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Vim

Editor War

Stack Overflow survey

Vim emulation for VS code：个人觉得Vim+VSCode是绝配，Vim负责文本编辑，VSCode负责插件等高级功能

在VSCode中使用Vim的正确方式

Vim的设计逻辑：a modal editor，多模态的编辑器

Normal (ESC): for moving around a file and making edits，ESC很重要，我用Karabiner把MacOS的右Command键设成了ESC
Insert (i): for inserting text
Replace (R): for replacing text，无需删除，在文本上覆盖编辑；r替换字符
Visual (plain (v), line (V), block (C-v)) mode: for selecting blocks of text
- ^V = Ctrl-v = <C-v>
Command-line (:): for running a command

Vim基础

插入，按i进入，Esc退出
概念：Buffers, tabs, and windows
- buffer和window关系：一对多
Command-line
- :q quit (close window)
- :w save (“write”)
- :wq save and quit = ZZ
- :e {name of file} open file for editing 利用这一命令和:sp在文件间复制粘贴
- :E 打开netrw文件浏览器
- :ls show open buffers
- :help {topic} open help，Ctrl-D显示补全命令列表
- :r提取和合并文件；:r !ls可读取存放外部命令输出

Vim’s interface is a programming language

Movement：也称作“nouns”，因为指代chunks of text

Basic movement: hjkl左下上右
Words: w (下一个词开头), b (本词或上一个词开头), e (本词或下一个词末尾，常和a搭配)
Lines: 0 (beginning of line), ^ (first non-blank character), $ (end of line)
Paragraph (原文没写): { and }
Screen: H (top of screen), M (middle of screen), L (bottom of screen)
Scroll: Ctrl-U (up), Ctrl-D (down)
File: gg (beginning of file), G (end of file), Ctrl-G显示行号信息, 数字+G移动到某一行
Line numbers: :{number} or {number}G (line {number})
Misc: % (corresponding item，比如括号匹配)
Find: f{character}, t{character}, F{character}, T{character}
- find/to forward/backward {character} on the current line
- , / ; for navigating matches
Search: /{regex}向后搜索, n / N for navigating matches
- ？{regex}向前搜索
- 退出查找高亮状态：:nohl
- :set ic忽略大小写；:set hls is; 选项前加no可关闭选项:set noic
  - /\cword不区分大小写查找

Selection：Visual modes

plain (v)
line (V)
block (Ctrl-v)
v键提取后按: ... w ABC可以保存文件

Edits: "Verbs"

i进入insert模式
o / O insert line below / above
d{motion} delete {motion}
- e.g. dw is delete word, d$ is delete to end of line, d0 is delete to beginning of line
c{motion} change {motion}
- e.g. cw is change word
- like d{motion} followed by i
x delete character (equal do dl)
s substitute character (equal to xi)
visual mode + manipulation
- select text, d to delete it or c to change it
u to undo, <C-r> to redo，U撤销行内命令
- vim plugin: undotree[https://github.com/mbbill/undotree]
- how to persistently undo
y to copy / “yank” (some other commands like d also copy)
p to paste
Lots more to learn: e.g. ~ flips the case of a character
d, y, c均可双写，表示单行操作
A a S s 附加操作，相当于操作后移一格
y操作符命令会把文本复制到一个寄存器3中。然后可以用p命令把它取回。因为y是一个操作符命令，所以可以用yw来复制一个word. 同样可以使用counting, 如用y2w命令复制两个word，yy命令复制一整行，Y也是复制整行的内容，复制当前光标至行尾的命令是y$ { }段首段尾

Counts:

3w move 3 words forward
5j move 5 lines down
7dw delete 7 words

Modifiers: 接在nouns后面，i=inside，a=around，t=to

ci( change the contents inside the current pair of parentheses
ci[ change the contents inside the current pair of square brackets
da' delete a single-quoted string, including the surrounding single quotes
d2a 删除到a之前

Vim拓展

./vimrc: 课程推荐config, instructors’ Vim configs (Anish, Jon (uses neovim), Jose)

plugin: 推荐网站，git clone到~/.vim/pack/vendor/start/

ctrlp.vim: fuzzy file finder
ack.vim: code search
nerdtree: file explorer
- 手动输vim -u NONE -c "helptags ~/.vim/pack/my_plugs/start/nerdtree/doc" -c q激活帮助插件，配置在了我的dotfiles里
vim-easymotion: magic motions
ale
- :ALEGoToDefinition
- :ALEFindReferences
- :ALEHover
- :ALESymbolSearch

Vim-mode的其它应用

Shell：If you’re a Bash user, use set -o vi. If you use Zsh, bindkey -v. For Fish, fish_vi_key_bindings. Additionally, no matter what shell you use, you can export EDITOR=vim. This is the environment variable used to decide which editor is launched when a program wants to start an editor. For example, git will use this editor for commit messages.
Readline: Many programs use the GNU Readline library for their command-line interface.
- Readline supports (basic) Vim emulation too, which can be enabled by adding the following line to the ~/.inputrc file: set editing-mode vi
- With this setting, for example, the Python REPL will support Vim bindings.
Others:

There are even vim keybinding extensions for web browsers, some popular ones are Vimium for Google Chrome and Tridactyl for Firefox. You can even get Vim bindings in Jupyter notebooks.

Vim的其它特性积累

Q: 如果文件太大打不开怎么办？
- A: 先grep -nr $target $FILE获取行号，然后vim $FILE +N进入定位所在。
粘贴文本
- :set paste
- :set nopaste
缩进操作：
- 先 v 进入visual模式选定要缩进的内容，再 shift + </> 进行整体的左右缩进
- 对齐缩进：v选中第二、三行，然后=，与第一行对齐缩进
补全：连续按 Ctrl-P

buffer操作：:ls,:b num, :bn（下一个）, :bp（前一个）, :b#(上次的buffer)

window操作： :sp / :vsp split window，C-w + hjkl切换

tab操作：gt切换tab

跳转操作：

Ctrl-O/I 进入更旧/新的位置
Marks - In vim, you can set a mark doing m<X> for some letter X. You can then go back to that mark doing '<X>. This let’s you quickly navigate to specific locations within a file or even across files.

查找替换：

:%s/foo/bar/g
- replace foo with bar globally in file
- %表示修改全文件而不是第一个匹配串，/g表示全行/全文件匹配，/gc会提示每个匹配串是否替换
- :#,#s/...表示对行号之间的内容操作
:%s/\[.*\]($.*$)/\1/g
- replace named Markdown links with plain URLs

命令操作：

:g/pattern/command，对匹配行执行命令
.复制操作
外部命令：:!

Advanced Text Objects - Text objects like searches can also be composed with vim commands. E.g. d/<pattern> will delete to the next match of said pattern or cgn will change the next occurrence of the last searched string.

Macros

q{character} to start recording a macro in register {character}
q to stop recording
@{character} replays the macro
Macro execution stops on error
{number}@{character} executes a macro {number} times
Macros can be recursive
- first clear the macro with q{character}q
- record the macro, with @{character} to invoke the macro recursively (will be a no-op until recording is complete)
Example: convert xml to json (file)
- Array of objects with keys “name” / “email”
- Use a Python program?
- Use sed / regexes
  - g/people/d
  - %s/<person>/{/g
  - %s/<name>$.*$<\/name>/"name": "\1",/g
  - …
- Vim commands / macros
  - Gdd, ggdd delete first and last lines
  - Macro to format a single element (register e)
    - Go to line with <name>
    - qe^r"f>s": "<ESC>f<C"<ESC>q
  - Macro to format a person
    - Go to line with <person>
    - qpS{<ESC>j@eA,<ESC>j@ejS},<ESC>q
  - Macro to format a person and go to the next person
    - Go to line with <person>
    - qq@pjq
  - Execute macro until end of file
    - 999@q
  - Manually remove last , and add [ and ] delimiters
- 在vimrc中存宏

Resources

vimtutor is a tutorial that comes installed with Vim
Vim Adventures is a game to learn Vim
Vim Tips Wiki
Vim Advent Calendar has various Vim tips
Vim Golf is code golf, but where the programming language is Vim’s UI
Vi/Vim Stack Exchange
Vim Screencasts
Practical Vim (book)

Clion

文件栏：command + shift + E
快速修复警告：command + .
随处搜索：两次shift

VSCode

快捷键

查文件：ctrl + P，@追加符号，冒号追加行
头文件和源文件切换：option + O
- 搜索switch获知快捷键
折叠函数：
- 折叠：Command K + 1/2/3/4 （按住command）
- unfold：Command K + J
跳转前一次/后一次光标位置：ctrl + - / shift + ctrl + -
Format： Option + Shift + F
历史打开文件切换：ctrl + TAB
ctrl + command + P
- Settings
打开终端：ctrl + `

插件

参考「dotfiles：README」

Format

Yapf
- pip install yapf
- Option + Shift +F 自动格式化代码
- .vscode/settings.json

{
	"python.linting.enabled": true,
	"python.linting.pylintPath": "pylint",
	"editor.formatOnSave": false,
	"python.formatting.provider": "yapf", // or "black" here
	"python.linting.pylintEnabled": false,
	"python.formatting.yapfArgs": [
		"--style={based_on_style: google, indent_width: 2}" // column_limit: 80
	]
}

clang系列

安装clang

wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-13.0.1/clang+llvm-13.0.1-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.xz
tar xvf clang+llvm-13.0.1-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.xz

sudo ln -s xxx/bin/clang /usr/bin/clang-13.0

clang-format: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html
- style-options: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormatStyleOptions.html
- clang-format -style=llvm|Google -dump-config > .clang-format

# 格式化main.cpp, 结果直接写到main.cpp
clang-format -i main.cpp
# 支持对指定行格式化，格式化main.cpp的第1，2行
clang-format -lines=1:2 main.cpp

clang-tidy: https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/
clangd插件：https://clangd.llvm.org/installation
- sudo apt install clangd-13
- command-p # 跳转符号

---
Checks: >
  -*,
  bugprone-*,
  clang-analyzer-*,
  cppcoreguidelines-*,
  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,
  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-cstyle-cast,
  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,
  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,
  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,
  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,
  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,
  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,
  -cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,
  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,
  hicpp-*,
  -hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,
  -hicpp-use-auto,
  -hicpp-vararg,
  -hicpp-no-array-decay,
  -hicpp-signed-bitwise,
  -hicpp-special-member-functions,
  modernize-*,
  -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
  -modernize-avoid-c-arrays,
  -modernize-pass-by-value,
  -modernize-avoid-bind,
  -modernize-use-auto,
  performance-*,
  -performance-no-int-to-ptr,
  portability-*,
  readability-*,
  -readability-magic-numbers,
  -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,
  -readability-convert-member-functions-to-static,
  -readability-implicit-bool-conversion,
  -readability-identifier-length

WarningsAsErrors: ''
HeaderFilterRegex: ''
FormatStyle: none
InheritParentConfig: true
User: gycherish
CheckOptions:
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.AbstractClassPrefix, value: I }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.AbstractClassCase, value: CamelCase }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.ClassCase, value: CamelCase }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.ClassMemberCase, value: camelBack }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.ClassMemberPrefix, value: m_ }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.FunctionCase, value: camelBack }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.EnumCase, value: CamelCase }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.EnumConstantCase, value: CamelCase }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.GlobalConstantCase, value: UPPER_CASE }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.NamespaceCase, value: lower_case }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.ProtectedMemberCase, value: camelBack }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.ProtectedMemberPrefix, value: m_ }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.PrivateMemberCase, value: camelBack }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.PrivateMemberPrefix, value: m_ }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.StructCase, value: CamelCase }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.TemplateParameterCase, value: CamelCase }
  - { key: readability-identifier-naming.VariableCase, value: camelBack }
...

json配置

launch.json

VSCode with GDB
- sourceFileMap 解决找不到源文件的问题
- gdb --directory

{  
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {   //出现在vscode界面上的名字
            "name": "(gdb) 启动",
            // debugger类型 这是gdb
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
             //可执行文件位置
            "program": "/home/huangruiteng/../workspace/program",
            "args": ["--arg1=abc", "--directory=/home/huangruiteng/.../workspace"],
            //是否进入后暂停
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            //工作目录
            "cwd": "/home/huangruiteng/.../workspace",
            "environment": [],
             //是否使用外部终端
            "externalConsole": false,
             // dubug之前要运行的任务
            //"preLaunchTask": "Build Fortran", 
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                },
                {
                    "description":  "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel",
                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "sourceFileMap": {
                "/.../bazel-buildfarm/default/operations/.../abc.cpp": "/home/huangruiteng/.../workspace/.../abc.cpp"
            }
            // debug程序位置 gdb的位置
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb", 
        },
    ]
}

settings.json

{
	"python.linting.enabled": true,
	"python.linting.pylintPath": "pylint",
	"editor.formatOnSave": false,
	"python.formatting.provider": "yapf", // or "black" here
	"python.linting.pylintEnabled": false,
	"python.formatting.yapfArgs": [
		"--style={based_on_style: google, indent_width: 2}" // column_limit: 80
	],
  "terminal.integrated.scrollback": 100000,
}

c_cpp_properties.json

配置 compile_commands.json
- https://www.zhihu.com/question/353722203/answer/945067523

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "${workspaceFolder}/../**"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang-13.0",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-clang-x64",
            "compileCommands": "xxx/build/compile_commands.json",
            "compilerArgs": [
                "-O3"
            ],
            "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

tasks.json（禁用c++/c后，不需要此文件）

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ 生成活动文件",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${fileDirname}/../a.cc",
                "${fileDirname}/../b.cc",
                "${fileDirname}/../c.cc",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
                "-lpthread"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "detail": "编译器: /usr/bin/g++"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

issues

remote ssh can't connect - Server installation process already in progress
- remove the hardlink /home/sma/.vscode-server/bin/78a4c91400152c0f27ba4d363eb56d2835f9903a/vscode-remote-lock.sma.78a4c91400152c0f27ba4d363eb56d2835f9903a'

Sublime Text

Ctrl + M 括号匹配
Shift + Ctrl + M 选中该级括号内容

Typora

command + / 切换编辑模式
shift + command + L 打开边栏
control + command + 1/2/3 切换边栏类型

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Editor.md

Editor.md

Vim

Vim’s interface is a programming language

Vim拓展

Vim-mode的其它应用

Vim的其它特性积累

Macros

Resources

Clion

VSCode

快捷键

插件

Format

clang系列

安装clang

json配置

launch.json

settings.json

c_cpp_properties.json

tasks.json（禁用c++/c后，不需要此文件）

issues

Sublime Text

Typora

Files

Editor.md

Latest commit

History

Editor.md

File metadata and controls

Vim

Vim’s interface is a programming language

Vim拓展

Vim-mode的其它应用

Vim的其它特性积累

Macros

Resources

Clion

VSCode

快捷键

插件

Format

clang系列

安装clang

json配置

launch.json

settings.json

c_cpp_properties.json

tasks.json（禁用c++/c后，不需要此文件）

issues

Sublime Text

Typora