diff --git a/pkg/bloombuild/builder/builder.go b/pkg/bloombuild/builder/builder.go
index b5bb682e8efcd..4e45467eb52f7 100644
--- a/pkg/bloombuild/builder/builder.go
+++ b/pkg/bloombuild/builder/builder.go
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/config"
 	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/stores"
 	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/stores/shipper/bloomshipper"
-	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/stores/shipper/indexshipper/tsdb"
 	utillog "github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/util/log"
 	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/util/ring"
 )
@@ -415,7 +414,6 @@ func (b *Builder) processTask(
 					Bounds:    gap.Bounds,
 				},
 			},
-			Sources: []tsdb.SingleTenantTSDBIdentifier{task.TSDB},
 		}
 
 		// Fetch blocks that aren't up to date but are in the desired fingerprint range
@@ -492,6 +490,7 @@ func (b *Builder) processTask(
 			level.Debug(logger).Log("msg", "uploaded block", "progress_pct", fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", pct))
 
 			meta.Blocks = append(meta.Blocks, built.BlockRef)
+			meta.Sources = append(meta.Sources, task.TSDB)
 		}
 
 		if err := newBlocks.Err(); err != nil {
diff --git a/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver.go b/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver.go
index 0f6fe27626958..71f410ad8f3d4 100644
--- a/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver.go
+++ b/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package bloomgateway
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 
@@ -61,36 +62,55 @@ func (r *defaultBlockResolver) Resolve(ctx context.Context, tenant string, inter
 }
 
 func blocksMatchingSeries(metas []bloomshipper.Meta, interval bloomshipper.Interval, series []*logproto.GroupedChunkRefs) []blockWithSeries {
-	result := make([]blockWithSeries, 0, len(metas))
-
-	for _, meta := range metas {
-		for _, block := range meta.Blocks {
+	slices.SortFunc(series, func(a, b *logproto.GroupedChunkRefs) int { return int(a.Fingerprint - b.Fingerprint) })
 
-			// skip blocks that are not within time interval
-			if !interval.Overlaps(block.Interval()) {
-				continue
+	result := make([]blockWithSeries, 0, len(metas))
+	cache := make(map[bloomshipper.BlockRef]int)
+
+	// find the newest block for each series
+	for _, s := range series {
+		var b *bloomshipper.BlockRef
+		var newestTs time.Time
+
+		for i := range metas {
+			for j := range metas[i].Blocks {
+				block := metas[i].Blocks[j]
+				// To keep backwards compatibility, we can only look at the source at index 0
+				// because in the past the slice had always length 1, see
+				// https://github.com/grafana/loki/blob/b4060154d198e17bef8ba0fbb1c99bb5c93a412d/pkg/bloombuild/builder/builder.go#L418
+				sourceTs := metas[i].Sources[0].TS
+				// Newer metas have len(Sources) == len(Blocks)
+				if len(metas[i].Sources) > j {
+					sourceTs = metas[i].Sources[j].TS
+				}
+				// skip blocks that are not within time interval
+				if !interval.Overlaps(block.Interval()) {
+					continue
+				}
+				// skip blocks that do not contain the series
+				if block.Cmp(s.Fingerprint) != v1.Overlap {
+					continue
+				}
+				// only use the block if it is newer than the previous
+				if sourceTs.After(newestTs) {
+					b = &block
+					newestTs = sourceTs
+				}
 			}
+		}
 
-			min := sort.Search(len(series), func(i int) bool {
-				return block.Cmp(series[i].Fingerprint) > v1.Before
-			})
-
-			max := sort.Search(len(series), func(i int) bool {
-				return block.Cmp(series[i].Fingerprint) == v1.After
-			})
-
-			// All fingerprints fall outside of the consumer's range
-			if min == len(series) || max == 0 || min == max {
-				continue
-			}
+		if b == nil {
+			continue
+		}
 
-			// At least one fingerprint is within bounds of the blocks
-			// so append to results
-			dst := make([]*logproto.GroupedChunkRefs, max-min)
-			_ = copy(dst, series[min:max])
+		idx, ok := cache[*b]
+		if ok {
+			result[idx].series = append(result[idx].series, s)
+		} else {
+			cache[*b] = len(result)
 			result = append(result, blockWithSeries{
-				block:  block,
-				series: dst,
+				block:  *b,
+				series: []*logproto.GroupedChunkRefs{s},
 			})
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver_test.go b/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver_test.go
index e6369cbeff9ea..217f07324da3b 100644
--- a/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver_test.go
+++ b/pkg/bloomgateway/resolver_test.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/logproto"
 	v1 "github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/bloom/v1"
 	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/stores/shipper/bloomshipper"
+	"github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/storage/stores/shipper/indexshipper/tsdb"
 )
 
 func makeBlockRef(minFp, maxFp model.Fingerprint, from, through model.Time) bloomshipper.BlockRef {
@@ -28,6 +29,9 @@ func makeMeta(minFp, maxFp model.Fingerprint, from, through model.Time) bloomshi
 		Blocks: []bloomshipper.BlockRef{
 			makeBlockRef(minFp, maxFp, from, through),
 		},
+		Sources: []tsdb.SingleTenantTSDBIdentifier{
+			{TS: through.Time()},
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -100,14 +104,21 @@ func TestBlockResolver_BlocksMatchingSeries(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("multiple overlapping blocks within time range covering full keyspace", func(t *testing.T) {
 		metas := []bloomshipper.Meta{
-			makeMeta(0x00, 0xdf, 1000, 1999),
-			makeMeta(0xc0, 0xff, 1000, 1999),
+			// 2 series overlap
+			makeMeta(0x00, 0xdf, 1000, 1499), // "old" meta covers first 4 series
+			makeMeta(0xc0, 0xff, 1500, 1999), // "new" meta covers last 4 series
 		}
 		res := blocksMatchingSeries(metas, interval, series)
+		for i := range res {
+			t.Logf("%s", res[i].block)
+			for j := range res[i].series {
+				t.Logf("  %016x", res[i].series[j].Fingerprint)
+			}
+		}
 		expected := []blockWithSeries{
 			{
 				block:  metas[0].Blocks[0],
-				series: series[0:4],
+				series: series[0:2], // series 0x00c0 and 0x00d0 are covered in the newer block
 			},
 			{
 				block:  metas[1].Blocks[0],