as their expressions. For example, if you specify a golang template. To avoid rendering errors for such expressions, it is possible to wrap them in exceptions {% raw %}``{% endraw %}. For example:

authority: '{% raw %}{{ .Name }}{% endraw %} 3600 IN SOA'

Installation without Internet Resources

If you want to install Kubernetes in a private environment, without access to the internet, then you need to redefine the addresses of remote resources. Be careful with the following parameters:

Path Registry Type Format Example Description
services.kubeadm.imageRepository Docker Address without protocol, where Kubernetes images are stored. It should be the full path to the repository. example.com:5443/k8s.gcr.io Kubernetes Image Repository. The system container's images such as kubeapi or etcd is loaded from this registry.
services.docker.insecure-registries Docker List with addresses without protocol. example.com:5443 Docker Insecure Registries. It is necessary for the Docker to allow connection to addresses unknown to it.
services.docker.registry-mirrors Docker List with addresses. Each address should contain a protocol. https://example.com:5443 Docker Registry Mirrors. Additional image sources for container's images pull.
services.thirdparties.{{ thirdparty }}.source Plain Address with protocol or absolute path on deploy node. It should be the full path to the file. https://example.com/kubeadm/v1.16.3/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadm Thridparty Source. Thirdparty file, such as binary, archive and so on, is loaded from this registry.
plugin_defaults.installation.registry Docker Address without protocol, where plugins images are stored. example.com:5443 Plugins Images Registry. All plugins container's images are loaded from this registry.

Installation Procedure

The installation information for KubeMarine is specified below.

Warning: Running the installation on an already running cluster redeploys the cluster from scratch.

Installation Tasks Description

The following is the installation tasks tree:

  • prepare

    • check

      • sudoer - Validates if the connection user has the sudoer permissions.
      • system - Validates the distributive and version of the hosts operating system.
      • cluster_installation - Looks for an already installed cluster.

    • dns

      • hostname - Configures nodes hostnames.
      • resolv_conf - Configures the records in /etc/resolv.conf (backup is presented). For more information about parameters for this task, see resolv.conf. If no parameters are presented, the task is skipped.
      • etc_hosts - Configures the records in /etc/hosts (backup is presented). This task writes the node names and their addresses to this file.

    • package_manager

      • configure - Configures repositories for the package manager (backup is presented) and updates the repodata. For more information about parameters for this task, see package_manager. If no parameters are presented, the task is skipped. OS-specific.
      • manage_packages - Manages packages on hosts. For more information about parameters for this task, see packages. If no parameters are presented, the task is skipped. OS-specific.

    • ntp

      • chrony - Configures the file /etc/chrony.conf (backup is presented) and synchronizes the time using the chronyd service. For more information about parameters for this task, see chrony. If no parameters are presented or non-RHEL OS is used, the task is skipped.
      • timesyncd - Configures the file /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf (backup is presented) and synchronizes the time using the timesyncd service. For more information about parameters for this task, see timesyncd. If no parameters are presented or non-Debian OS is used, the task is skipped.

    • system

      • setup_selinux - Configures SELinux. For more information about parameters for this task, see SELinux. The task is performed only for the RHEL OS family.
      • setup_apparmor - Configures AppArmor. For more information about parameters for this task, see AppArmor. The task is performed only for the Debian OS family.
      • disable_firewalld - Forcibly disables FirewallD service.
      • disable_swap - Forcibly disables swap in system.
      • modprobe - Configures Linux Kernel modules. For more information about parameters for this task, see modprobe.
      • sysctl - Configures Linux Kernel parameters. For more information about parameters for this task, see sysctl.
      • audit
        • install - Installs auditd daemon on nodes.
        • configure_daemon - Configures Linux audit rules. For more information about parameters for this task, see audit-daemon.
        • configure_policy - Configures Kubernetes audit rules. For more information about parameters for this task, see audit-Kubernetes Policy

    • cri

      • install - Installs the container runtime. For more information about parameters for this task, see CRI.
      • configure - Configures the container runtime. For more information about parameters for this task, see CRI.

    • thirdparties - Downloads thirdparties and installs them. For more information about parameters for this task, see thirdparties.

  • deploy
    • loadbalancer
      • haproxy
        • install - Installs HAProxy if balancers are presented in the inventory. If the HAProxy is already installed, then there is no reinstallation.
        • configure - Configures HAProxy in the file /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg (backup is presented).
      • keepalived
        • install - Installs Keepalived if vrrp_ip is presented in the inventory. If the Keepalived is already installed, then there is no reinstallation.
        • configure - Configures Keepalived in the file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf (backup is presented). For more information about parameters for this task, see vrrp_ips.
    • kubernetes
      • reset - Resets an existing or previous Kubernetes cluster. All the data related to the Kubernetes is removed, including the container runtime being cleaned up.
      • install - Configures Kubernetes service in the file /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
      • prepull_images - Prepulls Kubernetes images on all nodes using parameters from the inventory.
      • init - Initializes Kubernetes nodes via kubeadm with config files: /etc/kubernetes/init-config.yaml and /etc/kubernetes/join-config.yaml. For more information about parameters for this task, see kubeadm. Also apply PSS if it is enabled. For more information about PPS, see Admission pss.
    • admission - Applies OOB and custom pod security policies. For more information about the parameters for this task, see Admission psp.
    • coredns - Configures CoreDNS service with coredns inventory settings.
    • plugins - Applies plugin installation procedures. For more information about parameters for this task, see Plugins.
    • accounts - Creates new users in cluster. For more information about parameters for this task, see RBAC accounts.
  • overview - Collects general information about the cluster and displays it in stdout.

Note: The task execution is strictly performed in the order as in the tree above.

Installation of Kubernetes using CLI

Full installation using CLI can be started with the following command:

kubemarine install

It begins the execution of all tasks available in the installer in accordance with its task tree.

Note: The SSH-keyfile path in the config-file should be absolute, not relative.

Custom Inventory File Location

If you are installing via CLI, you can specify the custom cluster.yaml location as follows:

kubemarine install --config="${PATH_TO_CONFIG}/cluster.yaml"

or shorter

kubemarine install -c "${PATH_TO_CONFIG}/cluster.yaml"

where, ${PATH_TO_CONFIG} - is the path to the local inventory file.

Note: Use the absolute path in arguments, instead of relative.

Installation Features

This section describes the installation features.

Tasks List Redefinition

It is possible to override the default installation tasks tree with --tasks argument when installing via CLI, and as the contents list tasks names separated by commas.

The following is an example for CLI:

kubemarine install --tasks="prepare.dns.etc_hosts,deploy"

For detailed tree of tasks, see Installation Tasks Description.

If required, you can exclude some tasks from the execution in --exclude argument when installing via CLI. The principle of action is the opposite of tasks argument/parameter.

Example:

kubemarine install --exclude="deploy.loadbalancer,deploy.kubernetes.install"

The arguments can be combined. For example, when you only need to perform a deploy, but not touch the balancers.

Example:

kubemarine install --tasks="deploy" --exclude="deploy.loadbalancer"

When you specify the name of the task, you can specify the following types:

  • group - Logically separated part of the execution tree, which includes a certain set of tasks. For example, when you specify prepare.dns group, it executes only tasks from group: prepare.dns.resolv_conf and prepare.dns.etc_hosts, tasks from other groups are skipped.
  • task - The exact address of the task to be performed. Others are skipped.

You can also combine the types, specify both groups and tasks at the same time. For example:

kubemarine install --tasks="prepare.system,prepare.dns.resolv_conf"

The Flow Filter filters everything and make a new execution tree, on which the installation begins. The list of excluded tasks gets printed before starting the work and displays as follows:

Excluded tasks:
	prepare
	deploy.loadbalancer
	deploy.plugins
	deploy.accounts

If nothing is excluded, it displays:

Excluded tasks:
	No excluded tasks

The Flow Filter also takes care of sorting the sequence of tasks. Therefore, you do not need to consider the sequence for listing the tasks. You can do it in any sequence, and then the actual sequence of the tasks is automatically decided and followed at the time of installation.

Note: The sequence cannot be changed, it is hardcoded into the source code. This is done intentionally since some tasks are dependent on others.

Logging

KubeMarine has the ability to customize the output of logs, as well as customize the output to a separate file or graylog. For more information, refer to the Configuring KubeMarine Logging section.

Dump Files

During installation configurations, templates and other files are generated. For best user experience, these configurations are not displayed in the output log. However, by default, all intermediate results are saved in the dump directory, which is automatically created at the beginning of work. It is not recommended but you can also disable this functionality.

By default, the dump directory is located in the dump directory inside executable directory. However, the dump directory location path can be changed using the --dump-location argument. For example:

$ install --dump-location /var/data/dump/

Note: When creating a dump directory, the entire hierarchy of directories is created recursively in accordance with the specified path, even if a part of the path is missing.

You can use the --disable-dump argument to disable the dumping feature that disables creation of the dump directory and stop storing dump files in it. The following example turns off the dump:

$ install --disable-dump

If you want a dump to be created, but you do not want it to be cleaned every time, you can turn off the automatic cleaning using the disable-dump-cleanup parameter. For example:

$ install --disable-dump-cleanup

Finalized Dump

After any procedure is completed, a final inventory with all the missing variable values is needed, which is pulled from the finished cluster environment. This inventory can be found in the cluster_finalized.yaml file in the working directory, and can be passed as a source inventory in future runs of KubeMarine procedures.

Note: The cluster_finalized.yaml inventory file is aimed to reflect the current cluster state together with the KubeMarine version using which it is created. This in particular means that the file cannot be directly used with a different KubeMarine version. Though, it still can be migrated together with the managed cluster using the Kubemarine Migration Procedure.

In the file, you can see not only the compiled inventory, but also some converted values depending on what is installed on the cluster. For example, consider the following package's origin configuration:

services:
  packages:
    associations:
      docker:
        executable_name: 'docker'
        package_name:
          - docker-ce-19.03*
          - docker-ce-cli-19.03*
          - containerd.io-1.4.6*
        service_name: 'docker'
        config_location: '/etc/docker/daemon.json'
      conntrack:
        package_name: conntrack-tools
    install:
      - ethtool
      - ebtables
      - socat

The above configuration is converted to the following finalized configuration, provided that the cluster is based on RHEL nodes:

services:
  packages:
    associations:
      rhel:
        docker:
          executable_name: 'docker'
          package_name:
            - docker-ce-19.03.15-3.el7.x86_64
            - docker-ce-cli-19.03.15-3.el7.x86_64
            - containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64
          service_name: 'docker'
          config_location: '/etc/docker/daemon.json'
        conntrack:
          package_name: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-7.el7.x86_64
    install:
      include:
        - ethtool-4.8-10.el7.x86_64
        - ebtables-2.0.10-16.el7.x86_64
        - socat-1.7.3.2-2.el7.x86_64

Note: Some of the packages are impossible to be detected in the system, therefore such packages remain unchanged. The same rule is applied if two different package versions are detected on different nodes. Also, see the cache_versions option in the associations section.

Note: After some time is passed, the detected package versions might disappear from the repository. Direct using of the cluster_finalized.yaml file in procedures like install or add_node might be impossible due to this reason, and would require a manual intervention.

The same applies to the VRRP interfaces. For example, the following origin configuration without interfaces:

vrrp_ips:
  - ip: 192.168.101.1
    floating_ip: 1.101.10.110

The above configuration is converted to the following configuration with real interfaces as it is presented on the keepalived nodes:

vrrp_ips:
- floating_ip: 1.101.10.110
  hosts:
  - interface: eth0
    name: balancer-1
  - interface: eth0
    name: balancer-2
  ip: 192.168.101.1

Note: Also, finalization escapes the golang expression; this required for prevention incompatibility with the jinja parser.

Configurations Backup

During perform of KubeMarine, all configuration files on the nodes are copied to their backup copies before being overwritten. Also, all versions of the file, that are different from each other, are saved, and new copies are incremented in the file name. This protects from losing important versions of configuration files and allows to restore the desired file from a necessary backup version. After several installations, you can find the file and all its backups as in the following example:

$ ls -la /etc/resolv.conf*
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root  78 jul  5 08:57 /etc/resolv.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 117 jul  5 08:55 /etc/resolv.conf.bak1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 216 jul  5 08:57 /etc/resolv.conf.bak2

Ansible Inventory

By default, during installation a new Ansible inventory file is converted from cluster.yaml file. Ansible inventory file is available in the root directory of the distribution immediately after starting the installation.

If you want to generate only an inventory file, you must run the installer with the argument --without-act. For example:

kubemarine install --without-act

You can specify custom path and name for the ansible inventory file, using the argument --ansible-inventory-location. By default, the file is saved to the executable directory with the name ansible-inventory.ini. For example:

kubemarine install --ansible-inventory-location /var/data/ansible-inventory.ini

Warning: Always specify the absolute path to the file, not relative.

Arguments can be combined. For example the following arguments generate the inventory without starting the installation:

kubemarine install --without-act --ansible-inventory-location /var/data/inventory.ini

Contents

The automatically converted information is placed in the inventory file, divided into the following sections.

[all]

The [all] section contains the following basic knowledge about nodes to connect to:

  • Node name
  • Ansible-host
  • Internal IP address
  • External IP address (if exists)

For example:

[all]
localhost ansible_connection=local
k8s-lb ansible_host=10.101.10.1 ip=192.168.0.1 external_ip=10.101.10.1
k8s-control-plane-1 ansible_host=10.101.10.2 ip=192.168.0.2 external_ip=10.101.10.2
k8s-control-plane-2 ansible_host=10.101.10.3 ip=192.168.0.3 external_ip=10.101.10.3
k8s-control-plane-3 ansible_host=10.101.10.4 ip=192.168.0.4 external_ip=10.101.10.4
k8s-worker-1 ansible_host=10.101.10.5 ip=192.168.0.5 external_ip=10.101.10.5
k8s-worker-2 ansible_host=10.101.10.6 ip=192.168.0.6 external_ip=10.101.10.6

[cluster:children]

The [cluster:children] section contains the following node roles presented in cluster:

  • balancer (if any presented)
  • control-plane
  • worker (if any presented)

For example:

[cluster:children]
balancer
control-plane
worker

[balancer], [control-plane], [worker]

The [balancer], [control-plane], [worker] sections contain nodes names, which are included in this sections.

For example:

[balancer]
k8s-lb

[control-plane]
k8s-control-plane-1
k8s-control-plane-2
k8s-control-plane-3

[worker]
k8s-worker-1
k8s-worker-2

[cluster:vars]

The [cluster:vars] section contains other cluster-specific information:

  • Username for connection
  • Path to SSH key-file for connection (this data is used from node_defaults section from the original inventory)
  • Services parameters
  • Plugins parameters

For example:

[cluster:vars]
ansible_become=true
ansible_ssh_user=centos
ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa

All the data from the original inventory is included in the parameters of services and plugins, either explicitly defined by the user or automatically calculated. They are either explicitly converted to a string type, or converted to JSON if it is list or dict. The parameter values are presented as follows:

For example:

[cluster:vars]
...

# services.kubeadm
kubeadm_apiVersion=kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kubeadm_kind=ClusterConfiguration
kubeadm_kubernetesVersion=v1.16.3
kubeadm_networking={"podSubnet": "10.128.0.0/14", "serviceSubnet": "172.30.0.0/16"}
kubeadm_apiServer={"certSANs": ["192.168.0.1", "k8s-lb", "10.101.10.1"]}
kubeadm_imageRepository=example.com:5443
kubeadm_controlPlaneEndpoint=k8s.example.com:6443

# services.cri
cri_containerRuntime=containerd
cri_dockerConfig={"ipv6": false, "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": {"max-size": "64m", "max-file": "3"}, "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "icc": false, "live-restore": true, "userland-proxy": false}
cri_containerdConfig={"version": 2, "plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\"": {"sandbox_image": "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2"}, "plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"artifactory.example.com:5443\"": {"endpoint": ["https://artifactory.example.com:5443"]}, "plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".containerd.runtimes.runc": {"runtime_type": "io.containerd.runc.v2"}, "plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".containerd.runtimes.runc.options": {"SystemdCgroup": true}}

Note: From the final variables list the following parameters are excluded:

  • install
  • installation

Cumulative Points

Cumulative points is a special feature that allows you to combine several repeating actions of the same type into one, and run at the right moment of installation. For example, if you have 3 tasks, each of which requires a system reboot in order for their configurations to apply. So instead of repeating reboot 3 times in a row, you can do 1 reboot after these 3 tasks. The description of cumulative points is as follows:

Method Scheduled by Tasks Executed before tasks Description
os.reboot_nodes prepare.system.setup_selinux
prepare.system.disable_firewalld
prepare.system.disable_swap
prepare.system.modprobe
prepare.system.sysctl		 prepare.system.sysctl Reboots all cluster nodes.
os.verify_system prepare.system.setup_selinux
prepare.system.disable_firewalld
prepare.system.disable_swap
prepare.system.modprobe
prepare.system.sysctl		 prepare.system.sysctl Verifies that configured system configurations have been applied.

Cumulative points are not necessarily always executed. Tasks independently decide when to schedule a cumulative point. For example, if the configurations are not updated, then a reboot for applying them is also not required. For more detailed information, see the description of the tasks and their parameters. If the task is skipped, then it is not able to schedule the cumulative point. For example, by skipping certain tasks, you can avoid a reboot.

Supported Versions

Note: You can specify Kubernetes version via kubernetesVersion parameter. See Kubernetes version section for more details.

Note: If you need to upgrade an existing Kubernetes cluster to new version, please use the Upgrade Procedure.

The tables below shows the correspondence of versions that are supported and is used during the installation:

Default Dependent Components Versions for Kubernetes Versions v1.21.12

Type Name Versions Note
CentOS RHEL
7.5+		 CentOS RHEL
Oracle Linux 8.4		 Ubuntu 20.04 Ubuntu 22.04 Oracle Linux 7.5+
binaries kubeadm v1.21.12 SHA1: b566840ac2bd50d9c83165ac61331ba7998bf7ce
kubelet SHA1: 45a50b60122f35505ecd08479be1ae232b0ac524
kubectl SHA1: 54a381297eb3a94ab968bb8bfff5f91e3d08805a
calicoctl v3.22.2 SHA1: b1e2c550480afe4250a34b0e4529eb38ae06973f
Required only if calico is installed.
crictl v1.23.0 SHA1: 332001091d2e4523cbe8d97ab0f7bfbf4dfebda2
Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
rpms docker-ce 20.10
containerd.io 1.4.* 1.4.* 1.5.* 1.5.* 1.4.*
podman 1.6.4 latest latest latest 1.4.4 Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
haproxy/rh-haproxy 1.8 1.8 2.* 2.* 1.8 Required only if balancers are presented in the deployment scheme.
keepalived 1.3 2.1 2.* 2.* 1.3 Required only if VRRP is presented in the deployment scheme.
images k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.21.12
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.8.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.4.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.4.13-0
calico/typha v3.22.2 Required only if Typha is enabled in Calico config.
calico/cni
calico/node
calico/kube-controllers
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol
quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller v1.2.0
kubernetesui/dashboard v2.5.1 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper v1.0.7 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.22 Required only if local-path provisioner plugin is set to be installed.

Default Dependent Components Versions for Kubernetes Versions v1.22.9

Type Name Versions Note
CentOS RHEL
7.5+		 CentOS RHEL
Oracle Linux 8.4		 Ubuntu 20.04 Ubuntu 22.04 Oracle Linux 7.5+
binaries kubeadm v1.22.9 SHA1: 33418daedfd3651ebcf5c0ab0c6c701764962e5d
kubelet SHA1: 21b4104937b65fdf0fdf9fbb57ff22a879b21e3f
kubectl SHA1: e4137d683b9f93211bb6d9fa155d0bb423e871c9
calicoctl v3.24.1 SHA1: 5a2e2a391ec76fe0cf144854056b809113cb1432
Required only if calico is installed.
crictl v1.23.0 SHA1: 332001091d2e4523cbe8d97ab0f7bfbf4dfebda2
Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
rpms docker-ce 20.10
containerd.io 1.4.* 1.4.* 1.5.* 1.5.* 1.4.*
podman 1.6.4 latest latest latest 1.4.4 Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
haproxy/rh-haproxy 1.8 1.8 2.* 2.* 1.8 Required only if balancers are presented in the deployment scheme.
keepalived 1.3 2.1 2.* 2.* 1.3 Required only if VRRP is presented in the deployment scheme.
images k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.22.9
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.8.4
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.5
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.5.0-0
calico/typha v3.24.1 Required only if Typha is enabled in Calico config.
calico/cni
calico/node
calico/kube-controllers
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol
quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller v1.2.0
kubernetesui/dashboard v2.5.1 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper v1.0.7 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.22 Required only if local-path provisioner plugin is set to be installed.

Default Dependent Components Versions for Kubernetes Versions v1.23.11

Type Name Versions Note
CentOS RHEL
7.5+		 CentOS RHEL
Oracle Linux 8.4		 Ubuntu 20.04 Ubuntu 22.04 Oracle Linux 7.5+
binaries kubeadm v1.23.11 SHA1: b93ff384df125429dcbeb18c2ea648168ae10c56
kubelet SHA1: 07769c846e4a83d59f9f34370c33be5cc163120b
kubectl SHA1: 81643da0b975102cede136d39767cdc54f2b0aef
calicoctl v3.24.1 SHA1: 5a2e2a391ec76fe0cf144854056b809113cb1432
Required only if calico is installed.
crictl v1.23.0 SHA1: 332001091d2e4523cbe8d97ab0f7bfbf4dfebda2
Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
rpms docker-ce 20.10
containerd.io 1.4.* 1.4.* 1.5.* 1.5.* 1.4.*
podman 1.6.4 latest latest latest 1.4.4 Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
haproxy/rh-haproxy 1.8 1.8 2.* 2.* 1.8 Required only if balancers are presented in the deployment scheme.
keepalived 1.3 2.1 2.* 2.* 1.3 Required only if VRRP is presented in the deployment scheme.
images k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.23.11
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.8.6
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.6
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.5.1-0
calico/typha v3.24.1 Required only if Typha is enabled in Calico config.
calico/cni
calico/node
calico/kube-controllers
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol
quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller v1.2.0
kubernetesui/dashboard v2.5.1 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper v1.0.7 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.22 Required only if local-path provisioner plugin is set to be installed.

Default Dependent Components Versions for Kubernetes Versions v1.24.2

Type Name Versions Note
CentOS RHEL
7.5+		 CentOS RHEL
Oracle Linux 8.4		 Ubuntu 20.04 Ubuntu 22.04 Oracle Linux 7.5+
binaries kubeadm v1.24.2 SHA1: 65c3e96dc54e7f703bf1ea9c6e5573dca067f726
kubelet SHA1: 35c3d20f92c8159b4f65aaafe6e9fc57c9f9e308
kubectl SHA1: d2a8e78bcdc992addd6faccb27b0af5d533443fa
calicoctl v3.24.1 SHA1: 5a2e2a391ec76fe0cf144854056b809113cb1432
Required only if calico is installed.
crictl v1.23.0 SHA1: 332001091d2e4523cbe8d97ab0f7bfbf4dfebda2
Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
rpms docker-ce 20.10
containerd.io 1.6.* 1.6.* 1.5.* 1.5.* 1.6.*
podman 1.6.4 latest latest latest 1.4.4 Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
haproxy/rh-haproxy 1.8 1.8 2.* 2.* 1.8 Required only if balancers are presented in the deployment scheme.
keepalived 1.3 2.1 2.* 2.* 1.3 Required only if VRRP is presented in the deployment scheme.
images k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.24.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.8.6
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.7
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.5.3-0
calico/typha v3.24.1 Required only if Typha is enabled in Calico config.
calico/cni
calico/node
calico/kube-controllers
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol
quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller v1.2.0
kubernetesui/dashboard v2.5.1 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper v1.0.7 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.22 Required only if local-path provisioner plugin is set to be installed.

Default Dependent Components Versions for Kubernetes Versions v1.25.2

Type Name Versions Note
CentOS RHEL
7.5+		 CentOS RHEL
Oracle Linux 8.4		 Ubuntu 20.04 Ubuntu 22.04 Oracle Linux 7.5+
binaries kubeadm v1.25.2 SHA1: 72b87eedc9701c1143126f4aa7375b91fc9d46fc
kubelet SHA1: afdc009cd59759626ecce007667f42bf42e7c1be
kubectl SHA1: b12c0e102df89cd0579c8a3c769988aaf5dbe4ba
calicoctl v3.24.2 SHA1: c4de7a203e5a3a942fdf130bc9ec180111fc2ab6
Required only if calico is installed.
crictl v1.25.0 SHA1: b3a24e549ca3b4dfd105b7f4639014c0c508bea3
Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
rpms docker-ce 20.10
containerd.io 1.6.* 1.6.* 1.5.* 1.5.* 1.6.*
podman 1.6.4 latest latest latest 1.4.4 Required only if containerd is used as a container runtime.
haproxy/rh-haproxy 1.8 1.8 2.* 2.* 1.8 Required only if balancers are presented in the deployment scheme.
keepalived 1.3 2.1 2.* 2.* 1.3 Required only if VRRP is presented in the deployment scheme.
images k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.25.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler
k8s.gcr.io/coredns v1.9.3
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.8
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.5.4-0
calico/typha v3.24.2 Required only if Typha is enabled in Calico config.
calico/cni
calico/node
calico/kube-controllers
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol
quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller v1.4.0
kubernetesui/dashboard v2.7.0 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper v1.0.8 Required only if Kubernetes Dashboard plugin is set to be installed.
rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.23 Required only if local-path provisioner plugin is set to be installed.